Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-7

Authors: СЕМАШКО П.В.

The objective. To establish the expediency of application of the combined equivalent Lden and Ldn sound levels as a criteria of hygienic assessment of the acoustic condition of residential areas. Materials and methods. The calculation of dependencies "level of traffic noise - an irritation" " was in accordance with WHO recommendations (Burden of disease from environmental noise. Quantification of healthy life years lost in Europe; Night noise guidelines for Europe). The calculation of the combined level was conducted in accordance with Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25.06.2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. Results. Proved that violations of the existing permissible equivalent levels are possible with combined equivalent Lden, Ldn sound levels for hygienic assessment of the acoustic condition of residential areas. Is established that the combined equivalent Lden and Ldn sound levels is onenumerical criteria that do not consider the physiological human condition at different periods of CNS activity (work, rest, sleep). So they can`t be recommended for hygienic assessment of the acoustic condition of residential areas. Proved that the use of Lden and Ldn criteria to determine the percentage of public complaints (rated 'very irritates") to the traffic noise: underestimates the percentage of public complaints in comparison with the evaluation Lnight + Lday criteria (percentage of total complaints for night and daytime), underestimates the percentage of public complaints in comparison with the evaluation Lnight criteria (complaints at night), hides the distribution of complaints depending on the daytime, making it difficult to correct managerial decisions. Conclusions. Combined equivalent sound levels should not be used as criteria for evaluation of the sanitary condition of the acoustic condition of residential areas. The most appropriate criteria for hygienic sound assessment of residential areas are equivalent Lday and Lnight levels.

13-15

Authors: МАРАКУШИН Д.І.

The Objective: to analyze the content of serotonin and its precursor tryptophan in the brain of rats under the long-term influence of oxyethylized nonylphenols and their derivatives. Materials and methods. The experiments was carried out on the sexually mature rats-males of WAG population; rates orally received, before feeding, aqueous solutions of substances with 1/10 and 1/100 LD50 through a metal probe every day during 45 days. A level of serotonin and tryptophan in the brain of rats was determined by a chromatographic method on columns with cation-exchange resin. Results. We considered the regularities of the processes of adaptation and homeostasis under the influence on an organism of oxyethylized nonylphenols and their derivatives. Conclusions. It was established the influence of oxyethylized nonylphenols and their derivatives: sodium salts of carboxymethylates of oxyethylized isononylphenols on the processes of neuro-humoral regulation of rats, that is confirmed by disbalance of serotonergic neurotransmitter system of the brain. The decrease of serotonergic activity of the rats brain is proved in the conditions of the influence of the studied substances in a dose 1/10 DL50, and increase of serotonin synthesis (protectively-compensatory reaction of an organism) under the influence of substances in a dose 1/100 DL50.

21-24

Authors: ПАВЛЕНКО Т.О., АКСЬОНОВ М.В., ШАБУНІНА Н.Д., ФРИЗЮК М.А., ТАРАСЮК О.Є., КОВТОНЮК Н.Л., СЕМЕНЮК Н.Д., ФЕДОРЕНКО О.В., МИХАЙЛЕНКО О.В.

Management of waste in the oil and gas industry containing significant activity concentration of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) is one of the major problems over the world. Activity residues, oil-slimes and used processing facilities can generate considerable radiation exposure to industry workers due to radioactivity materials entry in the industrial zone and environment. The aim of the article is to search the NORM activity concentration in the industrial residues of some oil and gas enterprises of Ukraine to establish appropriateness of the regulatory control over these enterprises. Gamma-ray spectrometry, mathematical and statistical methods were used. Results. It is made measurements of activity concentration of some natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 210Pb, 238U, 235U, 223Ra, 227Th, 40K) in activity residues of some Ukrainian oil and gas enterprises. Basic statistical indicators of NORM activity concentration levels in residues of each enterprise were calculated. It is established that IAEA levels for clearance of material regarding activity concentration of radionuclides of natural origin 1 Bq•g-1 (1000 Bq•kg-1) aren’t exceeded in solid residue in respect of all mentioned natural radionuclides in two enterprises. Whereas scarcity of researched material it is recommended the additional residues measurements of industrial activity concerning these enterprises. Exceeding the IAEA levels for clearance in respect of four natural radionuclides (210Pb, 226Ra, 232Th, 238U) in waste of the oil and gas industry and solid residue are detected at two enterprises. It is recommended regulatory control over these enterprises.

31-34

Authors: ГАРКУША С.Л., КОРЗУН В.Н.

The objective. Development of methods of primary atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention among a population. Materials and methods. Estimation of blood lipid spectrum, specifying the type of dyslipidemia and the degree of overweight with a body mass index, definition of the general and individual cardiovascular risk in the offices of the correction of overweight and treatment of various forms of obesity. Results. Outcome of primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease among a population is improved by complex examination of patients with the purpose of timely revealing of the metabolic syndrome (abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus) and destination multimodality therapy, monthly monitoring in achieving the target levels of lipid parameters, arterial tension and normal body weight. Conclusions: Implementation of primary prophylaxis methods that include the identification of patients with metabolic syndrome and assessment of cardiovascular diseases developing risk, leads to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality from infarction and cerebral thrombosis.

38-44

Authors: ПОЛЬКА Н.С., СЕРГЕТА Д.П.

Objective. To study the scientific method of complex numerical score risk of adverse changes in the leading indicators of physical development and morphofunctional condition of the newborns. Materials and methods. Assessment of physical development and functional state of newborns and their mothers was carried out using conventional anthropometric techniques. Leading medical and social features of mothers life and lifestyle were determined through questionnaires and interviews, to determine the personality traits of mothers was used the psychodiagnostic methods. Results and discussion. The method of complex numerical score risk of adverse changes in the leading indicators of physical development and morphofunctional condition of the newborns is scientifically grounded during the research. It is an adequate to modern requirements, easy to use and informative tool, from prognostic position, to determine the prerequisites for the formation of alleged misstatements in the process of becoming morphofunctional state of the newborn girls and boys. The main stages of the practical interpretation of the methods are: determination on the basis of the application of sociological and psychodiagnostic methods of expressing the degree of medical and social characteristics, features of daily activities and mothers personal characteristics (stage 1); evaluation of the results obtained in points according to a specially designed scoring scales (stage 2); calculation of integrated indicators for assessing the risk of adverse changes in the leading indicators of physical development and morphofunctional condition of the newborns according to the medical and social, regime-significant and personal prognostic determinants (stage 3); estimation of the integral index, calculated on the basis of quantitative criteria for their content evaluation (stage 4); determining individualized, according to the direction and content of each of the determinants, strategies prophylactic activities and psychohygienic correction of deviations (stage 5).

50-52

Authors: ЗАВАДА М.І.

Objective to determine the criteria of unsatisfactory adaptation prediction to studying of children enrolled in the first grade of secondary boarding schools. Materials and methods. Adaptation of 235 first graders boarding schools was evaluated for the annual dynamics of physical development, cardiovascular and psycho-physiological development. Results. Growth inhibition in children in the end of I-st quarter, I-st semester and year, absence of changes or diminishing in these terms of body weight, the quality index of blood circulation as a reaction on loading, speeds of visual information processing in more than half of children specify the delay of adaptation in the expected terms of its offensive. These processes are peculiar to the children who on entering school were characterized by low rates of reaction (≤0,01 conditional units), by readiness for training (test-Kern Jirásek ≥9 balls), by speed of processing of visual information (≤0,2 bit/s), by the body mass index ≤15 or ≥16 or in combination of two or more unsatisfactory ratings on these indicators. This complex is offered as criteria for the formation of groups at risk of unsatisfactory adaptation for entering children to boarding schools.

62-37

Authors: Крупка Н.О., Лотоцька-Дудик У.Б.

The aim of the work was to analyse regularity of formation, accumulation, methods of treatment and utilization of waste in Lviv region with the subsequent formation of the ways to increase environmental and economic efficiency of their reuse. Materials and methods. Materials of the Program of hard domestic waste treatment in the Lviv region, State committee of statistics of Ukraine, Main Statistical Office and Main Department of Environmental Protection in the Lviv region, the results of own research were used for an analysis and evaluation of Waste Issues in the Lviv region. Results. In the last few years the tendency to the increase of waste accumulation is observed. It causes the increase of amount of unauthorized dumps and grounds. The ways of waste and the main indicators of treatment were analysed. Public opinion about the implementation of separate collection of municipal solid waste was studied. The main problems of waste management and ways to solve them were indicated and outlined. Conclusions. For solving the problems of education, treatment and disposal in the Lviv region is necessary to form a regional co-ordinating center for waste management, introduce the main disposal methods involving new technologies and investments.

71-74

Authors: КАРЛОВА О.О.

The Objective. The study of the features of laboratory and instrumental changes in workers exposed by lead, the conducting the prognostic evaluation of the studied parameters. Materials and Methods. The 203 patients were examined on the basis of MCU number 18 of Ministry of Health of Ukraine in Kiev. All patients were divided into 3 groups at depending on the level of blood lead. The І group included the patients with the level of blood lead of 2,12 ± 0,013 micromole/l, in ІІ group — 1,92 ± 0,013 micromole/l, in ІІІ group — with a minimum level of blood lead is 1,72 ± 0,028 micromole/l. Age of patients was ranged from 35 to 47 years. The average age of patients for the І group (51 people) was 43,5 ± 1,3 years, the ІІ group (46 people) — 39,9 ± 1,8 years, the ІІІ (49 people) — 40,3 ± 1.4 years. The control group included 57 healthy persons, whose average age was 44,7 ± 1,5 years. Only male were examined. Results. The paper presents data on the characteristics of ultrasound changes of the hepatobiliary system with lead exposure. The results of the ultrasonic examination of the liver depending on the level of lead in blood are shown. Investigated basic biochemical blood indices that reflect the functional state of the hepatobiliary system (bilirubin, ALT, AST, Ritis ratio, total cholesterol, blood glucose). To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency indicators we defined diagnostic (prognostic) significance for the individual levels. Performed calculation of the following parameters: sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy (efficiency), the relative risks. For all diagnostic characteristics determined the confidence interval and checked the statistical significance at not less than 95%. Used the method of ROC-analysis to determine the threshold levels of the indicators used as markers of the severity of changes in workers exposed lead. Conclusions: steatosis and diffuse changes in the liver are the most common in the structure of sonographic pathology the frequency of which are increases with the blood lead levels. In group I patients had the maximum values of transaminases ALT and AST in the backdrop of reducing de Ritis index, which indicates the genesis of toxic liver damage upon exposure. CWR value of the right lobe more than 148 mm is the threshold level for the index ultrasound examination of the liver. The excess of these levels is associated with high blood levels of lead and has a statistically significant predictive efficiency (p<0.05).