Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty (Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi)

115-121

Authors: Muhammed KÜPE [1] , Cafer KÖSE [2]

This study was conducted to detect cold damage in dormant buds of grapevine under field (by shooting test) and laboratory (by sectioning method) conditions. In the determination of the low temperature damage, it has been investigated whether there is a difference between the method of sectioning in laboratory conditions and the real shooting level in the field conditions. The study was carried out in the vineyard which was established with the Karaerik (V. vinifera L.) grape cultivar in the Uzümlü district of Erzincan in 2012, 2013 and 2014. Samples of an old grapevine cuttings from the vineyard was transported to the laboratory on the same day and sections were taken in order to determine the damage level. Cold damage was assessed based on 1-4 bud averages. In addition, cold damage was evaluated separately in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th nodes. The mortality rates of primary and secondary buds for the first 1-4 buds average were determined and the vitality rates of tertiary buds were determined in order to determine the ultimate vitality. At the second stage of study, the mortality rates (%) of primary and secondary buds and the viability rates (%) of tertiary buds were determined by counting in spring the shoots come from the primary, secondary, and tertiary buds of the first 4 buds that were left in pruning in vineyard. Secondary and tertiary buds were also considered alive if the primary buds have sprouted in vineyard.In the study that determined the level of damage of the buds, it was found that the difference between the sectioning method and the shooting test was 7.9% in primary buds, 14.56% in secondary buds, and 0.1% in tertiary buds. The mortality rates of primary buds and the viability rates of tertiary buds were found statistically insignificant differences between the methods, but the mortality rates of the secondary buds were found statistically significant differences between the methods.

128-135

Authors: Miraç GÜLNAR [1] , Kenan BARİK [2]

The aim of this study is to evaluate the status of podzolic soils commonly found in the Eastern Black Sea Region, under different land use conditions in terms of soil quality parameters. Cultivated area used for tea garden, meadow and forest lands were determined as the study area. The soil profiles for each determined lands were excavated and defined. The study was done with soil samples taken from each horizonsof profiles. Some chemical and physical analyses were carried out with these samples based on soil quality parameters. In this study, the texture, soil acidity, lime contend, organic material, electric conductivity, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cation, nitrogen, phosphorus, microelement, particle density, aggregate stability, hydraulic conductivity of these soil samples were evaluated. As a result of these evaluations, it is found all land use types has high land quality. On the other hand, it was also determined that the soil quality of meadow and forest lands were higher than the tea cultivating lands.

153-158

Authors: Cüneyt CİVELEK [1] , Ertan YILDIRIM [2]

The effects of the exogenous foliar application of glycine betaine (GB) with different doses (0, 5, 10 and 20 mM) on plant growth, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, phenolic and proline contents in tomato grown under salt stress were evaluated. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were imposed to salinity stress for 2 months with 75 mM NaCl. Salt stress reduced the growth, chlorophyll reading values and stomatal conductance in tomato. GB application decreased the inhibation of salt stress on tomato plant growth, and increased stomatal conductivity and chlorophyll content. The effective dose of GB was 10 mM to increase tolerance against salt stress. Plant height significantly increased in 5, 10 and 20 mM GB treatments by 2.2, 13.1 and 18.9%, respectively compared to the control. 5 and 10 mM GB treatments significantly increased chlorophyll reading values (51.18 and 53.44, respectively) compared with control (48.92). 10 mM GB exhibited a rapid increase in stomatal conductivity by 11.3% compared with control. Moreover, 10 mM GB showed an increase in proline content by 53.4% compared with control. According to results of our study, it can be suggested that exogenous GB treatments could mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress in tomato.

167-173

Authors: Süleyman TEMEL [1] , Bilal KESKİN [2]

The fertility of the soil, plant diversity and soil coverage rate of the plants is decreased as the topsoil flooding in areas exposed to wind erosion. However, it was known that many such species naturally growing in such areas improved the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Our aim is to reveal the change that Noaea mucronata adapted to the wind erosion region has made on some chemical properties of the soil. The study was established according to the factorial experiment design in randomized blocks with three replications in the Igdir-Aralik wind-erosion district in 2015. Soil samples were taken from the depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm from Thorny Saltwort’s canopy inside and outside, and pH, EC (electrical conductivity), lime, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium contents of soil samples were investigated. The pH, calcium, potassium and magnesium contents of the soils to according inside and outside of canopy, and the calcium and sodium contents to according soil depth showed significant differences. To according outside of canopy, the pH value (7.84), calcium content (4.32%), potassium (0.34%) and magnesium content (0.43%) were found to be high in inside of canopy. On the other hand, the highest calcium contents were found at 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil depth and the highest Na content at 40-60 cm soil depth. In conclusion, N. mucronata has been shown to contribute to soil fertility because the pH and calcium content of soil decreased, and the contents of suitable potassium and magnesium of soil increased.

187-200

Authors: Hasan YILMAZ [1] , Ayşegül AKSU [2] , Sena Nur ANGIN [3]

Population density is increasing in urban areas due to urbanization movements. In this process, urban green areas have gained importance in terms of urban health, urban ecology and urban aesthetics. It is also important that these areas serve for the city population all year long, as well as their distribution, size, equipment, aesthetics, ecological and functional characteristics. Since the winter months are long and extreme in Erzurum, people have to live in closed areas for a long time. This situation increases the demand for recreational areas in the city center and its surroundings. A survey was conducted in order to determine the tendencies in which the urban people used their outdoor uses, which recreational facilities they wanted in these areas, the reasons for going to shopping centers, the direction of use of space in case of appropriate outdoor arrangements. The surveys were conducted one by one in February and March 2018. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the parks in the city center were not sufficient (78.8%). The majority of the participants (86.4%) stated that they prefer shopping centers because there is not much activity to do outside in the winter months. 36.1% of the participants demand parking spaces near living spaces and 23.1% of them require indoor playgrounds for children to use in winter. As a result of the research, it was emphasized the necessity of the closed landscape parks in the cold climate regions for the use of urban parks especially in winter months.

217-225

Authors: Hacer MERAL [1] , Mehmet Murat KARAOĞLU [2]

People have given place to bread in their nutrition from the time of wheat agriculture to nowadays. Recently increasing white bread consumption has limited taking essential nutrients from whole wheat to body. It seems that inadequate and unbalanced diet constitutes today's important nutritional problems. Researchers are attracted to the bread enrichment in order to balance the nutrition of the every individuals in society, especially people with low income. From legumes, fish, oil seeds to a variety of fruits and vegetables like many products were used to bread enrichment and positive results were obtained. Even some of food industry residue, which contain high nutritional value, can be used to bread enrichment. The functionalization of bread with such components also interest to consumers and interest in these products is increasing day by day. Due to the high carbohydrate content, wheat bread with high energy and glycaemic index can be enriched with substances that are important in nutrition such as protein, mineral, essential fatty acid, phenolic substance and dietary fibre. It is difficult to access the protein resources nowadays but consumption of the bread, which is enriched with protein, can overcome this deficiency. Low dietary fibre consumption and sedentary lifestyle are thought to be of great importance in the prevalence of these diseases. It is certain that dietary fibre enrichment of the bread, which has taken a significant place in our diet, can reduce the incidence of such diseases.