International Invention Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

40-43

Authors: Awoyeni E.A1, Olaniran O1*, Hassan-Olajokun R.E1, Adewuyi I.K2

The prevalence of intestinal nematodes were determined among 200 children between the age of 6 years and 12 years which consist of 123 males and 77 females attending children emergency clinic, State Hospital, Asubiaro, Osogbo, Osun-State, between the month of October 2010 and March 2011. The fecal samples were examined microscopically using direct smear method with saline and iodine preparations and concentration method for the presence of parasites. The result obtained from this study showed that 106 (53%) were found to be positive for intestinal nematodes while 94 (47%) were negative. The age distribution pattern showed that the age range 8-9 years had the highest prevalence rate for Ascaris lumbricoides 30 (41.7%) and Hookworm 15 (20.8%) , it was discovered that it was only the age range 10-12 years that had Strongyloides stercoralis 1 (1.3%). In this study, the percentage prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 70 (35%), Hookworm was 35 (17.5%), and Strongyloides stercoralis was 1(0.5%). The study also reveals that male children (55.3%) have higher prevalence rate than female (50.6%). Thus, there is need for intense mass campaign for improved personal hygiene and proper sewage disposal in this area to avoid endemic of intestinal infection among inhabitants and for the people to re-examine and re-evaluate their nutritional practices as malnutrition are secondary to poverty. Keywords: Prevalence, Intestinal nematodes, Children, Health care delivery.

29-33

Authors: Nakanwagi Miriam

Non-adherence to anti-epileptic drugs has adverse consequences in children and adults, the commonest of which is the loss of seizure control which in turn compromises the quality of life. Many studies on non-adherence in chronic illnesses have focused on adults but it is worth noting that circumstances surrounding non-adherence in children are different from that of adults because of the parental involvement required. In addition, the consequences of non-adherence to antiepileptic drugs may have worse effects especially in children whose brain function is still developing. In this case report, a child who was non-adherent to antiepileptic drugs, the circumstances surrounding this non-adherence as well as the possible adverse effects are presented along with measures that were used to improve the adherence. Keywords: Epilepsy, Antiepileptic drugs, Non-adherence.

172-180

Authors: Ashraf Elsayed Amer MD1, Alsaeed Elsayed Ahmed. A. Askar MD2, Hossam Ibrahim Abd El-Hamid MD3

The aim of the study is to assess the relation between bone density and high serum lipid level status, to determine the contribution of fat mass to osteoporosis and the role of obesity associated with high fat content in osteoporosis. The study design was case control study. One hundred women of middle age ranged from (37 – 47 years) with normal menstrual cycle divided into two groups. Group Ι included 50 hyperlipidemic obese (HL-O) women and group Π included 50 hyperlipidemic non-obese (HL-NO) women of the same age. All these middle age women were suffering from hyperlipidemic disease with duration from 3 to 5 years, presented with rheumatological manifestations of hyperlipidemia, any symptoms of osteoporosis in the form of neck pain, low back pain, loss of height overtime, stopped posture and any debilitating pain of hips and wrists. Those with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, secondary osteoporosis caused by number of endocrine diseases, systemic diseases and who took drugs influence the bone metabolism and all other causes of osteoporosis were excluded from the study. Blood samples were taken to measure serum lipids Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), bone biomarkers (bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin). Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at multiple skeletal sites was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Obesity was assessed by measuring body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 with normal waist circumference is <88 cm, values were estimated according to WHO criteria. Also ectopic fat mass was assessed clinically. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between mentioned measurements after adjustment for weight and age. Contribution of fat mass to bone density and the risk of osteoporosis was also assessed. After adjustment for age, weight, height, and BMI, the correlation between serum lipids and BMD was assessed. The effect of lipids on bone biomarkers was evaluated as well. We found a positive correlation between HDL and lumbar spine BMD. Furthermore, we did not find any significant effect of serum lipids on BALP. The results are interesting as the positive effect of serum lipids specially TG, low HDL and high LDL on long bone BMD (osteoporosis and osteopenia through mechanisms which are not merely mediated by pathways in which bone biomarkers' alterations are involved. TC and LDL were not related to BMD. Keywords: Bone density, Hyperlipidemia, Middle aged, Menstrual women.

144-164

Authors: Mohamad Sayyed Bakheet1*, Haredy Hassan Haredy2, Ali Abdesalam2, Hoda Khalifa Abd alhady sayed3

There are increasing evidences that free radicals and reactive oxygen species play a crucial role in the various steps that initiate and regulate the progression of liver diseases. Oxidative stress in hepato-toxicity resulting from increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other reactive intermediates as well as by decreased efficiency of antioxidant defenses actively contributes to excessive tissue remodeling. Drug-induced nephropathy is reported to be the third most common cause of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients. Excess ROS production and depressed antioxidant defence mechanism are responsible for nephrotoxicity. So, pharmacological studies in this work were done to evaluate: presence of protective effects of an antioxidant Hesperedine on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic toxicity and nephro-toxicity, to evaluate its effects on oxidants and antioxidants parameters and to evaluate its effect on kidney and liver functions and histo-pathological changes. Liver enzymes level AST and ALT: was increased significantly in rats treated with CCl4 but decreased significantly in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (100 mg/ kg/ day) and in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (200 mg/ kg/ day). In comparison between antioxidant treated rats groups liver enzymes level was decreased significantly in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (200 mg/ kg/ day) than in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (100 mg/ kg/ day). Serum creatinine level: was increased insignificantly in rats treated with CCl4 but decreased insignificantly in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (100 mg/ kg/ day) and in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (200 mg/ kg/ day). In comparison between antioxidant treated rats groups liver enzymes level was decreased insignificantly in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (200 mg/ kg/ day) than in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (100 mg/ kg/ day). So, we recommend uses of antioxidant Hesperedine as it has a valuable role in improvement of liver functions and as a prophylactic of hepatic and renal tissues against toxicity achieved by free radicals. Keywords: Hepatotoxicity, CCl4, HDN, Antioxidant, Hesperedine.