The Journal of International Economic Policy

20

Authors: Yaroslava Stoliarchuk, Oleksii Bielienkyi, Viktoriia Stoliarchuk

The paper studies present-day processes of transnationalization of world market of intellectual property items (IPI) in complex; it determines their mechanisms and evaluates impact on parameters of innovative and technological safety of countries and regions. Role of transnational corporations in the international technology exchange is revealed, and their competitive positions at the world IPI market are analyzed. Global character of monopolization of intellectual property market is justified, as well as key directions of upgrade of technology policy of transnational structures in terms of enhancement of their innovative leadership. Significant amount of attention is paid to analysis of operations of cross-border strategic alliances as one of institutional forms of build-up of corporate patent portfolios and enhancement of competitive positions of transnational corporations at the world intellectual property market. It is proved that in order to maintain steady competitive advantages at the IPI global market the majority of transnational corporations actively monitors emergence of new technology just at the initial stage of fundamental research, thus deepening the interstate innovative and technological gap even under the technoglobalism.

22

Authors: Poruchnyk Anatoliy, Alina Kulai

The essence, the stages of formation and development of the budget system of the European Union (EU) are revealed herein, as well as the main directions and mechanisms of consolidation of the national budget of Member States. Therole and place of the EU budget in the system of economic relations of integration association, sources of formation and targeted uses of the common budget. On the basis of the EU legal acts and research of Ukrainian and foreign scholars the principles and general rules were analyzed which govern the budget process, the essence and main reasons of inconsistency of interbudget relations in the EU. The organization and the problems of institutional cooperation in the budgetary system of the EUare studied as well as their impact on the budget policies of the EU and the Member States. Revenues and expenditures of the EU budget, their dynamics, structure, efficiency and role of regional development in the Community were analyzed as well. A mathematical calculation of projected trends of interbudget relations was made, and the author’s vision of application of specific mechanisms and instruments in the EU budget process was motivated herein.

25

Authors: Nataliia Fedirko, Anastasiia Konstantinova

In the article the causes and macroeconomic peculiarities of the formation and operation of international regional economic associations of various forms have been studied. A hierarchical classification of modern international regional economic integration groups is presented. The contribution of the world’s largest integration groups to the global GDP has been analyzed. The main macroeconomic results of countries’ participation in integration associations of different forms on the pre-establishment and post-establishment stages have been described, the positive effects obtained by countries in the result of introduction of certain common economic activity conditions have been determined. Potential risks for Ukraine related to European Integration and prospective positive effects of integration into the world economy have been determined. Conceptual principles of state policy of blocking of the potential risks of international regional economic integration for Ukraine have been substantiated.

34

Authors: Denys Ilnytskyy

As institutions of knowledge generation and diffusion, in the course of their activities universities should take into account not only the level of an organization or a country but also that of individual knowledge transformation, whereby creating favorable conditions for developing creativity of both graduates and academic staff who form the basis of the intellectual capital of the university and the country. While functioning in the global competitive climate, the national intellectual capital is a factor of socio-economic development and international competitive status of individual countries. During decades the concept of university has been evolving toward determining the operation mode of a university as that of an institution providing mass education, carrying out fundamental and applied researches as well as largely participating in local, national and global development. However, the university operation paradigm remains eclectic. Equal relationships between universities, government and industry in a knowledge-based society are well-defined by the concept of triple helix innovation systems engaging NGOs. World-class universities tend ever more to incorporate the feature of an entrepreneurial university actively competing in the global academic domain.

14

Authors: Cheshmi Hajiyeva

The paper provides systematic analysis of Azerbaijan’s geo-economic development potential scenarios in the context of multivariation and multi-vector nature of the existing economic development paradigm. Methodological framework of the research was formed based on ‘intersection points’ of the pair ‘post-positivism → post-structuralism’. The author first provided scientific substantiation of the key mono- and multi-factor scenarios of Azerbaijan development based on technogenic and evolutionary competitiveness models. Analysing combination of interrelations between events and processes (such as revolutionary, political, social, military, etc.) in the triad ‘country → multidimensional communication space → global economy’ allowed for determining an integrative approach to formation of a single scenario for providing high competitive status of the country and its economic impact expansion in the Eurasian continent.

21

Authors: Volodymyr Bodrov, Roman Shepetko

This article researches the essence and peculiarities of the structural policy, performs classification of its models and determines possibilities of their use in the context of increasing international competition. It discovers the main components of the economic structure and trends of the state policy regarding their modernization. Measures on improvement of state regulation instruments are offered, factors of influence upon improvement of the Ukrainian economy structure are analyzed and priority goals are systematized which require urgent implementation in the terms of competitive struggle aggravation at the global markets. The article also researches the matter of importance of performing a complex of state functional and selective measures in the form of matrix policy for the purpose of protecting national interests of the country in the context of global challenges.

22

Authors: Oksana Snizhko

The article is dedicated to critical analysis of competitive conceptual approaches to determining the essence of financial system. The system establishing element of the financial system resource concept is understanding finance as economic relations of formation, allocation and use of financial resource funds with the purpose of performing functions and tasks of the state/company and provision of conditions for expanded reproduction. According to this approach, the notion «financial system» is further determination of finance and shall be interpreted as the totality of relatively separated but mutually related spheres and links of relations, in the process of which centralized and decentralized financial resource funds are created and used. The institutional concept of the financial system considers finance as a social institution that organizes determined ways of interactions between individuals or their separate groups in the society. Its target purpose is to minimize transaction expenses arising at exchange of binding requirements for real resources in the economy. Under this approach, the financial system is understood as an aggregate of means — financial institutions and markets — which result from the evolution of social contracts and with the help of which intertime decisions and interactions are fulfilled and coordination of savings and investments in the economy is performed. The article shows that the alternative theoretical models of financial system contain structural elements heterogeneous by content and nature of interrelations, with various properties. The differences between them concern methodological approach to distinguishing qualitative signs which determine the essential nature and structure of the financial system; mechanism of formation and functioning of financial relations; nature of distribution and scheme of financial resources flow; the nature of functions of the financial system in the economic environment; special mechanism of effect of the financial system upon the economic system. Considering the theoretical and methodological differences between the resource and institutional concepts of the financial system, the author offers to divide them into two theoretical models — financial system concept and the concept of the system of finance.

24

Authors: Viktoriia Olіinyk, Olga Goncharova

The paper explores the practice of monitoring and evaluating regional development policy in the European Union, as well as impact thereof on key indicators of economic and social development both in separate regions and in the EU as a whole. The authors analyzed developments in the regional policy monitoring practice, while also identified peculiarities characteristic of the monitoring process regarding implementation of development programmes and determined main stages of evaluation. The paper specifies basic difficulties in setting up the system of monitoring and evaluating achievement of objectives and coordination of regional programmes. The authors described major disparity in economic and social development of the EU Member States under their development programmes as well as determined main indicators of EU regional disparities. Principles, instruments and mechanisms for monitoring EU regional policy were also defined. The paper analyzes changes in the EU regional development paradigm focusing on the priorities for concentrating financial resources and instruments in terms of cohesion policy.

13

Authors: Gerald Groshek

Measured against its central European neighbors, Ukraine has experienced a less than successful path to the reform and integration of its economy since independence. Corruption has continued at an elevated level and annual output growth has been uneven and anemic. Given its geographic position on the edge of the former Soviet Union and the persistence of domestic political schisms, such feeble results might be expected. This paper examines the development of Ukraine’s intra-industry trade links with EU partners, in light of its established ties to Russia, as a measure and predictor of the strength of its reform efforts. Its progress is measured against that of its immediate western neighbor: Slovakia. The use of intra-industry trade, as an indicator of both demand and supply side constraints, might reveal the degree to which Ukrainian and Slovak economic considerations have compelled the adoption of reforms. A key economic consideration is the preference for reform and enhanced integration with the EU versus the protection of incumbent interests and links with traditional trading partners. An exploration of developments in Slovak and Ukraine intra-industry trade provides an indication of which factor currently dominates.

18

Authors: Ellana Molchanova, Yuriy Solodkovskyy

The article deals with the problem caused by the crisis of the Jamaican currency system, namely, with the search for new forms of money that can replace dollars in international transactions. Alternative currency as the best global option has been searched both by national governments and international organisations, as well as the world’s leading scientists. All current studies, and our research, are based on historical definition of the nature, forms and other aspects of money. The theoretical principles that have been studied helped confirm our hypotheses about the existence of absolutely new forms of money, including electronic. In this study, we proved that there are all necessary prerequisites for existence of electronic money as a new global currency. The key risks and possible directions of their neutralising were analysed. This allowed reviewing the hypothesis of introduction of fiduciary electronic money, studying historical facts of their existence and substantiating their implementation.

22

Authors: Nataliia Karasova

This article describes globalisation preconditions for export in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The summarised results of the previous research highlight the essential characteristics of the export-led activity concept, establish the current trends, factor conditions and the impact of globalisation on the development of agricultural exports. The article also shows the dynamics and peculiarities of goods and geographical structure of agrarian exports. The areas and causes of Ukraine’s vulnerability in the global agro-food market have been established. The work also deals with the directions of export-led activity development in the context of economic globalisation.

25

Authors: Svitlana Radzievska

The paper presents main trends in global economic development and impact thereof on Ukraine. A characteristic feature of the contemporary world is acceleration of globalization caused by achievements of the scientific and technological progress, which have provided technical means for successful overcoming the factors of time and space, whereby making the world more compact and ensuring the possibility of functioning as a single economic mechanism. Growing of opportunities for solving global problems is accompanied by aggravation of the latter such as: population growth, depletion of natural resources, deterioration of the environment, the mounting danger of climatic changes, potential failure to provide people with foods and potable water. Growth of social inequality in the world is also observed, as is increased differentiation of population by income level, which intensifies migration processes and thereby creates new problems related to coexistence of people belonging to different civilizations, cultures and value systems. An integral part of globalization is formation of regional associations which requires Ukraine to participate in this phase of globalization by means of becoming a member of a regional integration association with the purpose of improving its competitiveness and ensuring decent living for Ukrainian people under conditions of humanity functioning as a single planetary organism.

16

Authors: Zoryana Lutsyshyn, Nataliia Reznikova

The article examines the nature of a currency war as signs of neoprotectionism in terms of global challenges the global monetary system which came in yet another transformation period has faced. We analyze a mechanism of performance of competitive devaluations as a tool for improving the competitiveness of national economies. It is given the author's interpretation of the financial instruments of neo-protectionism thorough a thorough study of the latter.

21

Authors: Andriy Goncharuk, Iryna Troyan

The article is devoted to the substantiation of trade and economic priorities of Ukraine’s integration into the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country’s integration options have been analyzed including the Western European vs. pro-Russian integration vector, the bidirectional gravity model, and an alte — native subregional cooperation direction. Ukraine’s sectoral priorities for deepening economic cooperation with the BSEC member countries in the context of implementation of the national interests have been identified, in particular in the field of goods, transport and tourism services, and energy trading. The ways of and instruments for improving Ukraine’s trade activities within the framework of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation have been offered for the various working groups of the Organization that are focused on such areas of cooperation as macroeconomics, policy and law, finance and economics, science and technology, culture and society, infrastructure, and institutional renewal.

23

Authors: Tamara Gordeeva

This article studies the latest trends observed in the area of contradictory relations between countries with regard to international trade, which cause changes in the paradigm of international trade disputes. It has been found out that any state of inconsistent relations between the countries is recently characterized as a «trade war». It has been analyzed the notions of «dispute», «conflict», «war» according to international regulatory documents and determined the applicability of these terms depending on a number of criteria. It has been studied the evolution of the objects of international trade disputes since the time of ancient Greece until today, and new trends based on this have been revealed with regard to use of trade policy instruments that cause disputes between countries. Several specific examples of international trade disputes and causes of their occurrence have been considered. A quantitative analysis of international trade disputes in general and in relations between the leading countries in terms of a number of the trade disputes in which they were involved has been performed.

14

Authors: Anton Filipenko

This article analyzes the methodological discourse of international economic policy (IEP), which is considered, on the one hand, in the context of structural levels, and, on the other hand, from the perspective of international (global) political economy. In particular, distinctive features of using the philosophical, general science, specific science and applied methodology in the study of global economic problems, in creating the principles, forms, mechanisms and tools of international economic policy are clarified. The philosophical methodology is used to determine meaningful ontology of IEP, its epistemological dimensions are linked to the basic types of scientific rationality, its epistemological structure is directly based on the international (global) political economy. The full range of relationships that operate in the global economy between countries, regions, individuals and legal entities in the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services is reflected in the international political economy. Presence of several leading scientific schools makes it possible to outline the different aspects of a complicated methodological structure of IEP. However, none of the concepts has yet acquired the paradigmatic status in the international political economy.

18

Authors: Yaroslava Stolyarchuk, Andrii Svetlov

The article provides efficiency assessment regarding existing mechanisms of the U.S. national interests’ implementation at the global level in terms of international competition aggravation and formation of the new global economic competition centers. Based on comparative analysis of the leverage for U.S. leadership in global competition it has been proven that currently the highest efficiency is demonstrated by the integration strategies of the USA in Latin America focused on maximizing implementation of the economic interests of U.S. transnational corporations in the region. It has been proven that the observed profound asymmetries regarding socio-economic development of the North and Latin America countries objectively requires implementation of the effective institutional mechanisms for leveling the negative effects generated by the trade and investment liberalization processes.

21

Authors: Svitlana Radzievska

The article reviews functioning and development of the European Union (EU) and the Common Economic Space (CES) in the global instability and substantiates the equal significance of Ukraine’s integration with these regional associations in today’s environment. This conclusion is based upon the current state of Ukraine’s trade and economic relations with the countries taking part in these integration associations, and the probability of: 1) the EU’s abstaining from admitting new members until the EU structure improves, or admitting new members while changing the mechanism of interaction within the EU and setting more stringent admission criteria, 2) changes in the terms of trade of Ukraine with the CES member states due to its transformation into the Eurasian Economic Community (EEC).