Advances in Human Biology

1

Authors: Khushboo Desai

The first step in the evolution of ethics is a sense of solidarity with other human beings. Action indeed is the sole medium of expression for ethics. We as dental professionals have opted for a vocation where our knowledge and skill is to be used for the beneficence of others. Dental ethics comprises of all the moral values, duties and obligations towards our patients or in simple words morality is the attitude we adopt towards people. The "Hippocratic Oath" taken at the beginning of this noble professional career mandates us to be responsible and compassionate towards the society.

9-13

Authors: Heena Fuletra, Kamal Bagda, Suman Makam, Kruti Patel, Niket Kachhi

Aim: To evaluate the effect of cyclic loading on the tensile bond strength and retention of custom‑fabricated cast posts, prefabricated metal posts and glass fiber posts. Materials and Method: Thirty extracted human maxillary central incisors were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and randomly divided into three groups (n=10). Specimens were instrumented and obturated. Twenty four hours after obturation, post space was prepared upto no. 5 Peeso Reamer. Groups A, B and C were restored using custom cast post and core, Para Post (Whale dent) and Reforpost (Angelus) respectively thereafter. Five specimens from each group were subjected to cyclic loading. Tensile bond strength (TBS) of teeth before and after cyclic loading was evaluated. Results: For both, with and without loading, Groups A and B were not significantly different from each other but Group C was significantly different from Groups A and B. The results indicated that cyclic loading reduces retention potential of all three types of post, but it was minimum in group C. Conclusions: Cyclic loading reduced the retention of all posts but was comparatively lesser for the glass fiber post. This system provides sufficient retention required for clinical success.

22-31

Authors: Anuradha Borse, Rubina Tabassum, Omkar Shetty

Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the stress distribution at the implant abutment interface in a platform switched Morse taper and pseudo platform switched internal hex connection implant system under simulated load using a 3D finite element analysis. Materials and Method: In the study ANKYLOS which is a Morse taper platform switching implant system (Group A) and XiVE having an internal hex connection which forms a pseudo platform switched implant system (Group B) were used. The geometric properties of implant systems were modeled using 3D finite element analysis. The masticatory forces of 200 N, 500 N and 1000 N were applied axially to both the implant systems with the abutment screw tightening torque of 110 Nm2, 320 Nm2 and 550 Nm2. Von Mises stress distribution pattern was analyzed considering the objectives of the study. In order to interpret the result, the data generated by finite element analysis (FEA) were statistically analyzed. Results: There was better stress distribution for Group B at the neck of implant as compared to Group A but on screw Group A showed more decrease in force concentration and therefore better stress distribution. Conclusion: Stress concentration on connecting screw of pseudo platform switch implant was more and may lead to fracture or loosing of screw than platform switched Morse taper implant.

40-44

Authors: S Venu M Reddy, T Hanumanth Rao, N S Gautam, N Radhika Gautam, Ravichandra Koganti

Aims: To compare the palatal rugae pattern for possible differences between North Indian, South Indian and Chinese students of Manipal University, Manipal. To determine the rugae length, shape, direction, unification and number of the primary rugae. Materials and Method: The study sample consisted of 50 diagnostic study models of 25 males and 25 females within the age group of 15-23 years that were available in the department and were free from palatal defects. These cases were further segregated into 10 cases of each of North Indian, South Indian and Chinese groups and their dental casts were analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences in any parameter when compared between the sexes in the three groups. The difference in length among 3 groups was not statistically significant. The most common rugae shapes observed were wavy and curved. The North Indian group had a predominantly curved rugae shape while the South Indian and Chinese groups had wavy rugae. The rugae direction observed was mostly forward. Most of North Indians and South Indians had forward rugae and Chinese group had both types. Conclusion: The present study indicated that the rugae patterns of the Chinese group are significantly different from the two Indian groups and can hence be used for group identity.

50-56

Authors: Khyati Shah, JR Patel, Tamanna Chhabra, Pathik Patel

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of programming the articulator using the radiographs and the interocclusal records made during Jaw relation (Arrow point tracing). Materials and Method: The study comprised of 15 edentulous subjects with well formed maxillary and mandibular ridges, with no signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders and neuromuscular disorders. Digital Orthopantomograph was taken for all the subjects. The condylar guidance angles were traced on Orthopantomograph for right and left sides and the values were recorded. The protrusive interocclusal records were made at jaw relation stage and at try-in stage using bite registration paste for all subjects. These interocclusal records were used to programme the Semi-adjustable articulator (Hanau Wide Vue) and the condylar guidance values on the right and left sides were recorded. The condylar guidance values so obtained were compared with the values obtained by Orthopantomograph. The condylar guidance values obtained by the various procedures were subjected to independent t-test and Pearson correlation test. Results: The results showed statistically significant difference between the condylar guidance values obtained from Orthopantomograph (Radiograph) and the condylar guidance values obtained at the stage of jaw relation. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that the condylar guidance values obtained from the Radiographs were higher than those obtained at the stage of jaw relation recording stage.

65-68

Authors: Sumesh Choudhary, Vineet V Mishra

Background: Methotrexate (Mtx) is an accepted modality for conservative treatment of ectopic pregnancy. However, there is no consensus regarding its use in live ectopic pregnancy and high serum beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) titres. Concurrent use of intra-sac hypertonic KCl, to produce cardiac asystole with systemic Mtx potentially improve outcome in live ectopic gestations with very high serum β-hCG titres. Here a successful management of live ectopic pregnancy in a 25-year-old nulliparous woman, with very high β-hCG titres (29502.04mIU/mL), using ultrasound-guided intra-cardiac potassium chloride (KCl) injection and systemic Mtx is reported. No treatment related complications were encountered. However, individualized treatment with a stringent follow-up regime is mandatory in such cases.

74-77

Authors: Rushit Patel, Jayanti Patel, Vandana Shah, Rakesh Shah, Vikas Bhakhar

Background: Teeth start to erupt during infancy and again when the primary teeth are replaced by the permanent teeth. If a tooth fails to erupt or emerges only partially, it is considered to be impacted. This most commonly happens with the wisdom teeth as they are the last teeth to erupt in the oral cavity between 17 to 21 years. An impacted tooth remains stuck in gum tissue or bone for various reasons as in overcrowded regions were there could be no room for them to emerge or if the jaw is too small to fit the wisdom teeth. Teeth may also become twisted, tilted or displaced as they try to emerge resulting in impaction.

81-84

Authors: Nalam Sai Gautam, N. Radhika Gautham

Background: Presence of Natal and neonatal teeth are a rare event in the oral cavity, which may interfere with breast feeding & may lead to numerous complications. The decision to keep or to extract these teeth should be evaluated in each case, keeping in mind the scientific knowledge, clinical common sense and parental opinion. A case of immature natal maxillary anterior teeth and a case of natal mandibular anterior tooth are reported.