INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES

1-6

Authors: Ulhe PP

The ancient medicine was known as herbal medicines. India is considered to be leading exporter of the medicinal plants in the world market. Plants play a very important role in preparation of herbal drugs, medicines etc. Herbal drugs play an important role in health care system. Each and every part of the plant having its specific use. Celastrus paniculata Willd. is one of the medicinal plant having its importance in health care system as a indegenous medicinal plant also. Every part is medicinally important but seeds of Celastrus paniculata Willd. having its specific use. Here we have studied the seed coat pattern i.e, seed morphology, seed anatomy and preliminary phytochemical analysis of seed powder. In seed morphology, the scanning electron microscopy detect the prominent hard rugae, uniform cell pattern with elevations. The transverse section of seed coat shows ovular section with outer epidermis wavy, palisade tissue compactly arranged in between them. Parenchymatous cells elongated isodiametric with intercellular spaces and tanniferous cells with well-developed endosperm. In preliminary phytochemical analysis the three-extract ethanol, petroleum ether and aqueous extract gives alkaloids, sterols and terpenoids, tannins are detected. Phenolic compounds, mucilage and gums, anthraquinone is absent. This seed coat study is essential for micromorphological observations, seed identification, taxonomic identification in between species to species and secondary metabolites present inside the seeds are well defined by using phytochemical technique for their theruptic efficacy which is beneficial in health care system, economically and in society.

14-22

Authors: Shah Malay and Vaidya Rajnish

Feathers represent a sizable portion of waste generated by poultry processing industries. This waste can be utilized for production of feather hydrolysate which can be used as animal feed. The present study investigated effect of various environmental parameters on chicken feather degradation and keratinase production by keratinolytic isolate Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can utilize feathers as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. Feather degradation and keratinase activity gradually increased and reached an optimum level on the 6th day. Maximum feather degradation, keratinase activity and bacterial growth were observed under shaker condition. The bacterium was able to grow at pH 5.0 to 9.0 with optimum feather degradation (73.34 %) and keratinolytic activity (44.30 units/ml) observed at pH 7.5. Optimum feather degradation (75.6 %) and keratinolytic activity (45.62 units/ml) was observed at 37 ºC. 2 % Inoculum volume and 1% feather concentration was found to be optimum for feather degradation and keratinase production. Amongst various co-carbon sources investigated, feather degradation and keratinase activity increased in presence of 1 % glucose, glycerol, maltose and lactose. Similarly, amongst co-nitrogen sources; 0.1 % concentration of peptone, tryptone, yeast extract and ammonium sulphate had positive effect on feather degradation and keratinase production. Presence of reducing agent, sodium sulphite (0.1 %) in growth media caused significant increase in feather degradation. Feather degradation and keratinase production were not affected by the presence of surface tension reducers in growth media. Results of this study can help in designing media with appropriate nutrients and incubation conditions, which can lead to increased feather degradation under submerged condition.

28-32

Authors: Maggirwar RC*, Khodke SP, Deshmukh SB and Malokar SG

Present world demands the production of high quality food in a most sustainable way causing least damage possible to the ecosystem. Today, fertilizers and pesticides are being used at high levels in the intensive production of plants. A cheap and non-destructive means of achieving high productivity rests on the establishment of a viable low input farming system. However, in order to implement such a plan, we must develop plant systems that can efficiently scavenge and utilize soil nutrients present at low levels. The symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a major impact on the functioning and stability of any ecosystem. An attempt has been made in the present research to isolate and identify AM fungi of strawberry fields in the Melghat area of Maharashtra, India. The rhizosphere soil was then used for soil trap culture of dominant AMF species. Various practices like use of waste substrates along with the traditional substrate (soil-sand mixture) are being tried for mass culture of AM fungi these days. Addition of any substrate into soil provides minerals in addition to beneficial elements that ultimately enhance the growth of AM fungi as well as plant. Since strawberry is the most economically competent crop of the area, the focus has been to isolate, characterize and identify its most dominant AM fungal species to prepare trap culture. The two varieties of Strawberry (Fragaria Sp.) namely winter down and tissue culture were collected for the study. Assessment of rhizosphere soil samples and roots was carried out. All the samples showed presence of AMF propagules. The genus Glomus was found to be the most frequent morpho-taxonomically identified AMF. The preparation of trap cultures is the only viable technique to increase spore number and to recover intact, fresh and healthy spores which may be used in future for initiation of monospecific cultures. The research finds its extension in the industrial produce on large scale by mass multiplication of these native AM fungal strains and its wider application in the farming. The findings of the present study are significant in upbringing of the local tribal community using nature’s own resource.

37-40

Authors: Arekar PB, Kamble VA and Khadse MS

The medicinal values of many spices and condiments used in Indian cooking have been known from centuries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of spice essential oils which use in kitchen on uropathogenic bacteria. Urinary tract infection is second most common infection next to Respiratory tract in our human body. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs has led to the resistance in uropathogens globally. In present scenario, alternative and safe therapy is urgently needed. Essential oils of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), cardamom (Amomum subulactum), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), black pepper (Pipera nigrum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) were used in this study. Their antibacterial activity against various uropathogenic bacteria viz. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined by disc diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of oils were determined by broth macrodilution method. Among all oils ajwain showed highest inhibitory activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 40 to 35 mm diameter against all uropathogenic bacteria. Turmeric was found to be ineffective against all uropathogenic bacteria. Cardamom and clove also showed strong activity for all uropthogens. Activity of black pepper and cinnamon oil was found to be moderate against uropathogens.

47-51

Authors: Zadokar Ashwini*, Bhoge Anita, Bhidkar Gayatri and Katkade Raj

Our research work has been mainly focused on development of regeneration protocol for In Vitro direct multiple shoots regeneration in pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan) by using explants as a pre soaked mature seeds of Cajuns cajan (Cv. Maruti). This protocol includes washing of overnight pre soaked mature seeds of pigeon pea with laboline and rinsed with tap water and then agitated with bavistin fungicide for 5-6 min. After that surface sterilization of explants by 0.1% of Hgcl2 followed by 70% ethanol. Surface sterilized explants were inoculated on MS media supplemented with different hormonal concentrations of BAP (3mg/l, 5mg/l, 7mg/l, 8mg/l) in combination with NAA (0.5mg/l) and IAA (1.5mg/l). The media MS+BAP (7mg/l) gives best results of multiple shoots induction with standard deviation of (3.1 ± 1.3901) after 25 days of inoculation and (3.2 ± 1.4349) after 50 days of inoculation. We got maximum 7-8 no of multiple shoots on this standardized media by comparing with the control media (MS+ without hormone).We standardize this media i.e. MS +BAP (7mg/l)by comparing with the another two, first is MS+BAP (7mg/l) +IAA (1.5mg/l) which gives standard deviation of (2 ± 0.8968) after 50 days of inoculation and second is MS+BAP (7mg/l) +NAA (0.5mg/l) which gives standard deviation of (1.8 ± 0.8071) after 50 days of inoculation. We also overcome the problem of phenolic compounds secretions by replacing the solidifying agent in our media i.e. agar by clarigel (2.5%). This research paper deals with the progress made on direct multiple shoot induction from mature seeds of pigeon pea, which helps in fulfillment of all the future research threats.

59-62

Authors: Suradkar KP, Hande DV and Kadu SR

Antifungal potential of endophytic fungi was studied in the present investigation. Secondary metabolites were produce by endophytic fungi isolated from Dioscorea bulbifera to investigate their antifungal activity against two pathogenic fungi, one as a human pathogenic (Candida albicans MTCC 7315) and one as a plant pathogenic (Colletotrichum acutatum MTCC 2213) taken from IMTECH, Chandigarh, India.

68-71

Authors: Deshmukh Omraj S

he screening and study of selected Indian medicinal plant Parthenocissus quiquefolia (L) Planch, were selected for phytochemical screening and antibacterial studies. The solvents used for the extraction of plant roots were ethanol, benzene, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and distilled water. The Gram-Postive and Gram-negative bacteria Yeast candida, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericha coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Klebsiella pneumonia and Streptococus pyogenes were tested. The results obtained in the present study suggest that preliminary phytochemical analysis detected the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Steroids, Cumarins, Carbohydrates and Tanins. The Parthenocissus quiquefolia (L.) Planch. Could be used in treating diseases caused by the test organisms.

77-84

Authors: Khade RN and Dabhade DS

The present investigation deals with the systematic observation of Pseudophyllidean tapeworm Senga bothriolata Sp.nov. from freshwater Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede, 2000).The worm come closer to all species of genus Senga in general topography of organs but differs due to the remarkable bothria as a part of scolex, the scolex with bothria and the position of bothria in a particular pattern, upper most portion of scolex terminate into a rostellum which in having a rostellar hook in circular manner. Rostellum with rostellar hooks. The mature proglottids are five times broader than long. The testes are small, circular in structure, 50-60 in number, spread all over in the proglottids. The cirrus pouch is rounded in shape, present in the middle position of the proglottid. The cirrus located in the cirrus pouch. The vas deferens is long. The vagina and cirrus pouch both open common in opening known as genital pore, which is small, oval in shape. The vagina is a thin tube, starting from the genital pore and forms receptaculum seminis, the receptaculum seminis is open into ootype, the ootype is rounded, small in size. The ovary is large, bilobed, dumbbell shaped. The vitellaria are follicular, present on each lateral side of proglottids.

97-102

Authors: Solanke MR and Dabhade DS

Reservoir is main resources exploited for inland fisheries and understanding fish faunal diversity is a major aspect for its development and the sustainability management. In the 2012-2013 investigation total 14 species of fishes belonging 4 orders and 6 families were reported in Upper Morna Reservoir, situated at Medshi village in Washim district. In all 4 orders cypriniformes were found most dominant followed by perciformes and others. In all fishes three species was found dominant i.e. Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigla is due to stocking of seed of this fishes intensely so far as the records of fish fauna of other water bodies. Total 14 fishes are recorded as Rasbora daniconius , Puntius sarana, Schiatura denisoni, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo rohita Cirrhinus reba, Cyprinus carpio, Garra mullya, Glossogobius, Channa gachua, Mystus cavasius, Ompak bimaculatus, Mastacembelus armatus.

109-112

Authors: Gaikwad PR, Sonune MB, Jadhao RG and Nagmote SR

The present study deals with Histophathological Study of Cestode parasites from some fresh water fishes from Amravati Division. Pathogenic effects of cestode are due to attachment of the adult parasite in the gastrointestinal tract and also to the encapsulation of larval stages in the tissues. Cestode live in a very hazardous environment as on there is continuous movement of the gut lining, food gut surface and the nature of its related glands, they have a hold fast organ (scolex) for attachment, which may be acetabulate with 4 suckers, bothridiate with 4 bothria (muscles hold fast organs), or bothriate with 2 bothria (holdfast grooves), some cestode scolices may also be armed with hooks and spines or have a retractable rostellum or proboscis covered with fine hooks.

117-120

Authors: Dipali Pillewar and Pawar SS

Fluoride is a ubiquitous substance found naturally in soil, water, plants, and animals in trace quantities and is also a common air pollutant in some industrial productions. The experimental model comprised albino rats treated with different concentration of sodium fluoride for 72 days. Parameters were neuclic acids and lipoproteins.The data indicate significant reduction in DNA, RNA and HDL concentration with significant increase in LDL and VLDL concentration.

125-128

Authors: Patil Smita B and Pawar SS

Fluoride (F) is highly electronegative anion with cumulative toxic effects, from prolonged ingestion that can lead to the pathogenesis known as fluorosis. Present study was aim to investigate the effect of sodium fluoride on trace elements such as Zn, Cu , Mn and Fe in brain and liver of rats. Albino rats were divided into four different group control, Group I, Group II, Group III (0.02gm/L, 0.04gm/L, 0.06gm/L) repectively treated with sodium fluoride dissolved in distilled water for 72 days. Trace elements concentration analysed by Atomic absorbtion spectrophoto-meter. In liver and brain level of Zn, Cu and Fe decreased significantly. Mn level shows significantly decreased in liver and significantly increased in brain.

136-138

Authors: Lilhare MU and Pawar SS

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and occurs amongst all races and nationalities. This syndrome is characterized by chronic anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovary, commonly leading to infertility. In the present study, total 216 females were surveyed and analyzed as the percentage of PCOS and non PCOS females with fertility, infertility and obesity. Total 18.98% females had PCOS out of them 24.39% were infertile and 75.60% were fertile. In concern to obesity, total 19.44% women’s had obese out of them 33.33% with PCOS and 66.66% without PCOS. Finally we may conclude that PCOS condition is one of the major clinical factors causing infertility and rarely by obesity.