International Journal of Dental and Health Sciences

465-466

Authors: Rohit Rai

Periodontal tissue is destroyed in the course of Periodontitis by disproportionate immunologic responses to a triggering agent, such as bacteria in biofilm. It has been reported that molars with furcation involved caused by periodontitis, have a higher rate of periodontal breakdown and respond less favorably to periodontal therapy than molars without furcation involvement or single-rooted teeth. Multirooted teeth offer unique and challenging problems for the periodontist. The furcation area, because of the interrelationships between the size and shape of the teeth, the roots and their alveolar housing, and the varied nature and pattern of periodontal destruction create situations in which routine periodontal procedures are somewhat limited and special procedures are generally required. It has been shown that the best chance for success lies in early recognition and treatment of furcation involvement. Grade II furcation is any involvement of the interradicular bone without a through-and-through ability to probe. Various materials have been used to resolve furcation defect including autografts, demineralised freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBAs), bovine-derived xenografts, barrier membranes and combinations of membranes and bone grafts. Although these regenerative materials are being used today, the introduction of biomimetic agents such as enamel matrix derivatives, platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet-derived growth factor and bone morphogenetic proteins have shown better outcomes in furcation treatment. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), developed in France by Choukroun et al, is a second generation platelet concentrate. Its advantages over the better known platelet-rich plasma (PRP) include ease of preparation/application, minimal expense and lack of biochemical modification (no bovine thrombin or anticoagulant is required). PRF is a strictly autologous fibrin matrix containing a large quantity of platelet and leukocyte cytokines. Resorbable tissue replacement (R.T.R) is a biocompatible synthetic alloplast material of the highest purity. RTR granules have a ß-Tricalcium phosphate crystalline (ß TCP) structure. It is extremely hydrophilic, so it is drawn into the surgical site and can be easily contoured to fill any bony void. This makes RTR ideal for the treatment of periodontal defects, ridge augmentations, and extraction socket therapy (post-extraction ridge preservation). The coronally advanced flap is a simple pedicle flap that can be utilized for root coverage, and does not require graft harvesting. A potential limitation of the coronally advanced flap is the limited gain in the apico-coronal dimension of the keratinized tissue which is an important parameter in preventing the recurrence of gingival recession.

473-482

Authors: M.kanmani,C.Sabarigirinathan,K.Vinayagavel,V.Harisnath,P.Rupkumar,Liya Neha Bipinchandra,G.Sriramaprabu

Introduction: Several techniques have been suggested to improve the accuracy of vinyl polysiloxane impressions. This in vitro study was conducted to compare the accuracy of 1&2 step techniques using various types of spacers. Aim Of The Study: To check the accuracy of two commercially available vinyl poly siloxane impression materials. Methods: A machined standard milled steel die was made to serve as a model. After making several vinyl polysiloxane impressions of the master die, impressions were evaluated for accuracy with the help of travelling microscope. Results: Intra abutment and inter abutment distance were measured with travelling microscope and statistically evaluated. Conclusion: 2 mm coping spacer for wash material produced stone dies with minimal dimensional change compared to other spacer technique Keywords: Putty wash impression technique, Dimensional accuracy, Poly vinyl siloxane material

490-499

Authors: Rodney Littlejohn, William Anderson, Charles Brian Preston ,Thikriat S. Al-Jewair, Sawsan Tabbaa

Objectives: To determine parents/guardians and patients’ satisfaction with various aspects of orthodontic treatment in two private orthodontic practices in the State of New York. Materials and methods: Parents/guardians and patients in two rural private practice settings were asked to anonymously provide their levels of satisfaction with the orthodontic services provided by two independent orthodontists. A total of 51 patient and 49 parent/guardian surveys were completed. Results: Both parents and patients were extremely satisfied with final appearance, smile and arrangement of teeth. All groups indicated they would undergo treatment again and expressed a significant positive influence on self-confidence. Parents/guardians and patients indicated the most difficult aspect of orthodontic treatment was pain during treatment and difficulty in eating. All surveyed indicated high marks with desire to have treatment by an orthodontic specialist as well as extreme satisfaction with the doctor. Conclusions: Although the majority of patients and their parents were satisfied with orthodontic treatment, a small group is not and therefore future studies are warranted to further explore the topic. It is quite significant to all practitioners to evaluate, on an ongoing basis, our patients and parents satisfaction with their orthodontic experience, so that continuous and never-ending improvements can be undertaken. Keywords: Satisfaction; Orthodontic treatment; Motivation; Survey

510-517

Authors: Javid Y Patel

Background: This study is planned to assess the awareness & prevalence of dental caries in school going children of Surat city in order to provide the baseline data for planning and modifying the treatment plan in order to reduce the prevalence of dental caries.The study is designed to include 100 school going children, which will be examined by basic examination instruments and scored according to “WHO” criteria. The sample consisted of 18, 54 and 28 children in the 5-7, 8-10 and 11-13 years of age group. Objective: To assess the awareness & prevalence of dental caries in school going children of Surat city.Dental caries is most prevalent cause of premature loss of tooth, which may sometimes, lead to orthodontic abnormalities and other problems. Materials and Methods:100 children of both the sexes in the age group of 5 to 13 years of Surat city were examined using ‘WHO’ criteria. Among 100 students 52 were boys and 48 were girls and are residing around Thiruvallur. The sample consisted of 18, 54, and 28 children in the 5 to 7, 8 to 10 and 11 to 13 years age group respectively.The subject was examined on dental chair using mouth mirror and explorer under adequate light, prior to examination a questionnaire was filled by the subject, to rule out the personal data and oral hygiene habits.Dental caries were examined by using deft and DMFT indices respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries was high in the age group of 5 to 13 years children.The highest prevalence was seen in the age group of 8 to 10 years compared to 5 to 7 years and 11 to 13 years age groups. Prevalence of dental caries is almost similar in both the sexes. There is not much variation in relation to gender. Keywords: Dental caries, sugar, dental awareness, socioeconomic status.

530-535

Authors: V.Parimala1,A.Meenakshi2,K.Vinayagavel3,C.Sabarigirinathan4,V.Harishnath5,M.Kanmani6,G.Sriramaprabu7,P.Rupkumar 8

An esthetically pleasing appearance of teeth is the best asset for a good smile.Ceramic restorations because of their natural translucency and tooth like color provide excellent esthetics and are virtually indistinguishable from the adjacent natural dentition.The absence of metal layer in all ceramic restorations helps in transmission of light through the full depth of the restoration there by enhancing the translucency creating a life like appearance.Depending upon the clinical demand,both all ceramic and porcelain fused to metal can be used for full veneer crowns.This study is performed to analyze the marginal fit of heat pressed all ceramic crowns and metal ceramic crowns. Keywords: Satisfaction; Orthodontic treatment; Motivation; Survey

545-555

Authors: C.Sabarigirinathan1,K.Vinayagavel2,PratibhaRawat3,P.Rupkumar4,M.Kanmani5,P.A.Manoj Kumar6,G.Sriramaprabu 7,M.Rjakumar 8

Provisional means established for the time being, pending permanent arrangement10, 12. An optimal provisional restoration must satisfy many interrelated factors, which can be classified as biological, mechanical, esthetic10. Flexural strength and marginal integrity are an important mechanical property particularly when patient use provisional restoration for an extended period of time such as for long span bridges and when patient exhibits Para-functional habits. Various materials have been used as a provisional restoration. Poly methyl - methacrylate is most commonly used materials as provisional restorative material. Bis-GMA resins have become popular due to their capability to overcome some of the disadvantages of conventional poly methyl and ethyl methacrylate resins. They are resin composites and represent an improvement over the acrylics as they shrink less, give off less heat during setting, can be polished at chair side. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare marginal integrity of three materials Bis-acryl composite resin, self cure and heat cure acrylic resin and flexural strength of unreinforced Bis –acryl composite with fiber reinforced heat cure and self cure acrylic resins. Keywords: Bis-acryl composite, Glass Fiber, Polyethylene fiber, Heat cure resin, Self cure resin, Flexural strength, Marginal integrity.

572-577

Authors: V.Parimala1,C.Sabarigirinathan2,K.Vinayagavel3,G.Sriramaprabu4, P.Rupkumar5,M.Rajakumar6,Vinaybharti V.Harishnath8,S.Elavarasan9

The smile is one of the most appealing aspects of the human face and is considered to be the very image of the soul. Dr. Charles Land introduced one of the earliest forms of ceramic crowns in 1903.Then the first metal-ceramic crown was described by Brecker in 1956. From its introduction till date,the porcelain fused metal restorations have a long proven record of success because of their good compressive strength,marginal fit,fracture resistance and the versatility to be used for both single crowns and fixed partial dentures.But the esthetic limitations like lack of metal translucency,exposure of metal collar in the anterior region,paved way for all ceramic metal free restorations. This study was performed to compare the ultimate marginal fit of conventional metal ceramic crowns with that of heat pressed all ceramic crowns. Keyword:Marginal Fit,Casting,Ceramic Veneer

588-595

Authors: Mohammad Kashefinejad 1, Mohammadmehdi Shojaeian 2, Maryam Ehsani 3, Seyed Aliasghar Sefidgar 4, Soraya Khafri 5

Aim: One of the pathogens found in dental canals with necrotic pulp is Candida albicans. Teeth with unsuccessful root canal treatment sometime are found to have fungi. As a result, finding irrigation more effective on Candida albicans has a positive impact on treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of BioPure MTAD and lavender extract with nystatin on Candida albicans and to compare their effects. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, after preparation of the materials, Candida albicans was cultured and transferred to liquid BHI medium and its turbidity was set to 0.5 McFarland. In this study, agar diffusion and cell counting methods were used. In agar diffusion method, seven wells were prepared after the culture of fungal suspension on solid BHI medium and the study solutions were added to each of them and after 48 hours, zone of inhibition was measured. In cell counting method in microplates fungal suspension and then drug were added. After 48 hours, the number of fungal cells was counted. The results were analyzed using ANOVA test and LSD. P <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The antifungal activity of BioPure MTAD, lavender extract and nystatin on Candida albicans in both methods was statistically (P <0.001) significant, however BioPure MTAD was statistically more effective than lavender extract and nystatin showed the highest antifungal activity (P <0.001). Conclusion: All materials have antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The antifungal activity of BioPure MTAD is higher than that of lavender extracts against Candida albicans. Keywords: BioPure MTAD, lavender extract, nystatin, Candida albicans, canal irrigant

605-610

Authors: Mustafa .I.Merchant1 ,Rajesh.B.Dhirawani2 ,Semmia Mathivanan3,Bhushan Thakkar4,Niranjan Patil5,Sejal Sardhara6

Biopsy is the gold standard of diagnostic procedures. The use of Biopsy will reduce the complications due to delay or failure to diagnose. The conclusions drawn from the Pathological evaluation of an oral biopsy are considered essential for establishing a definitive diagnosis and thereafter for the subsequent treatment planning. Although biopsy is widely used in all medical fields, the practice is not so frequently used in dental practice - Primarily because of a lack of awareness of the procedure among dental professionals. Therefore the early diagnosis of invasive oral malignancy may be critical for improving the patient prognosis. Our study provides an update on the biopsy sampling techniques, their application and material required for correct sample storage and transport. Keywords: Oral biopsy, Surgical technique, Oral diagnosis.

619-627

Authors: Mamatha.B1,R. Rekha2,G. Radha3,SK Pallavi4

Pregnancy is a special state for a woman, which is associated with a myriad of emotional and physiological changes in different parts of body including oral cavity and dental health. Thus the present review was undertaken to summarize the available information regarding oral health status and treatment needs of pregnant women in various parts, across the world and to discuss possible dental treatment needs during this period. The study was a systematic review of English-language articles indexed in PUBMED and GOOGLE SCHOLAR which was published from the year 2000-2015 with Medical subject heading (MeSH) terms linked with the maternal oral health like Pregnancy and Oral health etc. Of 179 citations, 11 studies met study criteria and were reviewed. Keywords: Pregnancy, Oral health, Treatment needs.

636-639

Authors: Sehrish Ashraf1

Use of natural products in the prevention and treatment of oral conditions could be of benefit to low socio economic level in urban and rural communities.Many side effects associated with conventional drug regime has been averted by using herbal products on oral tissues.Among currently available herbals most popular and currently receiving a lot of scientific attention is Aloe vera and Honey.Honey having an effective antibacterial potential to combat oral pathogen both gram positive and gram negative micro organisms while as Aloe vera enhances defence mechanisms,combat periodontal diseases. Keywords: aloe vera,honey,healing socket.

646-653

Authors: Muhamad Abu-Hussein1, Azzaldeen Abdulgani2 , Bsem Abu Qube3

Regenerative endodontics (revascularization/pulpal regeneration) is one of the most exciting new developments in endodontics. The current American Association of Endodontists defines regenerative endodontics as “biologically-based procedures designed to physiologically replace damaged tooth structures, including dentin and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp-dentin complex.” This case report demonstrates the evidence of continued root growth by the process of revascularization after going through a period of Ca(OH)2 apexification. Key words: Root growth, Revascularization, Necrosed Pulp, Ca(OH)2 regenerative endodontics, MTA

661-668

Authors: Chinnala Sweatha1

Modern dentistry, at the same time increase in awareness among the patients for their dentition maintenance, have increased the treatment of teeth which were once have been removed. In context to present day decree, teeth with advanced bone loss may retained well by removal of single or more of their roots. Present article illustrates a conservative simple procedure for hemisection in mandibular molar and their subsequent restoration. The results obtained with this tooth offer possibility of a successful repair technique for this otherwise hopeless complication of endodontic therapy. Keywords: Hemisection, Furcation, Restoration.

674-680

Authors: Anila Sankaranarayanan1*,Nandakumar Krishnankutty2,Prasanth Dhanapal3, George Jacob M4

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition manifested by enlarged gingival tissues, and can occur as an isolated disease or as part of a syndrome. The condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, which is more common, or as an autosomal recessive trait. This case report reports a case of a 16 year old boy with non-syndromic Hereditary gingival fibromatosis with a probable recessive mode of inheritance, as the patient’s parents reported a history of consanguineous marriage. The fibrotic gingival tissue was removed surgically, sextant wise under local anesthesia. After the surgical procedure the patient’s appearance was considerably improved. The case was followed up for 18 months at regular intervals and there was no evidence of recurrence of the gingival condition. Key words: Consanguinity, Fibromatosis, Gingival, Hereditary

691-694

Authors: Shahnaz Nabi1,Riyaz Farooq2,Aamir Rashid Purra3,Fayaz Ahmad Ahangar4

The success of endodontic treatment depends on dentist’s knowledge about root canal morphology and its possible anatomic variations. Various literature reports indicate majority of mandibular canines have one root and one root canal, but 15% may have two canals, and a smaller number of 1.7% may have two distinct roots. This paper reports two cases of mandibular canines with two roots and two root canals. Key words: Two rooted mandibular canine, Aberrant root canal anatomy, Two root canal

702-709

Authors: Gurav SV*1, Khanna TS2, Ghogre P3

Prosthetic rehabilitation of mandibulectomy patients is challenging because of various anatomical and physiological reasons. In marginal mandibulectomy, even though continuity is preserved, altered soft tissues poses problem in denture placement. Maximum stability of the partial denture base for mandibulectomy patients may be accomplished by the application of the neutral zone concept, which helps in providing stability to the base. This case report describes the fabrication of a removable partial denture for a patient with marginal mandibulectomy using combination of neutral zone technique and altered cast technique. The dentures thus fabricated helped in improving function and esthetic of the patient. Key Words: Marginal Mandibulectomy, Cast partial denture, Neutral Zone, Altered cast technique.