Radovi Zavoda za znanstvenoistraživački i umjetnički rad u Bjelovaru

1-9

Authors: Dubravko Habek

The subject matter is Maria Theresa's policy oriented towards health reforms and positive demography across the Danube Monarchy, which included Bjelovar, a city that Empress Maria Theresa had built in the very centre of the Varaždin Generalate in 1756. This policy consisted of the legalization of medical experts’ education, and the establishment of hospitals and xenodochia based on legal acts covering public health issues, and numerous community regulations. These documents were the key fundament of the later legal health regulations. Before the founding of the city of Bjelovar, there existed no organized or professional healthcare. However, after the founding of the city, legal health regulations were implemented in all components. The first hospital in the city, which still operates today, was established; company sanitary stations with surgeons and company midwives were formed across the Generalate; the first pharmacies were opened; xenodochia (lazarettos) were established in the outskirts of the city as quarantines of a kind; many educated health workers of regulated professions were active in the city and its surroundings: medical doctors (doctors of medicine), junior and senior surgeons, pharmacists, midwives, medical assistants, and nurses. The geographical position of the Varaždin Generalate and Bjelovar, far from active battlefields and the Habsburg-Ottoman border, ensured – thanks to the implementation of regulations covering public health issues – safer public health and the development of healthcare and medicine. The centralized approach of the Viennese court in the second half of the 18th century exercised influence in this respect.

29-60

Authors: Wollfy Krašić

The paper presents the fundamental guidelines issued by the reform part of the Croatian state-party leadership in the early 1970s regarding the issue of the increasing number of labour migrants from the Socialist Republic of Croatia in Western Europe. In this context, an analysis of the aforementioned trend within the Communist Party of Croatia was made, which was oriented towards spreading the autonomy of the Socialist Republic of Croatia within Yugoslavia. It limited the introduction of market mechanisms in the Yugoslav economy, and abolished the patterns of operation and behaviour of state-party officials, the roots of which lied in the Yugoslav unitarism or the idea of Greater Serbia. Since the reform movement had been ended in Croatia by force, it was not even attempted to implement a part of the planned policies. Although several policies continued to be advocated, there was no genuine wish or possibility for the implementation. For the purposes of comparison, the paper illustrates – using selected documents from the second half of the 1970s and the 1980s – the relationship of the Yugoslav communist regime to labour migrants, in particular the ones from the Socialist Republic of Croatia, and the main characteristics of the return-emigrant trends in the labour migrant population on the relation Yugoslavia – Western Europe. Nevertheless, in this period, further mass exodus was halted, and even a part of labour migrants returned. This was what the reform part of the Croatian state-party leadership strived to achieve, yet the principal reason lied in the suppressing factors in Western Europe. On the other hand, however, those labour migrants, who managed to keep/get employment in Western Europe in the midst of crisis, were joined by their family members. This radically reduced their chance of return. The Yugoslav authorities claimed in public, and their officials in many closed meetings, how very dedicated they were to the return of labour migrants, although the regime suffered from major difficulties in the context of employment, even of the persons who were forced to return. During the 1960s and in the early 1970s, the Yugoslav diplomatic, consular and other officials abroad continued to maltreat, humiliate and deprive labour migrants of the Croatian nationality of the recognition of their national identity.

77-97

Authors: Lidija Nikolić

The paper examines the risk of academic music education for the health of students, and the inclusion of adequate health education for music students in study programmes at music academies in the Republic of Croatia. Results of contemporary scientific research have shown that young musicians, included in specialized music education, begin as early as in their childhood suffering from physical and mental problems connected with performing music. These problems escalate at the beginning of their studies. Frequent occurrence of physical and mental problems among students and professional musicians shows that engaging in highly skilled music presents a risk in the context of the health of musicians-performers. The analysis of study programmes for musicians-performers conducted at music academies in Croatia (N = 51) has shown that there exist neither courses nor any consistence regarding the set study outcomes in other study programme courses, which cover health education. The academic education of future music professionals and pedagogues in Croatia includes no necessary courses either for the preservation of physical and mental health or for the prevention of professional illnesses. Expressed is the need for conducting empirical research of the presence of health problems and education of students regarding potential health risks, and ways to seek advice and help. Results of this research and the proposed empirical research among students of music might be helpful in connection with raising awareness of the importance of the health education of future professional musicians and music pedagogues. They might furthermore be of help in the context of the implementation of a systematic education aimed at the preservation of the physical and mental health of students of music academies.

141-150

Authors: Dubravko Habek; Ivana Horbec

The paper presents professional and personal information on head surgeon Johann (Ivan) Bönisch, who was active in Bjelovar as hospital surgeon and district physician. He worked as head surgeon with permanent office in both regiments belonging to Bjelovar – first in Đurđevac, and later in Križevci. The paper includes the integral letter Bönisch sent to his wife Julia in translation from the German language. The letter was written in 1849 in the Sirmium battlefield, where he worked as battalion surgeon. Using emotional literary expression, he offers information on army activities, and sanitary and military circumstances in battlefields in the mid-19th century.

161-163

Authors: Vladimir Strugar

Surveys and Reviews - Diverse Topics Dedicated to the Festival Kliofest 2022

166-166

Authors: Vladimir Strugar

Kazalo ključnih riječi