International Journal of Dental and Health Sciences

8

Authors: R.Mensudar1, V.G.Sukumaran2, A. Julius3

Root canal therapy is a highly prevalent treatment option in today’s dental practice. The outcome of endodontic therapy is associated with various factors in order to maintain the quality of root canal treatment standards including both root canal fillings and coronal restorations and individual factors such as dentist knowledge, attitudes and skills. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to gather information about the various aspects, technical and biological methods, materials, and attitudes employed during root canal therapy performed both by the general dental practitioners and endodontists and to compare their choice with established endodontic treatment standards, in order to evaluate and improve the quality of current practice. The results of the present study revealed the attitudes, techniques, materials and methods employed both by the general dentists and the endodontists to perform the root canal therapy. The survey questionnaire is a common instrument used in evaluating health care systems. The major disadvantage of surveys is that often only low response rates are obtained when the questionnaire is posted or mailed. Thus in order to overcome this drawback, in the present study the data was collected by meeting the dentists in person and the response was noted, which eventually overcome the bias also. Within the limitations of the above study, the following trends were identified: Majority of the clinicians establish the apical stop at a level 1 mm from the radiographic apex, the traditional method, which is still followed. Single visit root canal therapy is more common in all type of cases. Low level use of rubber dam for isolation during endodontic therapy was a striking feature noted in both the type of respondents. Keywords: root canal therapy, irrigant, attitude, survey, questionnaire

10

Authors: Sadia Shabbir Jumani1, Gul-E-Erum2, Imtiaz Ahmed3

Introduction: One of the methods to asses vertical facial morphology is to correlate it with the angle formed between the mandibular plane and the SN plane. This study was conducted to determine if there is any relation between dental arch width and vertical facial morphology as determined by the SN-MP angle. Methods: Lateral cephalogram and dental casts were obtained from 100 untreated Pakistani adults (24 males and 76 females) above 18 year old with no cross bite, minimal crowding and spacing. The angle between the anterior cranial base and the mandibular plane was measured on lateral cephalogram of each patient. Dental casts were used to obtain maxillary and mandibular inter canine, inter premolar and inter molar widths, as well as amount of crowding or spacing. Results: The results showed that male arch widths were significantly larger than those of females and there was a significant decrease in inter arch width as the MP-SN angle increased. Keywords: Facial morphology,SN plane.

12

Authors: Renuka G Nagarale1,Girish Nagarale2, Preetha J Shetty3, KVVV Prasad4

Introduction: Prisoner is a person who is deprived of his/her liberty; even though they are deprived of their liberty they are not deprived of their right to maintain good general and oral health. Currently, one under researched area has been the oral health status of prisoners. Aim: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of prisoners in Dharwad district prisons. Methodology: A total of 256 prisoners were examined from two different prisons of Dharwad district. A pro-forma was used to obtain data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, duration of stay in prison, previous dental treatment in prison and oral hygiene habits. The W.H.O. Oral Health Assessment Form (1997) was used to assess the oral health status of the study subjects. Results: 88.28% of prisoners were males and were in the age group of 18-27 years. 47.27% of prisoners were imprisoned for less than 1 year. Prevalence of periodontal disease was 98.5% and dental caries was 82.42%. About 98% of the prisoners did not receive any kind of dental treatment in the prison. 67.19% of subjects needed one surface filling, 18.75% two surface filling, 10.55% pulp care, 31.64% extraction of teeth and 42.58% of study subjects needed replacement of missing teeth. Conclusions: Prisoners were sharing disproportionate burden of oral diseases and there was no provision of oral health services in the prison, hence the study emphasizes the need for oral health programs to improve the oral health of prisoners. Key words: prisoners, oral health, dental treatment in prison, treatment needs

10

Authors: Mohammad Assaf1, Shayma Alshalakh2, Fidaa Aliwaiwi2, Samah Qawasmeh2, Tamara Alaraj2

Aim: To evaluate the distribution of gingival biotype among a young adult population and its correlation with morphometric data related to maxillary central incisors. Methods: Only volunteers with healthy periodontium were included. Clinical parameters for maxillary central incisors were: Crown width/crown length ratio (CW/CL), gingival width (GW), probing depth (PD), and gingival thickness (GT). A periodontal probe was inserted in the midbuccal sulcus of the incisor to visually examine gingival thickness. Results: The overall means for CW/CL, GW, and PD were 0.78 ±0.07, 5.82 ±1.25 mm, and 1.56 ±0.40 mm, respectively. Volunteers with clear thin-scalloped gingiva, the means for CW/CL, GW, and PD were 0.70 ±0.01, 4.85 ±0.84 mm, and 1.52 ±0.50 mm, respectively. Mean values for participants with clear thick-flat gingiva were 0.81 ±0.07, 6.30 ±1.10 mm, and 2.30 ±0.71 mm, respectively. All these values were statistically significant between the thin-scalloped and thick-flat biotypes (p<0.05). Conclusions: Gingival biotype could be determined by uncomplicated clinical examination. The different biotypes are equally distributed between genders and there is an equal chance for a young adult to have a thin-scalloped (27%) or thick-flat (29%) biotype. Correlation is present between thick-flat gingiva and greater values of the clinical parameters CW/CL, GW, and PD. Key words: Gingiva, Gingival biotype, Periodontal health, Periodontal probe.

8

Authors: Pavan T P1 ,Kaleswararao2,Sangeetha Lakshmi B3,Roshan Kumar P4

Background: Comprehensive data on the prosthetic status and dental treatment needs of the elderly population in India is deficient. AIM: To assess the prosthetic status and prosthetic treatment needs among adults aged 50 years and above in and around Bangalore. Material and methods: A cross sectional survey was carried out in and around Bangalore, a total of 784 subjects whose age was 50 years or above were considered for the study. A survey proforma was prepared with the help of Oral Health Assessment Form, WHO (1997) and this modified proforma recorded data on socio-demographic status, prosthetic status and need of the study population. Results: 490 (58.5%) were wearing denture of any type, 149(16.5%) persons were wearing bridge, 169(20.2%) were wearing partial denture in one or both arch,72(21.9%) wearing complete denture in one or both the arch. Total of 546(69.6%) subjects in study population needed prosthetic treatment. It was found that prosthetic treatment need increased with age and highest was among ≥70 years age group. Conclusion: It was evident more than half of the study population is having prosthesis in either arches and around 70% of the subjects have the prosthetic needs. There is an urgent need of looking into the geriatric dental care in Bangalore. Key words: Elderly, Prosthesis,Treatment need.

2

Authors: ROHIT RAI

Nil

2

Authors: Mudit Gupta, Srinivas Kandula, Satheesha BH Reddy

Oral Cancer can occur at young age also and that too without any alarming features Due to varied clinical appearance like this, it can be mistaken for other lesions. Patients should be encouraged for routine oral and dental check up so that oral cancer can be diagnosed in its pre cancer stage and necessary steps can be taken.

5

Authors: Yogesh Chand Rajwar , Nitul Jain, Amit Srivastav, Manu Batra

Supernumerary teeth are a relatively frequent disorder of odontogenesis characterized by an excess number of teeth. The incidence of supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region is high and can lead to midline diastema. Mesiodens are frequently associated with various craniofacial anomalies, including cleft lip and palate, Gardner’s syndrome and cleidocranial dysostosis to name a few. The present case discusses a rare occurrence of a Mesiodens with another supernumerary teeth located palatally, in a 25 year old non- syndromic adult patient. Key words: Mesiodens, Supernumerary teeth, Odontogenesis, Midline diastema

6

Authors: Abhimanyu A Puri ,Geetha Vijay ,Sukanya Rajan

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma is a benign, slow-growing, exophytic lesion occurring on the gingiva. It appears to be far more common than its intraosseous counterpart, central odontogenic fibroma. A case of Peripheral odontogenic fibroma with its clinicopathologic findings are documented here. A 37 year old female patient reported with a chief complaint of swelling in lower right posterior tooth region since 6 months. The lesion was excised and sent for histopathologic evaluation which revealed to be peripheral odontogenic fibroma. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma is the extraosseous variant of the central odontogenic fibroma. It can mimic a variety of reactive lesions and neoplasms and thus requires an excisional biopsy for definitive diagnosis. The lesion exhibits a significant growth potential which should warrant a close follow-up. In the current case report the lesion was excised and no recurrence of the lesion was found in one month follow up. Key words: Peripheral odontogenic fibroma,Excisional biopsy,Central odontogenic fibroma.

10

Authors: Mamta Dali1, Deependra Naulakha2, Laleet Rajbanshi3

Aim: The purpose of the survey is to assess the knowledge and attitude of medical doctors working in Nobel medical college, Biratnagar, towards emergency management of avulsed tooth. Materials and methods: Study design – A cross sectional survey. 46 medical doctors were randomly included in the study and the participation was voluntary. Data regarding the emergency management of avulsed tooth was collected using a self administered questionnaire having questions which were close ended. Results: 56.6% of the medical doctors knew the correct meaning of avulsed tooth. Only few 41.3% had prior knowledge about management of an avulsed tooth and remaining 58.6% were unaware of its management. Out of those, 78.9% acquired the information during their tenure of medical course and for remaining 5.2% the source of information being health talks on television or radio and CDE programes.58.6% choose saline as a best medium to preserve an avulsed tooth, 8.6% choose saliva, 4.3% milk. A very high number of medical professionals didn’t know the ideal time for replantation of an avulsed tooth. Conclusion: The knowledge of medical doctors about avulsion of tooth was fair. It is the responsibility of the dentists to make them aware of the importance of first aid for avulsed tooth with appropriate measures. Therefore, educational training programs should be developed and conducted to improve awareness regarding emergency management of an avulsed tooth. Key words: Avulsed tooth, Attitude, Knowledge, Emergency management, Replantation.

10

Authors: Monika Khangwal, Ravinder Solanki, Amit Bali, Yashanshi Khanna, Davender Kumar, Rajiv Tanwar

Post traumatic facial nerve paralysis is not a common complication. Only 5% of all the facial palsies are due to trauma. Moreover, it is common due to fracture of the temporal bone with transaction or compression of the facial nerve. Less commonly facial paralysis due to isolated mandibular fracture without temporal bone fracture have been reported in literature. Rarely, mandibular fractures can present with concomitant facial nerve injury. In cases where the nerve injury is incomplete or delayed, prognosis is excellent. This article reports a case of delayed onset of facial paralysis with isolated mandibular fracture. Key words: Delayed, Bell's palsy, Mandibular fracture, Aetiology, Trauma

11

Authors: Aasim Farooq Shah, Pradeep Tangade, Manu Batra, Soumik Kabasi

Ergonomics is the science of fitting the task to human capabilities and limitation in order to improve work place safety and productivity. Dental profession is not immune from MSDs or cumulative trauma disorders (CTD). Risk factors for work related MSDs with specific reference to dentistry include stress, poor flexibility, improper positioning, infrequent breaks, repetitive movements, weak postural muscles, prolonged awkward postures and improper adjustment of equipment. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent repetitive strain injuries (RSJ), which can develop over time and can lead to long term disability. This article discusses the important issues of postures and offers different methods to ergonomize the dental operatory so as to work with comfort, efficiency and ease. Key words: Ergonomics, MSD, CTD, Prolonged static postures (PSP).

2

Authors: Rohit Rai

SELF-PLAGIARISM

4

Authors: Rohit Sharma,Sumit Kumar Yadav,Achla Bharti Yadav,Neal Bharat Kedia,Kshitij Jhamb,Alka Kaushik

Use of mini-plates is being used for quite some time in treating facial fractures. However, as with every procedure, this procedure is also associated with various complications, which might be due to failure of compliance on the part of the patient, or iatrogenic. One such iatrogenic complication, which has not been reported so far in the literature, is the placement of the screw in to an otherwise healthy tooth, which later on might even lead to extraction of the tooth. Key words: Iatrogenic injury, Bone Screw, Mini-plate

5

Authors: Sumit Yadav,Davender Kumar ,Achla Bharti Yadav ,Rekha Sharma,Monika khangwal,Parul punia ,Ravinder solanki

One of the most challenging situations in orthodontics is posterior crowding caused by a buccally erupted second permanent molar. The conventional approach, with labial fixed appliances, requires complicated first, second, and third order bends in the arch wire to align the tooth without extruding it. Other possibilities include intra- or interarch latex cross-elastics. Since these mechanics all involve a vertical force vector, however, they can produce unwanted extrusion of the second molar. We have developed a simple chair-side clinical technique for correction of buccal crossbite of maxillary second molar. Key words: Buccal crossbite,Correction,Maxillary Second Molar.

5

Authors: Hakan Kamalak, Mehmet Gökhan Tekin

Traumatic dental injuries occurring to the anterior teeth is a condition frequently encountered. Due to trauma patients are affected both physically and psychologically. Traumatized teeth are being treated with fiber posts, composite build up and crown restoration techniques usually after endodontic treatment. In such cases treatment alone is not enough, should be approached in a multidisciplinary manner. In this case report, fiber post applications and its restoration with composite resin after root canal treatment of crown fracture containing pulp are described. Key words: Trauma, Fiber Posts, Composite Restorations, Trauma Classifications

6

Authors: Sudeep CB , Anzil KS Ali , Vivek S,Ambalavanan P , Vivek Suku Ninan , Fajar Ummer

Introduction: The etiology of dental caries as well as dental erosion share a common back ground that is nature of the saliva. “Good health means good and fresh food” this concept has given way to an alarming increase in the consumption of fruit juices, energy drink and sports drink. Fall in the salivary pH after any dietary intake is a crucial parameter for oral health. With this in mind the following study is proposed to be conducted to determine the difference in pH of saliva, following intake of three types of beverages. Materials and Methods: Stimulated saliva of the subjects was collected in sterile glass bottles after they chewed one gram of paraffin wax prior to the consumption of beverage as a baseline score. Then the subjects were asked to consume assigned beverage and the salivary sample of each subject was collected in separate sterile glass bottles after 2 minute, 5 minute, 10 minute and 15 minute of beverage consumption. Results: In the present study the Beverage (B-3) which is a carbonated beverage showed maximum drop in salivary pH when compared to the other two test drinks. Conclusion: The results suggest that all three available form of beverage caused significant drop in salivary pH. Key words: Fruit juice, Salivary pH, Oral Health, Dental Caries, Dental Erosion

6

Authors: Falcón Guerrero BE

The fusion between molars is a rare anomaly in the permanent dentition, so a literature review was performed in order to understand the present clinical case where a dental fusion between symptomatic retained third molar and a fourth molar is described. Where after clinical evaluation and radiographic study of fused molar extraction is performed Key words: Dental fusion, Third molar, Fourth molar, Surgery.

7

Authors: V Salgotra, S Kohli, R Agrawal, S Mandal

Cancer, one of the most formidable disease affecting mankind today, has not spared any age group, nor has it left untouched any organ of the body. Cancer is a scourge that affects millions of the world population. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Radiation therapy has been used alone, or with the surgery or chemotherapy for the combined treatment modality. The major morbidities associated with radiation therapy are altered taste and permanent xerostomia. To overcome these limitations, new treatment regimens and a variety of new imaging modalities have been incorporated into the radiotherapy planning and delivery process. This paper provides an insight about the advances made in the field of radiation therapy for the management of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Key words: Radiation therapy, oral Cancer, Oropharyngeal cancer, image guided radiation therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy

7

Authors: Dakshayani MB, Yogesh DT,Achla Bharti Yadav,Sumit Kumar Yadav,Vikas Setia,Neal Bharat Kedia

Management of avulsed tooth in the permanent dentition is a critical phase for the prognosis. For successful treatment such cases should be identified and treated immediately. This article gives a detailed immediate management of an avulsed permanent incisor with a follow up of 2yrs. Key words: Injuries, tooth avulsion therapy, tooth replantation.

8

Authors: Soumik Kabasi,Pradeep Tangade,Manu Batra,Aasim Farooq Shah

Tobacco, the world’s biggest preventable killer, described as the single most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with the World Bank predicting over 450 million tobacco-related deaths in the next fifty years. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) emphasizes the vital contribution of participation of health professional bodies, as well as training and healthcare institutions in tobacco control efforts. The WHO programme contains several activities for controlling tobacco-related diseases; importantly, emphasis is given to tobacco prevention activities in schools and development of national and community-based tobacco programmes in low and middle income countries. The Government of India through “The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003” has provisions to prohibit the sale of tobacco products to minors as well as within 100 yards of any educational institution. Even large cigarette tax increases would result in both substantially higher quitting rates and a considerable drop in smoking intensity. Moreover, counseling from a health professional is an effective method of helping patients quit the tobacco habit. Dentists can play an important role in helping patients quit using tobacco. The dental office is an ideal setting for tobacco cessation services since preventive treatment services, oral screening, and patient education have always been a large part of the dental practice. Tobacco cessation activities should be as natural as oral hygiene measures in dental offices. Nevertheless, monitoring of effective planning and execution of programmes by appropriate authorities at regular intervals is vital for successful achievement of the goal of “Tobacco Free Society.” Key words: Tobacco. Tobacco control, India, Community

11

Authors: Nimitt Baldota,Vikas Bendgude

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare three different formulation of calcium hydroxide materials commonly used for filling the root canals of primary teeth for antimicrobial efficacy against some of the microorganisms commonly found in infected root canals. Study design: In this experimental in vitro study four root canal filling materials were tested for antimicrobial efficacy against five microbial strains using the agar diffusion method. Results: Zinc oxide eugenol paste exhibited the strongest antimicrobial potential followed by metapex, calasept plus, vitapex Conclusions: All the test filling materials demonstrated varying antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested. Zinc oxide eugenol paste and materials containing zinc oxide were found to be more effective against the microorganisms compared to materials with calcium hydroxide . Key words: antimicrobial efficacy, root filling materials, primary teeth

14

Authors: Tohina Mujoo,Vasudev Ballal

Root canal therapy of a tooth relies on proper instrumentation, irrigation and obturation of the root canal. Debridement of the canal is the main step during treatment to completely eliminate the source of infection. Proper biomechanical preparation is initiated to shape the canal and remove the bacteria to prevent periapical infections. Root canal irrigants are used after the mechanical instrumentation is done, to eradicate the remaining debris out of the canal. Various irrigants have been used such as sodium hypochlorite, saline and chlorhexidine, just to name a few. Unfortunately, none of these irrigants meet the ideal requirements of today; hence, new developments have been introduced for the reduction of inflammation and infection. This review will shadow upon the various advancements established recently to fulfill the treatment goal of disinfection in the root canal. Key words: biomechanical preparation, chlorhexidine, debridement, infection, sodium hypochlorite, saline.

19

Authors: Pasquale Venuti

Objective. The purpose of this dynamic prospective cohort study was: 1) to follow-up a large number of initial endodontic treatments performed by a single operator, periodically checked over a 12-years period, using a zinc oxide-eugenol-formaldehyde endodontic cement; 2) to correlate outcome to a number of clinical variables and 3) to correlate outcome to Toronto studies outcome. Study design. This prospective study included all consecutive cases the author had been treating from 2000 to 2010, period with a follow-up to 10-years. Results. The overall rate of success ranged from 98% at first year follow-up to 85% at ten year follow-up. The recall rate varied from 90% of the first year to 52% of the 10 year. The success rate was not correlated with status of the pulp, sex and gender and type of root filling. The success rate was negatively correlated with posterior teeth and with the absence of full coverage. The overall success rate a 4-6 years follow-ups was higher than in Toronto studies. Conclusions. The obtained long-term success rate was comparable to other studies, notwithstanding root canal treatments have been performed in a general dental practice by a low-experienced clinician. Key words: formaldehyde, endodontic, cohort, prospective