Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education

7-10

Authors: Marin Corluka, Dragan Krivokapic, Zoran Milosevic, Bojan Masanovic, Dusko Bjelica

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the level of social inclusion between respondents who are not at all engaged in sports activities and respondents who engage in sports and recreational activities once or twice a week. The sample included 60 subjects 55 to 70 years old divided into two subsamples, 43 respondents who are not at all involved in sports activities and 17 respondents who practice sports and recreational activities once or twice a week. Data were collected using the standardized Social Inclusion Scale questionnaire which respondents are voluntarily applied. To determine the significance of differences in the degree of social involvement between groups, was used t-test at the level of significance of p <0.05. It was concluded, based on these results, that significant difference is not found neither for one pairs in the system of comparable parameters.

15-19

Authors: Jovan Gardasevic, Dusko Bjelica, Ivan Vasiljevic, Marin Corluka

The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the football players of the football club in Bosnia and Herzegovina, CSC Zrinjski Mostar and the football players of the football club in Montenegro FC Sutjeska Niksic, in the anthropometric characteristics and body composition. A sample of 51 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the subjects consisted of 28 football players of CSC Zrinjski Mostar of the average age 24.36±4.14, the champions of the Bosnia and Herzegovina in the season 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 23 players of FC Sutjeska Niksic of the average age of 21.69±4.30, the winner of the Cup of Montenegro in the season 2016/17. Football players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season 2016/17. Anthropometric characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 10 variables: body height, body weight, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, skinfold of the back, abdominal skinfold, body mass index, fat percentage and muscle mass. The significance of the differences between the football players of the top two football clubs in the Anthropometric characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that the football players of the two mentioned clubs have statistically significant differences by the three variables that estimate the waist circumference, triceps skinfold and skinfold of the back, in a favor of FC Sutjeska Niksic.

27-32

Authors: Milena Mitrovic, Katarina Dragutinovic

Physical Education as an school subject has a great influence on the development of psycho-physical abilities of children. In view of this, it is important to know what the attitude of students towards the teaching of Physical Education is. The aim of our research was to determine exactly what the attitudes of the junior schoolchildrens toward the teaching of Physical Education are in the function of improving or changing the teaching process. We tried to answer the question using anonymous standardized questionnaires adapted to this research. The research involved 327 students of the 4th and 5th grade primary schools from Podgorica and Niksic. The results showed that almost all students are eager to attend classes of Physical Education, which they are very pleased to consider contributing to their health and physical development, as well as the development of friendship, strength, care, value and endurance. Most students believe that Physical Education is as important as other subjects, and that Physical Education is best performed in a schoolroom. A large number of pupils would also not change anything compared to the previous lessons. As far as favorite sports are concerned boys traditionally prefer to play football, while girls are more oriented towards volleyball, handball, rhythmic and gymnastics.

41-45

Authors: Marina Vukotic, Georgi Georgiev

The main goal of this research is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the level of anthropometric indicators among athletes of different sports directions (handball and volleyball players), that is, to determine the differences in the changes in the anthropometric indicators of athletes. The study was conducted on a sample of 50 subjects, a male gender divided into two subsample, 25 handball players and 25 volleyball players aged 13-15. In this study, 12 anthropometric variables were tested: body height, arm length, leg length, knee diameter, bicrystalline range, bichromium range, body mass, median volume of the thorax, circumference, upper abdomen, skin abdomen and skin set of lower legs. For all applied variables, the central and dispersion parameters as well as measures of asymmetry and flattening were calculated, and the distribution normality was verified by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. T-test was applied to verify that the system of applied variables has statistically quantitative differences between groups. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that there are statistically significant differences in anthropometric indicators in athletes of different sports orientations. This research can be used by trainers who realize training programs with these and other athletes in order to achieve better results.

53-60

Authors: Yang Zhang, Stevo Popovic, Dusko Bjelica

Damage to the spinal cord results in malfunction of sympathetic pathways, which consequently influences thermoregulation during exercise. A consensus view is that athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at a heightened thermal strain than the able-bodied athletes. However, a number of studies have reported similar increases in core body temperature in both populations. This study presented an up-to-date review of core body temperature response to exercise, from a meta-analytic point of view. Inclusion criteria were persons with SCI and control population (either healthy persons or wheelchair athletes without SCI) completed an exercise trial and their core body temperature responses were recorded under the same environmental conditions. Effect of SCI on thermoregulatory capabilities was quantified as raw mean core body temperature difference. Twelve studies examining 100 persons with SCI (Cervical (C2) to Lumbar (L5)) and 97 persons without SCI were meta-analyzed. The exercise interventions were submaximal exercise and the unweighted means ± standard deviations heat index and exercise duration were 31.5±11.9°C and 57±20 min, respectively. Regardless of injury, core body temperature was not different: raw mean difference, 0.048°C; 95% confidence interval, -0.12°C to 0.22°C. In conclusion, under SCI sport-specific exercise and environmental conditions, SCI does not produce outsized thermoregulatory impact, though the influence could be variable as a result of different lesion levels.

11-15

Authors: Marin Corluka, Dusko Bjelica, Jovan Gardasevic, Ivan Vasiljevic

The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the top soccer players of the club in Bosnia and Herzegovina, CSC Zrinjski Mostar and the top soccer players of the club in Montenegro FC Buducnost, the champions in their countries, in the anthropometric characteristics and body composition. A sample of 58 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the subjects consisted of 28 soccer players of CSC Zrinjski Mostar of the average age 24.36±4.14, the champions of the Bosnia and Herzegovina in the season 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 30 soccer players of FC Buducnost of the average age 22.73±4.33, the champions of the Montenegro Championship in the season 2016/17. Soccer players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season 2016/17. Anthropometric characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 10 variables: body height, body weight, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, skinfold of the back, abdominal skinfold, body mass index, fat percentage and muscle mass. The standard central and dispersion parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the players of the top two soccer clubs in the Anthropometric characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that the soccer players of the two mentioned clubs have statistically significant differences by the three variables that estimate the waist circumference, biceps skinfold and abdominal skinfold, in a favor of CSC Zrinjski Mostar.

21-24

Authors: Bojan Masanovic

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the level of social inclusion between respondents who are not at all engaged in sports activities and respondents who engage in sports and recreational activities once or twice a week. The sample included 60 subjects divided into two subsamples, 35 respondents who are not at all involved in sports activities and 25 respondents who practice sports and recreational activities once or twice a week. For research purposes, respondents voluntarily applied to the standardized Social Inclusion Scale questionnaire. To determine the significance of differences in the degree of social involvement between groups, was used t-test at the level of significance of p <0.05. It was concluded, based on these results, that between pairs of individual entities, a significant difference exists only in the fourteenth question (I have friends I see or talk to every week). There is no statistically significant difference for the other 17 pairs in the system of comparable parameters.

31-35

Authors: Miomir Maros, Tamara Djukic

In this paper we will examine the study of sports journalism in our country and in the world. In the United States there is sports journalism as a special study program at faculties of journalism, it lasts for four years and it is represented at well-known universities. It takes two years to acquire a master’s degree. Their studies include subjects about sports discipline, besides multimedia subjects, and obligatory professional practice. In England, the biggest difference is that obtaining a bachelor’s degree requires three years of schooling. In the region, there is a study programs of sports journalism at the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education in Niksic since 2007, as well as at a private University Union in Belgrade. Many leading journalists in sports and informative journalism studied at the Faculty in Niksic. Regarding to the region, while we were analyzing the study program in Niksic, we noticed a greater number of subjects in sports science than in journalism. The number of sports subjects is almost symbolically smaller at the Belgrade University. Unlike before, the Montenegrin study program is now academic and free for students enrolled regularly, who study together with sports trainers for the first two years, and in the third year they choose a sports journalist module.

43-47

Authors: Pavle Malovic

Sport Mont is electronic and printed scientific journal and also official journal of Montenegrin Sports academy which was established 2003. SMJ is published three times a year by the Montenegrin sport academy (MSA) and in it is possible to find more than 1400 papers from various fields of sport science from word wide known scientists. In last three years more than 100 papers are published in this journal. Lecturers from Faculty for sport and physical education published 28 papers in mentioned period and in this research were analysed and classified papers of following fields of sport science: anthropology, sport training, management and marketing in sport, sports physiology, theory of sport and physical culture, history of sport, nutrition and other areas of sport. Papers have been classified according to the scientific fields they belong to and the most published papers are from anthropology field of science (15). Interesting to mention is that lecturers with the most and the same number of published articles are Jovan Gardasevic and Bojan Masanovic who have 12 each (22,67%) published articles. This research can be useful for further theoretical research, as well as for theoreticians.

55-58

Authors: Ivana Bavcevic

The article is providing highlights of the 16th Annual International Scientific Conference ‘Sport, Physical Activity and Health: Contemporary Perspectives’, hosted by the Montenegrin Sports Academy. The event was held on April 4-7, 2019 in Dubrovnik, Croatia. The conference provided space for presentation research papers and related discussion, as well as for poster sessions. Besides welcoming invited speakers it also hosted CEEPUS Training School for students. The participants of the conference were welcomed by Professor Doctor Stevo Popovic, dean of the Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, as well as by Dusko Simonovic, president of the Montenegrin Olympic Committee. The conference was officially opened in the large conference hall of the Hotel Croatia in Cavtat by rector of the University of Montenegro, Danilo Nikolic. This prestigious event gathered 364 authors and 223 participants, coming from almost 50 countries.

9-13

Authors: Bojan Masanovic, Dusko Bjelica, Marin Corluka

The aim of this study was to obtain the relevant knowledge about significant differences in some anthropometric characteristics of junior soccer and volleyball players. The sample included 39 male subjects divided into two subsamples, 25 soccer players and 14 volleyball players. The variables sample included 20 anthropometric measures that defined longitudinal and transversal dimensionality of skeleton, volume and mass of the body, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The results were analysed in a statistical procedure marked as a significance testing of two arithmetic means of the independent samples, a t-test at the level of significance of p<0.05. It was concluded, based on these results, that significant differences occur in body height, body weight, elbow diameter, wrist diameter, ankle joint diameter, lower arm circumference (max), lower leg circumference (max) and abdomen skinfold, while the significant difference does not occur in knee diameter, upper arm circumference (min), upper arm circumference (max), lower arm circumference (min), upper leg circumference (min), upper leg circumference (max), lower leg circumference (min), upper arm skinfolf, lower arm skinfold, thigh skinfold, calf skinfold and chest skinfold. Therefore, these findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and suggest them to follow recent selection process methods and to be more careful during the process of talent identification.

19-23

Authors: Marina Vukotic, Georgi Georgiev

The main goal of this research is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the level of anthropometric indicators among athletes of different sports directions (basketball and handball players), that is, to determine the differences in the changes in the anthropometric indicators of athletes. In accordance with the goal, a transversal study was conducted in which the empirical and statistical methods were applied, and the research technique was testing. The study was conducted on a sample of 50 subjects, a male gender divided into two subunits, an age range of 13 to 15 years. In this study, 12 anthropometric variables were tested: body height, arm length, leg length, knee diameter, bicrystalline range, bichromium range, body mass, median volume of the thorax, circumference, upper abdomen, skin abdomen and skin set of lower legs. For all applied variables, the central and dispersion parameters as well as measures of asymmetry and flattening were calculated, and the distribution normality was verified by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. T-test was applied to verify that the system of applied variables has statistically quantitative differences between groups. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that there are statistically significant differences in anthropometric indicators in athletes of different sports orientations. This research can be used by trainers who realize training programs with these and other athletes in order to achieve better results.

29-34

Authors: Dusko Bjelica, Jovan Gardasevic, Ivan Vasiljevic, Fitim Arifi, Sami Sermaxhaj

The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the top soccer players of the Montenegrin club FC Mladost and Kosovian club FC Prishtina, in the anthropometric measures and body composition. A sample of 37 examinees is divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the examinees consisted of 17 players of FC Mladost of the average age of 24.59±4.66, the vice champions of the Montenegrin Championship in the season 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 20 players of FC Prishtina of the average age of 24.30±4.99, the vice champions of the Kosovo Championship in the season 2016/17. Soccer players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season 2016/17. Anthropometric measures in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 10 variables: body height, body weight, waist size, triceps skin set, biceps skin set, back skin set, abdominal skin set, body mass index, fat percentage and muscle mass. The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables are calculated. The significance of the differences between the players of the top two soccer clubs in the anthropometric measures and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that the soccer players of the two mentioned clubs have statistically significant differences by the two variables that estimate the body height in a favor of FC Mladost and abdominal skin set in a favor of FC Pristina.

43-47

Authors: Pavle Malovic

The aim of this research was to determine anthropometric indices as indicators of obesity of children in Montenegro. The research involved 135 children from Montenegro and sample of examinees is divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the examinees consisted of 66 boys aged 7-8 years from Nikšić and Kotor, while the other sub-sample consisted of 69 girls also aged 7-8 years from Niksic and Kotor. Anthropometric characteristics were evaluated by a battery of 4 variables: body height, body weight, waist and hip circumference. Mentioned variables were used to calculate following anthropometric indices which gave as informations about obesity: Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables are calculated. The significance of the differences between the children in the ratios was determined by a t-test for small independent samples. It was not found that the children with different gender have statistically significant differences in analyzed ratios as indicators of obesity. Thus, it was found that 16.3% of children were obese and those results will help us to realize that we have to adequately affect on detected problem.

55-60

Authors: Boris Banjevic

Sport Mont is a scientific journal which has been existing since 2003 and it has published a great number of works of renowned scientists in the field of sport sciences and medicine. The journal has been indexed in more international database, it is released three times a year, and the published works are mostly presented on the scientific conference of the Montenegrin Sport Academy. Sport Mont, in addition to the original scientific works, publishes reviews, editorials, short reports, as well as the calls and awards for works in the field of sport sciences and medicine. This work deals with the analysis of the content of published articles in the journal Sport Mont in 2007. They have been sorted according to the scientific fields they belong to, and through discussion, a short overview of the obtained results has been given. This way makes possible an easier search of the mentioned articles for the authors who express their interest for them.

9-12

Authors: Amel Mekic, Faris Rasidagic, Izet Bajramovic, Slavenko Likic, Merima Merdan

The aim of the research is to determine the difference between hydration of the body before and after the judo training. The sample of respondents was boys (N = 30) aged 11-12 years. Body mass (MASS), body mass index (BMI), body fat (FET) and body water (BTW) were measured. The mean values in the second measurement were lower: body weight by 0.6 kg, body mass index by 0.5, body weight for 0.2 kg and body water by 0.8 kg. The trend of decreasing the minimum and maximum values is also noticeable in all treated variables except in the case of maximum values of body fat variables. Statistical significance was confirmed by t-test at p<0.05 in case of body mass index and body weight index, and p<0.01 in case of body water variable. The body fat change was not statistically significant. After the conducted study, it can be concluded that there is a justified need for rehydration during training. In order to maintain the appropriate training intensity, judo coaches should plan organized breaks. Coaches or other trainers of physical activities with the contents of the judo sport are recommended to provide organized breaks during which the course will be rejuvenated.

19-22

Authors: Veljko Vukicevic, Nikola Lukic, Jovanka Mimic

The aim of the study is to evaluate and determine the differences in the status of lower limbs of primary school pupils in primary school. On the sample of 68 respondents, 34 boys and 34 girls, who attended the first grade of the primary school “Ivo Lola Ribar” from Novi Sad, an assessment of the postural status by the method of “Napoleon Wolansky” was carried out with an accent on “X” and “O” the shape of the leg and the holding of the vault of the soles. For the statistical data processing, the non - parametric Hi - square test method was used. The results showed that statistically significant differences were not found, indicating a similar state of the observed segments of the postural status of this sample (p> 0.05). In the leg estimation variables, it can be concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between boys and girls in the segments of the “X” leg (p=0.323), as well as the “O” leg (p=0.555). No statistically significant differences were observed between the subjects of the different sex (p=0.614) nor at the foot of the foot. A slightly higher representation of the good holding of this segment was observed in the sub-girlfriends. The results show that flat feet were represented with 7.48% of the total sample. Based on the results it can be concluded that it is generally necessary to apply preventive exercises and activities in the teaching of physical education, but also to work towards the early diagnosis of these deformities.

29-34

Authors: Katarina Dragutinovic, Milena Mitrovic

The main aim of this research was to determine the differences in attitudes between boys and girls of the fourth grade towards the continuation of physical education. The sample of respondents was 121 pupil of the elementary school “Vuk Karadžić“ from Podgorica. Students are divided into 2 sub-samples according to the gender criterium (74 boys, 47 girls). We used an anonymous standardized questionnaire adapted to this research. The results were processed descriptively and tabulated. A H2 test was used to determine statistically significant differences. The results showed that differences between boys and girls appear only in favorite sports, while in other issues there are no statistically significant differences.

41-45

Authors: Marina Vukotic, Georgi Georgiev

The main goal of this research is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the level of anthropometric indicators among athletes of different sports directions (basketball and volleyball players), that is, to determine the differences in the changes in the anthropometric indicators of athletes. In accordance with the goal, a transversal study was conducted in which the empirical and statistical methods were applied, and the research technique was testing. The study was conducted on a sample of 50 subjects, a male sex divided into two subunits, an age range of 13 to 15 years. In this study, 12 anthropometric variables were tested: body height, arm length, leg length, knee diameter, bicrystalline range, bichromium range, body mass, median volume of the thorax, circumference, upper abdomen, skin abdomen and skin set of lower legs. For all applied variables, the central and dispersion parameters as well as measures of asymmetry and flattening were calculated, and the distribution normality was verified by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. T-test was applied to verify that the system of applied variables has statistically quantitative differences between groups. For the determination of the differences between the group of variables and the group of subjects, discriminatory. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that there are statistically significant differences in anthropometric indicators in athletes of different sports orientations. This research can be used by trainers who realize training programs with these and other athletes in order to achieve better results.

55-57

Authors: Jovan Gardasevic

The main goal of the research was to make one Meta-analyze of original scientific papers, who dealt with the identification on the sport balls repulsion depending on the pressure within. Sport balls of standard dimensions was released on the flat solid surface from the height of nine meters for four times. At the first release the air in the sport balls was under prescribed pressure. At the second release the pressure in the pumped sport balls is reduced by 5%, at the third reduced by an additional 5%, at the fourth reduced by another 5%. The setting of the experiment was carried by cinema shooting of free fall of the prescribed sport balls and a series of rebounds after the rejection of solid surfaces. One can conclude that the distance crossed and the total duration of four successive bouncing mostly dependent on inner pressure. In this study, the initial speed of a sport ball were unchanged and only inner pressures were changed. It was determined how much the height of the rebound is reduced and the duration of the rebound, respectively, depending on the reduction of inner pressure. This Meta-analyze shows that the initial speed of the ball can be increased by increasing the inner pressure in the balls.