INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES

1-6

Authors: Khakare RD | Erande MR

India is developing country and in India 64.72% people are depend on agriculture and Indian agriculture is depend on rainfall. Agriculture remains the backbone of the Indian economy through there is fast growth in various sectors. It is not an equal in every year and place. Even this is true though there are some reasons due to which agriculture is still not sustainable. Farmers are facing many difficulties in agriculture. Water management has very much importance in sustainable agricultural development. The effect, need and method are water management on sustainable development is studied in this research paper.

11-17

Authors: Pawar SS, Pawar SG, Deokar TG and Jadhav MG

A fortnightly investigation had been carried out in the intramural environment of Rat House of Educational Complex, Erandwane, Pune from January 2015 to August 2015 to analyze the environmental impact on the incidence, population density, monthly variation, seasonal variation and dynamics of mite fauna to explore biodiversity with constant environmental parameters using simple ‘Pickup Technique’ from husk samples under stereo binocular dissecting microscope. In all 356 mite specimens have been screened, identified and classified into male and females under four genera named as Haemolaelaps glasgowi abbreviated as Hg, Echinolaelaps echidninus abbreviated as Ee belonging to family Laelaptidae and Unidentified (UI1) and (UI2). Interesting findings and catchy specimens have been reported exhibiting fortnightly, monthly and seasonal variation during the study period. Quantitative analysis revealed that Echinolaelaps echidninus (78.36%) has been recorded as dominant species followed by Haemolaelaps glasgowi (20.78% ) and UI1, UI2 have been reported very rare. Percentage of Echinolaelaps echidninus female had been found to be 44.93% which was more than males (33.39% ). The percentage of Haemolaelaps glasgowi male was found to be 11% and 9% of Haemolaelaps glasgowi female has been observed. Also the overall population of Echinolaelaps echidninus has been reported more as compared to Haemolaelaps glasgowi. These mites have been reported during all the months but exhibited impacts of environmental parameters like temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on their population load. Maximum load has been recorded during August 2015 (83/gm) with breeding, egg laying, hatching into larvae, moulting into nymphs and adults while minimum load has been recorded during February 2015 (19/gm).

21-25

Authors: Mhatre Saurabh R and Nanoty Vijay D

Medicinal plants are widely used all over the world for natural medicines. Azadirachta indica are known as “mother medicine of nature”; they have chemical compounds for curing and preventing diseases. These plants have valuable antimicrobial resources and can produce a large number of metabolites which having antibacterial properties, regulating their own growth and development to encourage other organism beneficial to them and suppress organisms that are harmful. Soil microorganism provides an excellent resource for isolation and identification of therapeutically important products; Antimicrobial metabolites were produced by different bacteria present in soil. In present study 21 rhizospheric soil samples of Azadirachta indica were collected from western Vidharbh region of Maharashtra state and were analyzed for presence of bacteria which can produce metabolites, isolation of desired bacteria were carried out by serial dilution method, Total 27 bacteria have been isolated from rhizospheric soil samples and out of 27 only 3 were potent isolates whose have been characterized on the basis of antibiogram test that revealed the activity of isolates, further characterization was done by following the Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Accordingly Azadirachta indica rhizospheric characterized isolates were Sporosarcina, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus epidermis. These potent isolates could be further exploited for the production of metabolites in production media.

29-31

Authors: Jiwatode VR and Barsagade DD

During the post-embryonic development of Indian honey bee, Apis cerana indica, brain undergoes enormous change in its anatomical organization. Brain of fourth and fifth instar larva consist of MNC, LNC, PNC and VNC group of neurosecretory cells. Cell types B, C1, C2 are found in LNC, PNC, and VNC while in MNC all cell types A, B, C1, C2 are found. Variation was observed in distribution and size of cell cytoplasm in each hemisphere of brain of fourth and fifth instar larva.

37-41

Authors: Shelke AD and Wani GP

Metal contamination in freshwater bodies is a matter of serious concern from the human health point of view since many aquatic organisms, particularly fish, form an integral part of the human diet. Labeo rohita is one of the important cultured carp species in Asia. Among the freshwater fishes, carps are most affected to environmental contamination. The reduction of toxic elements in aquatic systems and organisms by acceptable methods is a need of the hour. The effect of spirulina supplementation on reduction of mercuric chloride toxicity based on food utilization was studied in a freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. The fish were divided in to six groups of 10 individuals each and were exposed to 0.12 ppm. (50% 96h LC50 value) of mercuric chloride for 21 days. The results showed that sublethal exposure of Labeo rohita fed with spirulina free diet (T1 groups) significantly reduced the food utilization parameters than those exposed to sublethal level of mercuric chloride and fed Spirulina supplementation diet (T2 - T5 groups).

49-52

Authors: Waghmare Savita Y and Wani GP

In the present study, effects of an insecticide Lancergold on glycogen content in the tissues like liver and gonads of a freshwater fish, Labeo rohita were studied during acute period (24 to 96 hrs). The LC50 value of Lancergold was found to be 3.1ppm for 96 hrs. Fishes were exposed to lethal concentration of Lancergold under laboratory conditions. Then tissues like liver and gonads were removed carefully from the control and experimental groups. These tissues were used for glycogen estimation. Results of the present investigation showed decreased level of glycogen in both the experimental tissues as compared to the control.

59-62

Authors: Magare SR

Mollusca is the largest group of organisms after Arthropoda. Slugs, Semperula maculataare molluscs without shell. Field survey was made from Satpuda Mountain area and Residential / plane area near and around Ranipur dist- Nandurbar during 2014. These slugs are hermaphrodite and lay eggs in clutches. They lay about 25-30 eggs in a chain found in decaying humus or under stones and decaying leaves of surrounding plants in their habitat. Slugs in various habitats were observed with various length and sizes groups. Studies on maturation and correlation of relationship between diameter and standard length of a slug is r²=0.0021 whereas between PH of soil and number in plane area is r²=0.85 and in mountain area is 0.53.

67-71

Authors: Chaudhari Rajeshwar M and Gavit Chhabilal Seva

Vincristine ((C46 H56 N4 O10)) is one of the most widely used effective oncostatic drug. It is an indole-indolin alkaloid from periwinkle plant vincarosea. The drug was administered intravenously to six adult male rats at dose levels of 0.06 and 0.12 mg/KgBW/day respectively. The object of the present work is to study the Vincristine effect on the reproductive accessory gland and testes. Vincristine prevents metastatic growth by preventing the formation of spindle fibers, thereby arresting mitosis without affecting replication of DNA. Vincristine affect on biochemical parameters. The total protein, citric acid and fructose decreased significantly in low dose and high dose treatment as compare to control (P < 0.001)). The body weight and organ weight also significantly decreased in low and high dose regimen as compare to vehicle treated control. From the foregoing mono-therapeutic study, it is concluded that this chemotherapy schedule belongs to the category of anti-gonadotropic and anti-androgenic.

77-81

Authors: Magare SR

Diversity, Ecology and systematic of land molluscan species from Satpuda mountain area was studied during 2014-2015. Study area comprises 20 different sampling stations in about 200 sq. km zone of Satpuda Mountains in North Maharashtra, India. A total of 88 individuals belonging to 11 different species were collected from 20 collection spots in 10 localities. Eight families represent 11 species. A maximum of 03 species represented from Ariophantidae family, 02 from Cerastuidae and only 01 from Endodontidae, Vertiginidae, Pyramidulidae, Subulinidae, Camaenidae and Veronicellidae. Changes in species composition and abundance are related to natural forest site variations area (FA) and inresidential area in satpuda mountains (RA). The Shannon’s diversity index shows maximum diversity index with 11 numbers of species is 2.13 in Forest area (FA) and 2.15 in Residential area (RA). The evenness values calculated statistically are 0.89in FA and 0.90 in RA. Need for biodiversity conservation is emphasized. These land mollusks are quite common in humified areas among Satpuda, mountain belts.

85-88

Authors: Lokhande SC, Nikam SV, Sontakke TA, Bandar VA and Bansode VK

The majority of protozoan species are free living, and they are indicators of pollution. Free living protozoan can be found throughout the environment and are particularly abundant in soil and water. A study had been undertaken on the soil protozoan fauna of Paithan. During the present study Euplotes eurystomus species was recorded in Paithan district. The morphology of Euplotes eurystomus species was investigated using living observations at light microscopic level and by staining method. Additional data and details on the morphology of Euplotes eurystomus described and illustrated. This paper is helpful for their identification of Euplotes eurystomus.

92-94

Authors: Sontakke TA, Kanse VS, Bansode VK, Lokahnde SC and Nikam SV

Coccidian infections were studied in the Omerga region during the period of six months. 127 fecal samples of sheep were collected from different villages. Total samples were examined out of which 92 Samples are positive and there percentage is 72.45 %. The relative prevalence of the sheep was analyzed.

98-100

Authors: Suryawanshi RB1 and Kalse AT

The present investigation deals with taxonomic studies of mammalian tapeworm of genus Avitellina, viz. A. ali n. sp. collected from the host Capra hircusat Dhule (M.S.) India. The present worm comes closer to all the known species to the genus Avitellina in general topography of organ but differs due to scolex medium, globular, suckers large, oval, neck long, mature segment 27 and half times broader than long, testes oval ,medium, 6-10 in number, outer column 1-2, inner column 2-3 testes, cirrus pouch medium, cylindrical, vas deferens thin, medium, ovary medium, oval, vagina posterior to cirrus pouch, vitelline gland absent, genital pore irregularly alternate, gravid segments show one par uterine organ, containing eggs

104-106

Authors: Dhande Abhishek R*, Patil Sushan K and Bhavsar KR

The Baya weaver is known for its beautiful and delicate nests hanging on various platforms. An attempt was made to study morphometry of Baya weaver hanging from various places in Chalisgaon tehsil. Seven variables namely suspension, nest length, brood chamber, nest depth, threshold, etc. taken and weight were measured of both complete and incomplete nest. The statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA showed that complete nest differed insignificantly [p<0.05] from that of incomplete ones. A total of 33 nests (7 Complete and 26 incomplete) were studied.

109-114

Authors: Wadaskar SB, Manwatkar VG and Gogle DP

The available food resources are always remaining to be constrained for the ever increasing population. Hence the non-conventional food resourced is to be considered in the coming year. The present study includesgreen foliages from 7 plants to prepare leaf protein concentrate viz., Berseem (Trifoliuma lexandriumL.), Alysicarpus vaginalis L. var. stocksii., Alternanthera paronychioides St. Hil., Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata), Radish (Raphanus sativusL.), Adulsa (Adhatoda vasica Nees.), and Bauchi (Psoralia corylifolia L.). The selected plants were fractionated and subjected to prepare LPC as suggested by Pirie (1971). The maximum yield of juice and fiber are reported in green foliages of Brassica oleracea L. (550 ml/Kg) and Alysicarpus vaginalis L.(540 g/Kg) respectively. Maximum dry weight of juice and DPJ was reported in green foliage of Adhatoda vasica Nees. (120 and 70.22 g respectively) Maximum dry weight of fiber was reported in green foliage of Alysicarpus vaginalis L. (305 g). Maximum dry weight of LPC was reported in green foliages of Psoralia corylifolia L. (80.52 g).

119-122

Authors: Patil MS, Baviskar PS and Ahirrao AP

The present research work was carried out to study the phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and pesticidal activity in root,stem and leaves extract of Parthenium hysterophorus. This study was conducted during 2013 to 2015. The extraction was done by using soxhlet apparatus and studied the phytochemical screening for alkaloids, cholesterols, flavinoids, terpenoids, diterpines, saponins, phenol resins, tannins and cardiac glycosides. In antimicrobial activity it was concluded that P. hysterophorus shows highest antimicrobial activity 12.66 mm in Lactobacillus sporogense and least antimicrobial activity recorded in stem extract in Staphylococcus aureus measured 3 mm. and pesticidal activity against Tribolium sp.and Oryzaephilus sp. And in pesticidal activity the l extract of p. Extract of P. hysterophorus shows significant lethal effect against Tribolium sp. and Oryzaephilus sp. The 50% lethal effect shows at a 6% conc. in a root and stem extracts. While in a root extract it’s at 8% concentration.

127-135

Authors: Lohar DN and Korekar SL

Study of algal diversity is an important aspect of environmental studies. Algae are present in almost all aquatic habitats. There are very few reports of study of algal diversity from Sangli District of Maharashtra state. However, these studies were carried out in very limited localities. Therefore the present study is important from collection of database of algal diversity in this District. Algal taxa of Sangli District were studied during the present investigation, carried out between the years 2009-2012. For this study, 4 water tanks Viz. Chandoli (CH), Morna (MR), Siddhewadi (SD) and Basappawadi (BS) was selected from different talukas of the District having varied rainfall. The precincts of Chandoli and Morna receives comparatively high rainfall (over 1300 mm/year); while Siddhewadi and Basappwadi areas receive comparatively low rainfall (about 300mm/year). In all 51 Chlorophytes were recorded, which includes benthic, planktonic, floating and some epiphytic species.

141-143

Authors: Bhosale YM, Zambre SP and Kalse AT

Extract of leaves of the Argemone maxicana was tested against the infestation of Callosobruchus chinensis for the protection of the grains Phaseolusa conitipholeus. Aqueous extract was found to be very effective in protecting the damage caused by Callosobruchus chinensis to the grains of Phaseolusa conitipholeus. Loss of weight 3.7%and the loss of protein contents in the total grains of Phaseolusa conitipholeus2.6% were effectively reduced in grains treated with at 1.2 ml/kg. Dose concentration at the rate of 25 gms Phaseolusa conitifolius grains. Aqueous extract of leaves of Argemone maxicana was effective so it can be used for the protection of the Phaseolusa conitifolius and other pulses grains during storage.

147-149

Authors: Nikam Sadhana S

Phytogeographical elements are fundamental for understanding flora of any area. Geographical elements are the real base for subdividing flora into different floral elements. It is clear that floristic work is incomplete without an account of floral elements of an area. There are various types of floral elements occur in Patnadevi forest. These floral elements are such as Indian, Indo-Malayan, Tropical African - Indian, Indo-Malayan Chinese, Tropical Asian, Cosmopolitan, Indo-Malayan-Australian, Pantropics, Paleotropics, Exotic, Mediterranian, Perso - Arabian and Sudano-Deccanianin decresing order and their percentage is also different. Introduction of Exotic elements and their occuranceis more and it is alarming signal to the natural flora. Analysis of a flora of Panadevi forest in such a way indicate status of a forest and such type of analysis is also essential for origin and development of a flora.

153-156

Authors: Kohchale SR and Raja IA

After Thallassemia sickle cell anemia is the major hemoglobinopathy in India. It is common autosomal recessive disease due to single nucleotide substitution (GTG-GAG). Observational study was conducted to determine the hematological values of sickle cell subjects and patients from April 2010 to April 2012. 27 carrier subjects (heterozygous Hb-AS) and 24 sufferers (homozygous -HB-SS) were studied at steady state. Our study shown Reduction in level of RBC, MCV, Hemocrit, MCH, low level of platelet found in the patients with Hb-SS pattern as compared to the Hb-AS subjects. MCHC found normal with increased level of RDW% presenting the symptoms of crisis, the mean hemoglobin found significantly lower in SS patient as compared to Hb-AS subjects this difference is because of presence of HB- A in sickle cell traits which causes less number of RBCs to undergo sickling and further hemolysis, while in Hb-SS subjects promotes sickling and increased rate of RBC destruction leading to profound anaemia. Total WBC count and differential leukocyte count showed normal to elevated in both Hb-AS subjects, as well as Hb-SS subjects.