Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

18-33

Authors: І. Hrytsyniak, hrytsyniak@if.org.ua, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv; D. Yanovych, yandeni@yandex.ru, Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S. Z. Gzhytskyj, Lviv V.; Bekh, bekh@if.org.ua, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv

Purpose. The problem of water ecosystem pollution with heavy metals achieved great actuality during recent years, both because of their significant distribution in environment, and wide spectrum of their toxic effects on fish organism. Much attention in modern scientific literature is given to the problem of the effects of heavy metals, including mercury and arsenic, on fish organism. However, investigations in this field are conducted mainly on cyprinids, while physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the effects of heavy metals on salmonids are less studied. According to this, the studies of the sources of heavy metals in water ecosystems, peculiarities of their action in salmonid organism on subcellular, cellular, tissue and organ levels, species and age-related peculiarities of the effects of heavy metals are of great scientific and practical importance. The purpose of this work is to review the mentioned problems. Findings. The work characterizes the effects of mercury and arsenic on salmonids on subcellular, cellular, tissue and organ levels. The article contains characteristic of conditions, under which toxic or lethal action of the mentioned xenobiotics on different species of salmonids was observed. Originality. The paper summarizes literature data concerning the effect of mercury and arsenic on salmonids. Attention is accented on the sources of the mentioned pollutants in surface waters, physiological and biochemical mechanisms of their effects on salmonids, and on factors, which determine the level of their toxicity. Lethal concentrations of mercury and arsenic to salmonids, depending on experiment duration, species and age-related peculiarities are presented. Practical value. Data presented in the review can be used for the explanation of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the adaptation of salmonids to surface water pollution with heavy metals, diagnostics of fish pathologies caused by toxic effects of mercury and arsenic, and complex assessment of factors, which influence the toxicity level of the mentioned pollutants in environment. Keywords: water ecosystems, mercury, arsenic, salmonids, toxicity, biomagnification, metabolism.

46-54

Authors: Yu. Sytnik, sytnik_yu@ukr.net, Institute of Hydrobiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv M. Mardarevych, m_miroslaw@YAHOO.com, Institute of Hydrobiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv; T. Bersan, tatyana_bersan@mail.ru, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv

Purpose. Identification and analysis of the content of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in organs and tissues of benthivorous and predatory fish species of the Kiliya delta of the Danube (Eastern mouth) and their comparison with previous years. Methodology. The analysis of the samples of aquatic organisms for the content of residual organochlorine pesticides was carried out by gas-liquid chromatography (GLH) based on a unified methodology. The chromatographic analysis was carried out on the gas chromatograph "Color 5" with electron capture detector at the Institute of Hydrobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Findings. The effect of stable organochlorine pesticides on aquatic organisms is characterized by marked persistence in the environment and by high ability for migration and accumulation on different levels of food chains in aquatic ecosystems. The continuous presence of OCP in all investigated organs and tissues of selected species with the presence of a certain amount of fat and consequently, the fixation of residual organochlorine pesticides. Among benthivorous fishes, the content of OCP in organs and tissues (total) is as follows: vimba → roach → wild carp → bream → gibel carp. Among the predators: asp → perch → European catfish → pikeperch. Originality. Recently, a significant number of scientists all around the world returns to the problem of the accumulation and distribution (redistribution) of OCP in the components of aquatic ecosystems. This is associated with certain threats to the environment and human health, that could lead to negative consequences as a result of the consumption of fish as the highest trophic level in fresh waters of Ukraine. Practical value. The obtained data indicate that the major commercial fish species of the Kiliya delta of the Danube river contains residual quantities of pesticides. This indicates to the need for continuous hygienic and toxicological monitoring of fish caught and sold. There is a tendency that smaller amounts of OCP are accumulated in less active species benthivorous (bream, gibel carp) compared to active ones (vimba, roach, wild carp), and these patterns are confirmed to the current study. Keywords: pollution, organochlorine pesticides (OCP), DDT and its metabolites, α- and γ-isomers of HCH.

67-76

Authors: Yu. Loshkova, alkhimova@ukr.net, Kherson State Agricultural University, Kherson; V. Shevchenko, shevchenco@ksau.kherson.ua, Kherson State Agricultural University, Kherson

Purpose. To improve the technology of growing age-1+ carp by constructing mathematical equations for predicting the results of cyprinid fish seed growing in ponds, including the level of fish productivity depending on the level of intensification measures. Methodology. The study is based on theoretical, experimental and laboratory methods approved for fisheries, physical, chemical and hydrobiological studies. Findings. The studies demonstrated that the proposed mathematical equations allow determining the parameters of the results of the growing of common carp, silver carp, and grass carp as fish seeds for stocking them in natural water bodies of the lower Dnieper. The hydrobiological regime was at the satisfactory level and ensured the necessary quantity of fish juveniles with feed organisms. As a result of the cultivation, we received high quality fish seeds with body weight of over 100 g that met the standards. The obtained age-1+ fish are viable in the future and can survive wintering in natural water bodies. The dependence between the parameters of fish productivity of common carp, silver carp and grass carp, and the amount of compost applied at ratio of 500–5050 kg/ha of ammonium nitrate in the range 10–150 kg/ha of superphosphate within 10–40 kg/ha was described by mathematical equations. The study found that our proposed mathematical equation can determine the performance results of the cultivation of common carp, silver carp and grass carp as fish seeds for stocking them in natural water bodies of the lower Dnieper. The application of the mathematical equations, which takes into account the use of intensification measures (organic fertilizers, as compost and fertilizers like ammonium nitrate and superphosphate), makes possible to predict fish productivity in ponds. Originality. A mathematical model of the efficiency of growing age-1+ cyprinids under special conditions of the application of certain technological factors, and technical factors, including organic and mineral fertilizers, was developed. Practical value. The developed mathematical model gives an opportunity to predict the probable effectiveness of growing age-1+ cyprinids under the conditions of the use of certain technological factors. Keywords: cyprinids, age-1+ fish, organic fertilizer, fertilizer, fish productivity.

91-98

Authors: А. Vaschenko, ichth-path@ukr.net, Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv; N. Matvienko, matvienko@ifr.com.ua, ichth-path@ukr.net, Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv

Purpose. To investigate the effect of feed fish with the additives NUPRO® and BIO-MOS® on the results of the rearing of age-1+ carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Methodology. The study of the effect of feeding fish with the additives NUPRO® and BIO-MOS® on the results of the rearing age-1+ carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) of “Nyvka” scaled intrabreed type were performed based on the conventional methodology. The experiments were carried out in ponds condition of the research farm "Nyvka" of the Institute of Fisheries during 3 months. For the experiments, we used 0.5 ha ponds, which were stocked with age-1 carp. The stocking density was 3000 individuals per ha or 1500 individuals per pond. Findings. The study demonstrated that feeding age-1+ carp with the balanced combined feed PKS 111 2/2/4 enriched with the food additives NUPRO® (5%) and BIO-MOS® (2%) increased the intensity of their growth compared to that in the control group of fish, which were fed with the combined feed of the same composition but without feed additives. Using these additives in the combined feed composition increased fish growth by 12.4% when BIO-MOS® was used and by 57.3% with NUPRO®. The fish output increased by 2% and 4%, respectively. Feed costs reduced by 2.8 an 2.6 versus 3 kg/ha in the control group. All hydrochemical indices in the experimental ponds were within normal limits and temperature condition was optimal for fish growth and metabolism. Therefore, adding these feed additives in age-1+ carp diet allows obtaining additional weight gain and more effective utilization of the feed used. Originality. The analysis of the effect of adding the additives NUPRO® and BIO-MOS® into combined on productive parameters of age-1+ carp of “Nyvka” scaled intrabreed type was carried out for the first time. Practical value. The feed additives NUPRO® and BIO-MOS® are recommended to be used when feeding age-1+ carp for increasing fish productivity and reducing feed costs. Keywords: age-1+ carp, feed additives NUPRO® and BIO-MOS®, fish productivity, feed costs.

107-115

Authors: I. Hrytsyniak, hrytsyniak@if.org.ua, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv; J. Rivis, inagrokarpat@gmail.com, Institute of Agriculture Carpathian region NAAS, Obroshynо; M. Maletich, maletich21@ukr.net, Institute of Agriculture Carpathian region NAAS, Obroshyno

Purpose. To investigate the effect of increased amounts of vitamin A in the diet on the fatty acid composition of esterified cholesterol of liver and reproduction ability of brood carp females and males. Methodology. The experiment was conducted in pre-spawning period using three groups of brood carp. The control group of carp received standard granulated feed. Experimental groups of brood carps additionally received retynilatsetat in the composition of the above-mentioned fodder. Findings. It was found that the liver of females and males of brood carp of experimental groups, which received vitamin A at a quantity of 2500 and 5000 IU/kg of feed in the composition of standard granulated formulated feed during pre-spawning period had shown a dose-dependent reduction in the content of esterified cholesterol. At the same time, the level of monounsaturated fatty acids of n-9 family decreases significantly and dose-dependently in its fatty acid composition, however, there is an increase in the level of saturated fatty acids with paired and unpaired quantities of carbon atoms in the chain as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-6 family and especially n-3 family. Females of brood carp in the experimental groups, which were fed with additional vitamin A at a quantity of 2500 and 5000 IU/kg of standard granulated formulated feed during pre-spawning period, had an increase in working and relative fecundity, while males had an increase in sperm volume. At the same time, the output of larvae from eggs increases significantly and dose-dependently. Originality. For the first time it was found that the liver of brood carp females and males, which received increased quantities of vitamin A in the composition of standard granulated formulated feed during pre-spawning period, had the reduction in the content of esterified cholesterol. the level of monounsaturated fatty acids of n-9 family decreases significantly and dose-dependently in its fatty acid composition, however, there is an increase in the level of saturated fatty acids with paired and unpaired quantities of carbon atoms in the chain as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-6 family and especially n-3 family. Females of brood carp in the experimental groups, which were fed with additional vitamin A at a quantity of 2500 and 5000 IU/kg of standard granulated formulated feed during pre-spawning period, had an increase in working and relative fecundity, while males had an increase in sperm volume. At the same time, the output of larvae from eggs increases significantly and dose-dependently. Practical value. The content of esterified cholesterol and its acid composition in the liver of females and males of brood carp directly correlates with their reproductive ability. In particular, the liver of females of brood carp, which had a reduction in the content of esterified cholesterol and an increase in the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in its fatty acid composition, had of an increased working and relative fecundity, while males had an increase in sperm volume. At the same time, th output of larvae from eggs increases. Keywords: brood сarp, liver, esterified cholesterol, fatty acid composition, reproduction ability.