International Journal of Research and Review

1-3

Authors: ReemaVerma, Alka Gupta, Ranu Prasad

Hepcidin is a small peptide hormone secreted by the liver and by adipocytes. Hepcidin is suppressed in iron deficiency, allowing increased absorption of dietary iron and replenishment of iron stores. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) more than 1 billion adults are overweight and at least 300 million of them are obese. Experimental and clinical studies indicate that there is a relationship between iron metabolism and weight status. Iron deficiency is significantly more prevalent among obese individuals compared to non-obese ones. Recently, hepcidin expression in adipose tissue has been described and shown to be increased in patients with severe obesity. The effect of obesity on hepcidin serum levels and treatment outcome of iron deficiency anaemia in children is assessed. Finally, it is conclude that obesity increased hepcidin levels and was associated with diminished response to oral iron therapy in childhood iron deficiency anaemia.

16-19

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni

The solid waste disposal is generally done by using sanitary land fill method. In developing countries open dumping is done. Open dumping is dangerous option due to odour and disperson of waste in the form of particles in the air. Sanitary landfill is relatively safer option. The solid waste buried in the land contaminates groundwater. The bio composting of the waste provides additional benefits like manure for agriculture and reduction in the volume of waste. The other option of treating solid waste is incineration. Incineration has disadvantage of exhaust gases. The hazardous waste poses an inherent danger to personnel or the environment when exposed. Many investigators have carried out research for treatment of hazardous waste treatment. The current review summarizes research and studies on solid wastes with emphasis on hazardous waste.

24-32

Authors: Mamita Dash

Energy consumption in the household sector is affected by many factors like income, family size, gender, education and type of occupation of the households. The aim of this study was to analyse these factors and suggest measures for the efficient use of energy in the household sector. For this data had been collected from a sample of 100 households, from the urban municipal area of Bhubaneswar, the capital of the state Odisha. The households were divided into three income groups on the basis of their monthly earning. Correlation was used to find out the relationship among income, family size and energy consumption. The study found a positive relation between income, family size and energy consumption.

36-39

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni

Reactor design for ideal reactors with ideal flow patterns for plug flow and mixed flow reactors are very useful tools for analysis, design and operation. In plug flow reactors residence time of all the fluid elements is equal. In mixed flow reactors, complete mixing is assumed so that there is complete uniformity in composition and temperature. Development of dead zone, vortex formation and sluggish behavior of fluid near surfaces are reasons for non-ideal behavior. Investigations are reported on various aspects of non-ideal reactors, modeling and simulation of reactors. Residence time of the material inside the reactor decides performance of the reactor. The present review summarizes research and studies on non-ideality in the chemical reactors.

50-54

Authors: Sunita Kumari

A convulsion in children is one of the major health problem, parents also continued to worry about the effects of seizures and treatment in three areas: on their child’s brain (brain damage, death and cognitive deficits) on the child’s mental health, and on the family. These parents were concerned about how to manage their child’s seizures, including worries related to the medical diagnosis, negative responses of others to the epilepsy, lifestyle restrictions, and mental health problems. Peak age of onset around 1 year, 90% of the paediatric children have convulsive attacks occurred during the first three years of age. Though there is still a lot of controversy regarding the age of occurrence, it can safely be assumed to be between 6 months and 5 years of age with an upper limit of 6 years and a lower limit of 3 months. Regarding the age limit and occurrence of convulsion in children aged between 6 months and 5 years with the peak age being 18 months. By seeing above factors the investigator noticed that the caregivers were deficit in knowledge of causes, sign and symptoms, home care and prevention of injury of child with convulsion. Many of them were quite anxious while witnessing their child convulsing in front of them especially for the first time. The Caregiver thought that the child may have lifetime disorder or the child has serious illness. The anxiety of the caregiver may transfer to the children and later it may harm the health of the family itself. A quasi experimental study was done on 60 samples. “one group pre test-post test” design. The data collections were structured interview schedule, questionnaire to assess the knowledge of the sample. The findings are The majority of 55% of people in pre-test of study Group were having poor knowledge score 41.7% of people in pre-test of study Group were having average knowledge score 3.3% of the study Group were having good knowledge score whereas in post-test majority 93.3% of the people had good knowledge score and 6.7% of people in post –test of study group were having average score. According to finding paired t test to compare difference between average scoring of before and after health teaching, since P value is less than 0.05(P value=0.000) difference in average score is statistically significant association was present between the knowledge, types of family & education.

58-60

Authors: Neetu Vanapalli, Venkatraman J

Vallecular cysts are rare retention cysts of minor salivary glands seen in the vallecula and base of tongue. Distortion of epiglottis is observed when the cysts grow larger in size. [2] They cause significant retroflexion of the epiglottis leading to dysphagia, odynophagia and respiratory obstruction. We report an uncommon case vallecular cyst in an adult, which has been treated surgically.

65-73

Authors: Dr. Snehil Gupta, Dr. U. D Sharma, Dr. Bhupendra Singh, Dr. Babita, Dr. Neelam Meena, Dr. Satveer Singh Gurjar

Background: Shaft of femur fractures are commonly encountered in orthopaedic practice and “3-in-1”Femoral nerve block provide good postoperative analgesia. Adding dexamethasone as an adjuvant to local anaesthetics prolong the duration of analgesia. Aim: To study the effect of dexamethasone with ropivacaine as postoperative analgesic using 3-in-1 femoral nerve block for fracture shaft femur surgery. Materials & Methods: 80 patients were randomly allocated in two group R and group RD (each=40),received combined ultrasound-stimulation guided “3-in-1” Femoral nerve block using either 40 ml 0.5% Ropivacaine (group R) or 40 ml 0.5% Ropivacaine with 8 mg Dexamethasone (group RD) at the end of the surgery. Both the groups were assessed for duration of sensory block, motor block and analgesia, total opioid consumption and complications. Results: Study revealed that the duration of motor block in group R was significantly less than group RD (397.5 ± 101.39 mins v/s 768 ± 229.86 mins). Also, Patients in Group R had earlier return of sensation than patients in Group RD. The mean time for duration of analgesia of group R is 527.32 ± 157.59 mins and group RD is 1159.5 ± 301.81 mins. Total opioid consumption showed significant difference between both the groups. (Group R 172.5±81.61 mg v/s group RD 57.5 ±63.59 mg of Tramadol: p<0.001). Conclusion: Dexamethasone with 0.5% Ropivacaine in 3-in-1 femoral nerve block have significant prolongation of duration of postoperative analgesia with side-effects sparing profile, hence it is recommended in cases in which long duration of analgesia is required.