Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research

23-34

Authors: Moses C. Ekperiware, Timothy O. Olatayo, Andrew Mayor

The Nigerian economy as at 2016 stands the most population African nation and the most populous black nation on earth with 185,989,640 people with a dominating working age population. The working age population in any nation is sensitive to enduring economic growth. The study examined the dynamic possible behaviours among human capital formation, population structure, and economic growth as a result of increased working age population bracket by additional 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 2.7%, 4%, and 5% in the Nigerian economy, using the vector autoregressive scenario conditional forecasting model. Furthermore, the scenarios of increased working-age bracket by say 2% led to increased population growth rate, school enrolment, government investment in education and health in the country. The 2% increase of working age population led to a fall in economic growth in most of the forecast periods in the country. The increased human capital formation as a result of the working-age bracket acquiring skills is essential indicator of economic development but such knowledge should be tailored towards acquiring requisite skills that will make the working age population directly contributing to economic growth in the country. The forecasting showed that increasing the working-age population in an economy propelled increase in population, human capital formation in the areas of school enrolment, education and health but reduces economic growth in the forecast periods. In conclusion, the dominating working age human resources of Nigeria reduce economic growth (demographic disaster) but such dominating youthful population attracted investment in human capital formation in the country.

45-51

Authors: Rakhmat Himawan, EndraYuafanedi Arifianto, Yeni Sumantri

Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) has been significantly contributing to Indonesia’s East Java province economic development since 1997. To further develop cooperation between the scattered SMEs across East Java, a map of potential SME and their location is needed. For this purpose, clustering method is used in accordance with the Geographic Information System. The potential SME cluster to be developed is determined based on eligibility criteria. Some alternatives are made and used to determine priority clusters for development. Finally, an institutional role model is developed to coordinate those clusters.

60-66

Authors: Shamsul Kamal, Zahari Mohd Amin, Hasnah Hashim, Masitah Ahmad, Marlia Idrus, Mohd Jailani Paiman, Juwahir Ali, Farah Wahieda

In this global area, information are very easy to be access everywhere and anytime because of the internet. Not only that, in this global area which is information been uploaded every second and very fast to be reach on what we want to do. Most of it based on research that been conducted by professional people who have done many kind of research in their lives. But there are also have certain of people who updated the information based on their opinion and what they think are valuable for them but not for anyone. So information ethics are very important especially student who use information every day in their lives. On this research paper, it will reveal what are information ethics and also the justification about the variables that could affect the importance of information ethics among university students. This study helps providing the importance of information ethics in term of student’s privacy of information and intellectual property that is one of factor that contribute to the ethical behavior issues. A few recommendations for future research to observe and investigate what could be done in order to raise more awareness especially to young adults in high school who have different knowledge about information ethics compared to this study’s respondents which are only undergraduate’s students.

78-88

Authors: Eluozo SN, Ezeilo FE

Franciseilla deposit was monitored in predominated wetland location. The study area was found to develop high effective stress in its deposition due the predominance of deltaic clay in the environment. Such deposition in natural wetland location were monitored by applying this modelling approach in order to determine the rate of accumulation and transport of franciseilla due to predominant impermeable deposition in natural wet land. The contaminants experienced high to low concentration; the results range from 6.40E-01-1.85E-08, 1.74E-00-2.10E-02 at distances ranging from 3-42m times ranging from 10-140 days. This implies that there is the tendency of inhibition from impermeable deltaic clay predominant in the formation. Other causes of low deposited concentration are base on some minerals that were found in the formation inhibiting the migration process of the microbes. The developed mathematical model were applied to generate simulation values and compared with experimental results. Both parameters express favorable fits validating the developed model.

95-104

Authors: Jassim Hussein Abdullah Al-Maliky, Abdul-Hussain Yousif Al-Adhub, Najah Abood Hussain

A pilot constructed wetland systems project was constructed during 2015 at the University of Basrah, Iraq. These systems are a vertical subsurface flow system (VSSF), a horizontal subsurface flow system (HSSF) and a surface flow system (SF). These systems were planted with Phragmites australis, Typha domingensis and Certophyllum demersum respectively. It had been operated during 2016 as separated systems. The results recorded a total mean of 78.98% of NH4-N removal efficiency with 78.68% by VSSF, 76.04% by HSSF and 82.20 % by SF. This figure reached 90.58% removal of PO4, with 90.29 by VSSF, 90.18% by HSSF and 92.02 by SF. Also high level of total mean removal efficiency of 95.96% of BOD, the results were 97.65% for VSSF, 97.99% for HSSF and 92.25% for SF. The results indicated that the system was highly effective at removing the target pollutants.

108-121

Authors: Somthawin Khunkhet, Tawun Remsungnen

Rice is the most important cash crop in Thailand. The rice yield depends on quality of rice seed identifying which is very important. Normally, the adulteration of plain rice and sticky rice effect on changing of rice quality which does not meet the needs of market. This study proposes the method of unmilled Jasmine rice 105 identifying (non-destruction) by image processing and fuzzy logic. The images of rice seeds are taken and imported by scanner. The sample groups in this study consist of 1,325 Jasmine rice 105 seeds, Kor Khor 6 sticky rice 1,040 seeds. The traits of unmilled Jasmine rice 105 which is more perimeter than sticky rice which results in the difference of area per the diameter ratio. Besides, the colour of unmilled sticky rice having more intensity will have unequal RGB histogram. The tolerance acceptable tests with two of 300 seeds sample, shows the statistical accept of the difference at 0.05 of significance level. The experiment with sample of 732 seeds, show that 667 seeds could be pure seeds and 65 seeds could be other seed. The 667 of pure rice seeds are correctly identified 656 seeds (98.35%) and 65 of other seeds correctly identified 49 seeds (75.38%)are obtained for the proposed method.

127-132

Authors: F. O. Akinpelu, S. D. Ogundiran

In this paper, the motion of a two dimensional steady flow of a viscous is investigated, electrically conducting, incompressible fluid flowing between porous plates under the influence of an inclined magnetic field. The resulting coupled equation of motion was solved analytically using undetermined coefficient method subject to Beavers-Joseph boundary conditions. The analytic expression for the fluid velocity obtained is expressed in terms of Hartmann Number. The effects of different magnetic inclinations, porous parameters and Hartmann number on the velocity are discussed graphically.

143-151

Authors: Tasie N. Nicholas, F. B. Sigalo, M. A. Alabraba

A study has been conducted on fixed photovoltaic solar panel towards achieving maximum power output. The power output of PV solar panels is examined with different tilt angle (5°, 20°) and oriented towards the north, south, east and west during the month of February and March 2017 in Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria (Latitude = 4.78°N). The open voltage and short circuit current generated with the corresponding ambient temperature was recorded on a daily basis from 09:00 – 16:00 hrs GMT+1 West Africa over the entire measurement period. Horizontal global radiation data recorded from a Nigerian Environmental Climate Observatory Project (NECOP) station at the University was used to calculate the tilted global irradiation on the PV panel. The results showed that for fixed PV panel the maximum power output is when equal to the latitude of the location. It was found that tilting the Photovoltaic panel to equal the latitude of the location will lead to an average power yield of 4.50W (south-facing panel), 3.52W (west-facing panel), 3.51W (east-facing panel), 2.64W (north-facing panel). This value represent about 36 percent increase when compared to 3.11W (south-facing panel), 2.11W (west-facing panel), 2.03W (east-facing panel), 1.80W (north-facing panel) when the angle is further from the latitude. The daily average global tilted irradiation incident on a PV panel is not affected directly by the maximum or minimum temperature of the day but by the difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature of the region.

166-180

Authors: Rahman ML, Hossain ATMS, Terao T, Khan SI

The research paper discusses the changing pattern of climatic conditions (Particularly temperature and rainfall) with health hazards and finally discusses the impact of climatic variability on human health. The study was conducted on the basis of rainfall, temperature and health related disease data. The study revealed that in Tangail district, maximum and minimum temperature had increased and average rainfall had decreased gradually during last 28 years (1987-2014). The study shows that an average annual maximum and minimum temperature increase of 0.460° C and 0.005°C respectively. The long-term changes in annual average rainfall in Tangail is marked by a declining trend in which the slope of regression line is -1.061. It is clearly established that the highest temperature (both maximum and minimum) is found in monsoon season and the second highest is in pre-monsoon season from 1987-2014. By analyzing the health data, it is established that the highest number of patients suffering water borne diseases are in monsoon season for each of the year from 2010 to 2014 and pre-monsoon is the second contributor for increasing the number of patients. So it is observed that increasing the rainfall pattern especially in monsoon season affects to increase the number of patients in the area. Because of the high temperature in pre-monsoon season and the relatively heavy rainfall at the end of pre-monsoon and beginning of monsoon, the waterborne diseases spread rapidly all over the area.

196-205

Authors: Hope Josiah, Ebiwari Wokekoro

This research work ascertained the effect of severance on users’ satisfaction with commercial properties along Ada-George road in Port Harcourt. A population of 325 commercial buildings were severed for road expansion and sample size of 180 commercial properties was randomly selected for questionnaire administration. The primary data were collected from the field using questionnaires which was administered to 180 commercial property users of the severed properties and 155questionnaires were retrieved and duly completed. Frequency distribution table, percentages and pictures were used to present and analyse the data collected. The study found that slightly over half (56.78%) of the respondents were dissatisfied with the commercial properties after severance. It was thus concluded that severance reduced users’ satisfaction of commercial properties in Port Harcourt. The study therefore recommended that Users opinions should be taken into consideration before the acquisition of such properties and whenever part of any building is to be acquired, the whole area of the commercial building should be acquired and paid for in order to reduce some of the litigation that may arise in the process.

212-227

Authors: Mohammed Rawway, Eman M. Zaki, Usama M. Abdul-Raouf, AbdAllah A. Saleh.

Fifty blood, urine, pus and sputum samples were collected from patients suffering from malignancies and receiving chemotherapy at South Egypt Cancer Institute. The antibacterial effects of some antibiotics (amikacin, nitrofurantion, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprime/sulphamethoxole, oxacillin, gentamycin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime and tobramycin) were tested to estimate the most resistant ten isolates, and minimum bactericidal concentration for some of these antibiotics were estimated. The most common multidrug resistant isolates in patients receiving chemotherapy were identified as Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus according to microscopic and biochemical characters and finally confirmed by VITEK 2 System. Alternatives of antibiotics such as plant extract were tested. The isolated bacteria have been tested against ethanolic and cold water plant extract of (marjoram, thyme, lemon peel, and rosemary). Rosemary ethanolic extracts had the high effect on all bacterial isolates. All tested bacteria were sensitive to rosemary, thyme and marjoram while lemon peel had sensitive effect on Gram-negative isolates and intermediate effect on Staph. aureus.

237-244

Authors: B.A. Ibitoye, M. Akinpelu, A.G. Adeogun, A.W. Salami, B.A . Sambo

On most roads in the developing countries road bumps are traffic calming measures to promote orderly traffic moment, control speed and improve safety. However, their presence constitutes great discomfort to drivers while climbing over them. Most of them are not well placed and their irregularity cause vibration of vehicles wheels and tilting impacts on passengers. The objective of this study is to examine the efficiency of road bumps and their contributing factors on the discomfort and safety of motorists. This paper concentrates on the 14 km stretch of the highway linking the State capital; Ilorin city to the Kwara State University, Malete. The Vibsensor software was used to collect data on thirty-two (32) bumps existing along the study road. Questionnaires were also assessed to enquire from road users on the impact of the vibration on their health. The obtained result indicates possible health hazards to various human body organs such as inner ear, eye oscillation and motion sickness. The study also found that sudden hard braking of most speeding drivers on sighting the bumps result in pitching and tilting of occupants and/or may even lead to driver’s loss of control to cause serious accidents when the vehicle run off the road.

264-270

Authors: C. Ukpaka, ThankGod O.

The study presented in this research assessment is to investigate the flow rate through aquifer for an unconfined aquifer of two wells in Obagi Community spanning 2.85km. The Laplace equations of one-dimension flow were solved, considering recharge as functional parameter and model for estimation of flow rate. The flow rate model was evaluated and simulated using concept of finite element method and flow rate at different nodes were determined. Results revealed that as groundwater flow rate moves from zero distance to considered distance through the aquifer, there is reduction in magnitude flow rate by FEM as a results of wide spread of flow rate within the aquifer zone.

280-282

Authors: Karimov A.V., Yodgorova D.M., Abdulkhayev O.A., Rakhmatov A.Z., Kuliyev Sh.M.

We propose a generator of modulated signals on a transistor whose amplitude of the output signal is regulated by the operating voltage and the value of the input signal, and the power of the frequency of the input signal.

291-301

Authors: Brenda Campos, José Luis Aleixandre-Tudó, Francisco Girón, José Luis Aleixandre

Research on viticultural techniques has gained attention for the impact they have in the composition and quality of grapes and wines. This work evaluates the effect of pruning on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Bobal red wines. Four pruning treatments which included winter pruning and green pruning activities were studied. Phenolic content of wines was obtained through analytical procedures and compared between them. Sensory analysis of the wines was made to evaluate the quality of the wines. The treatments showed different results in physicochemical parameters. The control had better phenolic maturity when compared with the rest of the treatments, and thinning showed to improve maturity parameters. Sensory analyses results showed a preference for wines from smaller berries. Modification of berry and wine composition can be achieved by viticultural practices. A change of pruning system on the Bobal variety to a larger number of buds is possible to a certain extent. Thinning is a good practice to increase maturity levels for Bobal variety.

311-317

Authors: Saeid Eslamian, Hajar Fazollahi, Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari, Vijay P. Singh, Nicolas R. Dalezios, Ahmad Sahebi

Today, due to the growing population on the one hand and the shortage of drinking water resources on the other the use of water recycling has grown dramatically. The use of artificial wetlands is one of the wastewater treatment methods its output can be used without problems in the environment or in agriculture. An important issue in these systems the exact knowledge and correct recognition of the type of plant species used in the system. In this study the removal efficiency of nutrients by sedge plant has been investigated in order to determine the possibility of using this plant in artificial wetland system. For this purpose, four cells were considered. The conditions were completely identical in all cells one cell was also considered to have a course of growth with normal water (control cell). After 6 months the plant was sampled and the individual organs and underground samples were tested and the removal efficiency of nutrients was determined. The percentage of nutrient removal by the plant and by the total cell system for sedge was %58.6 N, %35.71 P, %73.64 N, %56.25P, respectively.

326-328

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura

In this short contribution, we discuss a new mathematical structure for standard quantum algorithms. They say a certain property in case of a special function that the relation holds. PACS numbers: 03.67.Ac, 03.67.Lx

340-350

Authors: Barnabé E. DIEME, Saïdou NDAO, Babacar FALL, Papa B. D. THIOUNE, El Hadji B. DIAW

The rainfall in Senegal in general and particularly in the Lower Casamance has long been discussed in terms of drought and its impact on the lives of men.vIndeed, in the 1970s, precipitation is marked by deficits in the order of 25% compared to the average for the period 1950-2015. In the second half of the 1990s, the situation is gradually reversed. The objective of this paper is to study this recent evolution of precipitation in the area. The rainfall data used in this study come from the database of the National Agency of Civil Aviation and Meteorology (ANACIM) and from the reconstruction carried out by DACOSTA [1] in 1986 for the stations of Bignona and Niaguisse on the period 1950-1975.To evaluate changes and trends in rainfall variability, we applied the Pettitt break test [2]. The analysis of rainfall trends with simple parameters (means, extreme values, normal, duration in terms of number of days, precipitated volumes) reveals an increase in precipitation in volume and duration in the Boutoute and Guidel catchment.

359-365

Authors: Akinade Akinwumi E., Ajediti Omolola B.

In this research, a locally sourced clay from Niger-Delta Agbarha clay deposit formation was processed and treated to meet up with API standard specification for drilling fluid. Clay concentrations of 17.5 g, 21.0 g and 24.5 g of the local mud (Agbarha clay) and foreign Bentonite mud was prepared and analyzed using a standard measuring techniques. Laboratory analyses of the Properties of the Sample Mud (Agbarha clay) was compared with that of API Numerical Value Specification before and after beneficiation. The result shows that sample mud Weight, Apparent Viscosity (cp), Plastic Viscosity, Yield Point, Gel Strength (10 sec), Gel Strength (10min) showed values lower or a little short of API minimum numerical value standard while pH, Sand Content and “n” factor give a values that are higher than thatof standard API minimum numerical value after aging for 48 hrs without beneficiation. Therefore, there is a need to beneficiate this local mud sample (Agbarha clay) to meet that of API standard specification. After beneficiation with 5g Hydroxyl Ethyl Cellulose (HEC), the sample mud sand content remains the same; Mud weight, Apparent Viscosity, Plastic Viscosity, Yield Point, Gel Strength(10sec) Gel Strength (10min), “n” factor increased, pH of the mud sample reduced; all to values within API numerical value specification for standard drilling mud. Based on this research, Agbarha clay can therefore be recommended for formulation of drilling mud and can also serve as a substitute to foreign Bentonite mud. This will conserve foreign exchange, generate more employment and also enhance Nigerian local content development in the drilling component of oil and gas industry.

373-383

Authors: Diyakadola D. BAFAI, Moursalou KORIKO, Mohamed SARAKHA, Gado TCHANGBEDJI

The aim of this work is to study the photodegradation of the pesticide chloridazon. The kinetic study under excitation at 254 nm shows that this degradation follows a pseudo-first kinetic order with a correlation coefficient R = 0.99864 and a rate constant of 7.9×10 -3 min-1. Oxygen has an inhibitory effect on chloridazon photodegradation, but our results don’t show pH or presence of inorganic ions effects. The quantum yield of chloridazon degradation is about 9.1x10-5 and depends on the initial concentration of chloridazon. This aspect reflects a multimolecular reactivity of chloridazon. Most of the photoproducts are result of condensation process.

394-399

Authors: Abara Josiah C., Okpala Uche V.

The need for quality, environment friendly and un-interrupted power supply has called for renewable energy as an alternative source. In this work, we studied how to make a flat plate solar collector performance more efficient using water flow, increased number of riser pipes and reduced space between the glass cover and the absorber surface. Water-type collector that use water as heat transfer fluid was adopted. The collectors were mounted independently on a solid surface inclined at angle 30o to the direction of the sun’s radiation at Nekede area in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State. We considered two different peak seasons during the measurement; rainy season during the month of July and dry season during the month of December 2017. A reservoir tank of 150 liter capacity was used and filled with cold water. At the outlet of the reservoir tank was a control tap used to control the flowing water to the flat plate collector. Another empty tank used as the storage tank was mounted 100cm above the collector surface. The solar flat plate collectors were allowed to receive the sun’s radiation for an hour, 8.00 am – 9.00 am before the liquid medium was allowed to flow through the pipes. The tube connected from the cold water tank to the inlet of the collector was adjusted and the tap slightly opened to allow the fluid flow into the pipes. At the outlet of the collector, it was made open to flush out the air that may have occupied the space in the pipes before the water started flowing. This process continued for one hour in intervals of ten minutes each. The temperature of the cold water was measured from the reservoir outlet. These procedures were carried out on the two collectors used. After taken the temperature of the water from the collector outlet, the tube was connected so that the water can be transferred to the storage tank by the natural occurrence. The water in the storage tanks and reservoirs were measured hourly. Figures 1-7 showed the behavior of change in temperature of the fluid and the number of riser pipes in the collector. The outlet temperature was higher than the inlet temperature measured. This explained the absorption of heat by the glazing material at the surface of the flat plate collector and the heat transferred to the liquid medium in the pipes. The fifteen riser pipes have higher temperatures than the ten riser pipes. This expressed retention of heat. Finally, solar collector with more riser pipes gave a better output and higher efficiency at the two seasons.

407-414

Authors: Ali Muhittin ALBORA

In geophysical engineering analysis of the data measured in the field is very important. In the case of potential sources, the wavelet method distinguishes particularly between regional (effects of deeper masses) and residual (effects of near-surface masses). We can think of this as noise analysis. The consequences of undesirable effects on geophysical data are loud for us. If the residual area is required according to the working area, the regional effect on the map obtained here is a disturbing effect for us. This effect must be discarded and the wavelet method is well suited for this task. In this study, synthetic data were distinguished and applied on mine fields as a field study. An important feature of geophysical data is the detection of the boundaries of the underground structure that creates anomalies. For this purpose, the wavelet method can be applied to potential source areas to determine the structure boundaries. In particular, the boundaries of the structure can be determined using the wavelet method's detail coefficients. In boundary detection, we can determine the vertical bounds of the vertical component construction, the horizontal boundary of the horizontal component construction and the corners of the cross-component construction. In this study, the success of the wavelet method is tested on the synthetic samples and then the map of the chromite anomaly map is interpreted as the land data.

427-438

Authors: Neveen B. Abdel-Mageed, Fahmy, W.A.

Subsurface drainage plan is more often than not as per the proportion of punctured territory to add up to surface zone at that point separate between laterals would be concluded by the accessible observational relations. Be that as it may, a few other controlling impacts are typically overlooked, for example, the proportion of punctured region to cross sectional range of the pipe, the impact of punctured pipe width. This paper ponders the impact of beforehand disregarded overseeing parameters on seepage execution and pressure driven movement for punctured channels. Physical Model is constructed at the hydraulics laboratory of Civil Department in Shoubra Faculty of building, Egypt to explore diverse stream administrations, real stream designs, and the impacts of already recognized parameters. The examination uncovered the ideal proportion of zone of apertures that is suggested for the plan, opening inflow limit along the deplete pipe length, and configuration bends that assistance in defining up the limit states of future numerical models. Additionally, conventional plan conditions must be changed in accordance with represent the impact of non-consistency of inflow, to the full streaming channel, along its longitudinal direction.

457-466

Authors: Ukpaka CP, Umah K, Fakrogha JJ

Investigation was conducted to examine the portability of some Ogoni Rivers located in Rivers State for economic utilization. The physicochemical parameters of the River water was measured and the results obtained recorded as shown in the research work presented in this paper. River water from station 1 obtained from Kpor Community (Muor River), station 2 from K-Dere Community (Muorder River), station 3 from Bodo community (Mbaemu River) and station 4 from B-Dere community (Boogu River) were sampled for the following parameters such as pH, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, total solid dissolved, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chlorine, sulphate, nitrate, handness (CaCO3), iron, manganess, total hydrocarbon, total heterotrophic bacteria concentration and the result obtained was compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. The results of the investigation reveals high in concentration on salinity, conductivity, TDS, DO, BOD, chlorine, suphate, hardness, THB for water samples from K-Dere and Bodo as well as the low in pH, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, TDS, chlorine, suphate, nitrate, hardness, manganese, THC for water samples from Kpor and B-Dere. Finally, the research demonstrates the usefulness of the various rivers sampled for economic utilization, since the values obtained are within the limit of the World Health Organization standard.

473-478

Authors: Abdu Zubairu, Abdullahi S. B. Gimba, Wadinda J. Mamza, Bitrus K. Highina

For efficient processes designed to convert lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol, it is imperative to know the composition of the biomass in order to evaluate the available energy that can be recovered from the substrate material. In this work, therefore, a proximate analysis of dry watermelon peel, as well as the watermelon seed was conducted by recourse to the method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC). The results reveled high carbohydrate content at 59.03% for the peel while a slightly moderate carbohydrate content of the seed at 19.45%. We conclude that the water melon peel is a potential reservoir of carbohydrate which can be converted to fermentable sugar in biofuel production.

491-497

Authors: Zahra Ghasemi Siani, Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari, Saeid Eslamian, Mojtaba Pirnazar, Vijay P. Singh, Nicolas R. Dalezios

The exact estimating of snow cover surface and the corresponding equivalent volume of snow water is considered as one of the key and fundamental operations in the field of water resources management, especially in areas where snowfall has a large contribution to atmospheric precipitation. ARCGIS and ENVI4.8 software are used for image processing and analysis. In this study, MODIS images are recognized appropriate due to high temporal resolution (Imaging 2 times a day), proper spatial and spectral resolution and accessibility. NDSI algorithm is used to extract the surface under the snow cover and the results show that the MODIS image and The NDVI index are suitable for preparation snow maps.