Vestnik of Vitebsk State Technological University

9-17

Authors: Ledeneva Irina

The object of the research is felt materials and those used for shoe lining: leather, faux fur, baize, fabrics with a membrane coating. The subject of the study is the physical and mechanical properties of felts for the shoe upper and material packages. The main goal of the work is to study the effect of the fibrous composition of the felt and the type of lining on the properties of the shoe upper packages made of materials with a chaotic structure. In the course of the study, the influence of the lining on the shape stability of the shoe upper made of thin felts was evaluated. The analysis of the results was also carried out, which made it possible to draw conclusions about the feasibility of using an alternative technical fine-wool felt in the production of shoes. In the course of the study, the influence of lining materials made from felt of different fibrous composition on the formability, dimensional stability; technological parameters for performing tightening and lasting operations of the shoe upper were determined. This enables to predict the behavior of shoes with felt uppers on the lining, depending on the purpose and service life. The purpose of the research is to ensure that, when developing a technology for manufacturing shoes from materials with an anisotropic chaotic structure, using digitalization, requirements of the parameters of the targeted design of the technological process are followed, considering the purpose of the shoe, the season and the conditions of its use. The results of this study are intended for use in the footwear industry.

26-35

Authors: Sadovski Victor, Bazylchuk Tatsiana

The article discusses the conducted research, the purpose of which was to assess the effect of drying- thermal fixation on the breathability and relaxation processes of half-woollen worsted fabrics for costume purposes of different densities on the base and weft, with different wool and polyester content, and with the insertion of lycra into the weft thread. It was found that when exposed to hot air, the intensity of relaxation of efforts in all the studied tissues increases. The duration of relaxation on the base under the influence of hot air is less than at normal temperature. Across the weft the duration of relaxation varies significantly: in tissues that do not contain lycra, it is also lower, and in tissues containing lycra, on the contrary, higher. The percentage of increased air permeability of fabrics as a result of their thermal fixation can be raised by increasing deformation along the base and weft and the duration of exposure to hot air.

49-58

Authors: Skobova Natallia, Yasinskaya Natallia, Vorobyova Anna

The moisture-regulating properties of knitted fabrics are important factors that determine not only comfort, but also the characteristics of functional clothing. Double-layer knitted fabrics are used because of their unique transport properties such as vapor permeability, breathability, moisture transfer properties. Double-layer knitted structures of a combined weave based on an eraser were developed on a double-loop circular knitting machine using functional threads in one of the layers: with a moisture management function, a microfilament polyester thread (Quick Dry with a linear density of 18.7 tex (f144), a microfilament Soft thread of 16.7 tex (f288)). The vapor permeability and vapor capacity of canvases were studied by the gravimetric method. The kinetic curves of water vapor absorption showed that at the initial stage of research, fabrics with a microfilament thread had a high rate of vapor absorption in a short period of time. Theoretical and experimental dependences of the vapor permeability of fabrics on the time of contact with a source of moisture vapor have been determined. To assess the ability of a two-layer knitted material to conduct moisture through itself, studies were carried out on the evaporation rate of a drop of moisture liquid from the surface of knitted fabrics. It has been determined that the microporous structure of the functional thread layer creates an open evaporation surface area, which reduces the evaporation time; on the curves of the drying rate of knitwear using a Quick Dry thread, the presence of a second critical point is noted, indicating the evaporation of adsorption-bound moisture from the side capillaries of elementary filaments, which slows down the evaporation process. The produced fabrics can be recommended for use as materials for the first and second layers of clothing.

67-76

Authors: Chernikau Ivan, Rzheussky Siarhei, Ryklin Dzmitry

The aim of the work is development of a two-layered nanofibrous material for medicine by electroforming where active (biodegrading) and protective (bioinert) layers are combined. Polyamide-6 and polyvinyl alcohol were chosen as fiber-forming polymers for each layer. Based on the analysis of literature sources, it was decided to use silver nanoparticles as a target component in the active layer. Formulation of spinning solutions was developed for obtaining the two-layered nanofibrous material. The concentration of silver in the final product is determined following the standards and recommendations. Based on this, rational modes for electrospinning equipment were chosen. The analysis of images of the two-layered nanofibrous material structure indicates the presence of a small number of spindle-shaped defects in the layer made from a solution of polyvinyl alcohol with silver particles. The diameters of nanofibers in each layer are measured and it is determined that the distribution of nanofibers by diameter corresponds to the lognormal distribution law. Taking into account the identified features of the electrospinning process and the presence of defects in the structure of the material at the next stage of work it is advisable to determine the possibility of the fiber-forming polymer increasing concentration in the spinning solution. The decision on the need and rational way to adjust the content of silver nanoparticles in the material will be made on the basis of approbation of the material as a wound covering.

90-101

Authors: Ermalovich Karina, Burkin Alexander, Tarutko Konstantin, Groshev Ivan, Doylin Yuri

The object of the study is fiber-filled polymer composite materials made of secondary polyurethanes and dispersed woodworking waste. The subject of the study is the physical and mechanical properties of fiber-filled composite materials. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of the percentage of investment and morphology of wood waste on the physical and mechanical properties of fiber-filled polymer composite materials for the shoe bottom parts. The article studies the parameters of the woodfiber mass used to create fiber-filled composite materials. Polymer composite materials of the leatherette type with a filler content of 0–5.0 wt% were produced, their physical and mechanical properties were investigated. The practical value of the research results consists in producing materials with a certain set of properties that meet the requirements of regulatory documents and are within the framework of traditionally used shoe bottom materials, as well as in establishing prescription and technological capabilities to overcome the factor of natural deterioration of the properties of secondary shoe polyurethane foams by modifying wood-fiber waste. Results of the work are materials of the leatherette type made on the basis of shoe polyurethane foam waste and their physical and investigation of their mechanical properties. Wood fillers in the form of fibrous particles can be considered as inexpensive additives to polyurethane matrices, which, under certain compounding and technological parameters of the composite formation, enable to compensate to some extent for the deterioration of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the recycled PРU. The field of application of the results is the shoe industry.

114-124

Authors: Shtepa Vladimir, Dunai Valeriy, Kireev Sergey, Shikunets Aleksey, Kozyr Aleksey

The object of the research is the environmental safety of textile industries. The purpose of the work is to substantiate schemes for the combined treatment of multicomponent wastewater from textile industries discharged into public sewer networks, taking into account the regulatory requirements for maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in aqueous solutions and minimizing financial costs for the creation of local treatment facilities (LTF). On the basis of the audit of real production, it was found that the indicators of wastewater changed non-stationary and non-linearly in terms of time depending on the range products: in terms of volume; on the quality of wastewater. Methodology and the pilot plant have been developed for conducting research on the treatment general plant and wastewater treatment using FeCl3 coagulation, ozonation, ferrate exposure based on the use of electrochemical reactor; during intensification processes by ultraviolet irradiation and ultrasonic exposure. Analysis of the experimental results showed that in all treated wastewater samples, except for the wastes of the Optima unit, it is possible to effectively reduce pH by introducing acid-containing FeCl3 coagulant. However, the required quality of oxidation organic pollutants in textile production wastewater was achieved only with the use of electrolysis plant by synthesizing ferrate compounds (reduction chemical oxygen demand by almost 7 times). The results made it possible for the first time to substantiate the scheme for the combined treatment of wastewater from textile industries using AOPs technologies and minimizing the use of chemical reagents while reducing the total cost of LTF. It is emphasized that it is promising to create system for collecting information on wastewater disposal.

139-151

Authors: Tarasova Elena

Despite numerous statements from potential investors about the unstable political environment, poorly conceived tax policy, political and economic risks, there is a steady interest in investing in certain sectors of the economy and regions of Russia. The subject of scientific research is the analysis and forecasting of the investment potential of the Smolensk region. The purpose of the scientific research is to develop and justify measures to increase the investment potential of the Smolensk region through the development of a cluster approach. The methodological basis of scientific research consists of analytical methods, study and analysis of the existing research base, creative understanding. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, resolutions and decrees of the Administration of the Smolensk region in the field of investment policy, as well as statistical reporting data on the development of the investment sector in the Smolensk region. The practical significance of scientific research lies in the development of the project "Creation of an industrial and logistics park for the procurement, storage and distribution of raw materials" as the basis for creating a timber cluster in the Smolensk region. It was determined that in the Smolensk region the Department of investment development of the Smolensk region is engaged in the analysis and forecasting of investment potential, which is an executive body of the Smolensk region that performs executive and administrative functions in the field of investment activities; the development of small and medium-sized businesses; the development of international, interregional relations, communications with the Republic of Belarus in the framework of the Treaty on the Establishment of the Union State of 08.12.1999; regional and border cooperation and industry on the territory of the Smolensk region. The Smolensk region, thanks to the available resources, has established itself as an attractive territorial platform for attracting investments. Regional authorities of the Smolensk region in order to attract investment in the region use a variety of mechanisms: legal, organizational and economic. Despite the existing risks from the labor, production, institutional components of the investment potential, competent investment policy of the Smolensk region made it possible to increase the investment rating of the region.

161-170

Authors: Yuelong Zhang

This article discusses the problems of conducting government audits, which include checking the administration itself (government programs). The demand for performance auditing has increased in recent years. This article describes foreign experience in conducting state audits. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of government audit systems used in China with foreign systems implemented in some Western countries and the United States. As a result, a theory of external audit will be built. This analysis is based on information from the Ministry of Finance and National Statistics of China.