Health Risk Analysis

4-11

Authors: Rakhmanin Y.A., Novikov S.М., Аvаliani S.L., Sinitsyna O.O., Shashina T.A.

The article provides an analysis of global trends and new areas of health risk assessment and analysis methodology caused by exposure to chemicals, environmental pollutants, and the contemporary issues of national assessment methodology. Most details are considered: risk assessment evidence base, modern methods and problems of carcinogenic risk assessment, hygienic regulation based on risk assessment, the economic aspects of the methodology. Particular attention is paid to reasons of recent years perceived gaps in the Russian methodological basis of the best foreign samples. The urgent measures to improve the national risk assessment methodology are proposed, the main of which are: legislative consolidation of the basic concepts of risk assessment, a further update of the methodology and the practice of hygienic regulation on the basis of risk assessment, improving the valuation of damage to human health, the tightening of the requirements to the developed regulatory guidance documents on risk assessment, as well as to the training and retraining of personnel in the risk assessment.

24-30

Authors: Belikova М.Sh., Zakharova М.А., Sartakov P.G.

The work is devoted to the studies of the problem of smoking and alcohol use among cadets of military institute as well as to the risk of diseases’ developing when using nicotine and alcohol. We have proposed the methods for solving this problem in the educational institution. This article describes not only the problem among the cadets of military institute, but also the calculated risks. Particular attention is paid to the study of the methods of controlling the bad habits in the educational institution and reduction of the number of smokers and drinkers among the cadets.

38-44

Authors: Ushakov А.А., Turbinskiy V.V., Katunina А.S.

Materials on the health status, social and economic as well as sanitary and hygienic conditions of living of the population of the Altai Territory were analyzed. The comparative analysis of living conditions and health indicators of urban and rural population was conducted. The correlation of health indicators of babies from 0 to 1 year old, children from 0 to 14 years old, adolescents from 15 to 17 years old and adults over 18 years old in dependence on the type of a settlement (urban or rural) with the indices of social, sanitary and hygienic factors of the environment was assessed. Regression equations for health indicators of the population of different age groups from the level of hygienic and social environmental factors were calculated, their regional critical (reference) values were validated. The hygienic assessment of the impact of adverse social, sanitary and hygiene factors of the environment on the health of the Altai Territory population was given.

52-61

Authors: Synoda V.A.

The article considers of results of hygenic estimation of the conditions of the labour, gravity and tension of the labor process in the main subdivisions production of railway coachs. The result of analysis is contains the estimation of qualifications of workers places, frequencies of the traumas and diseases of worker. The priority disadvantage production factors for the health risk of worker are determined. Individual professional risk for leading professions in production of railway coachs at periods is evaluated before and after of economical production principle is introducing.

68-81

Authors: Zaitseva N.V., Zemlyanova M.A., Zvezdin V.N., Dovbysh A.A., Akafyeva T.I., Gmoshinski I.V., Khotimchenko S.A.

The results of toxicity studies of nano-sized colloidal silver (NCC), the most widely used in medicine, food and life, are given. When evaluating safe doses of silver NP (using commercially available NCC solution stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), with the size of silver NP at the range of 5-80 nm) when orally administered to male mice, BALB/c mice at doses of 0.1; 1.0 and 10 mg/kg of body weight per silver different effects from the motor and orienting-exploratory activity were revealed, for the part of them the dependence on the dose of the NCC was typical. The following peculiarities were found: reduction in motor activity to reduce the frequency of activities requiring physical effort, reduction of the execution time of these actions; increasing anxiety in terms of frequency and duration of attacks of orienting-investigative activity and animals washing. Morphological examination revealed a series of tissue changes of internal organs (especially liver and spleen, to a lesser extent – kidney, heart and colon) with increase of the spectrum and severity of structural changes with increasing doses of the NCC. From the combination of the data the conclusion was made that maximal ineffective dose (NOAEL) of this nanomaterial at subacute oral administration is no more than 0.1 mg/kg body weight.

89-94

Authors: Horoshavin V.A., Akimova L.N., Shutov O.

The article is devoted to the history of the formation of the Medical Service of the (Molotov) region during the war. We describe the problems encountered sanitary doctors in the war years, the direction of the main measures to address these problems. It is shown that the organizers of the health service – A.V. Kostina, V.A. Ryazanov, their colleagues have made every effort to prevent epidemics and save health of both local and evacuees. It is showed the role of volunteers, doctors of medical units at the plants, the Department of Health Medical Institute to improve the sanitary conditions in the region.