The Swedish Journal of Scientific Research

1-8

Authors: Boufadene Othmane - Ryad Ali El Raoui

The study aimed to know the effect of interval training on the indicators of aerobic capacity, and knowing the existence of variances between the change parentages of these capabilities after the training, as that the researcher supposed that there are variances with statistical significance between pre and post measurement in aerobic capabilities after interval training, and according to the nature of the research that depends on experimental method, it has been chosen a sample research non randomly which include twenty four players from the team of Widad Mostaganem under the age of nineteen that they underwent to the training program with interval method for eight weeks which contains three quotas in the week, while the pre and post tests have conducted in order to measure their capabilities aerobic, as the results showed the existence of variances with statistical significance between pre and post measurement for the research sample and in favor of post-test, as that they showed the existence of variances with statistical significance between the change parentages of aerobic capabilities for maximum aerobic speed and anaerobic threshold.So we conclude that the interval training improved aerobic capabilities by increasing the (VO2MAX, VAM,AT and FCMAX )and the greatest influence be into the anaerobic threshold(AT) and the maximal aerobic speed(MAS) . Key Words: interval training, Maximum oxygen uptake, maximal aerobic speed, aerobic threshold

17-22

Authors: Hamadou Ali Djemel AbdNacer - Zerf Mohammed - Mokkedes moulay idriss - Atouti Nouredine - Bengoua Ali - Mebrouki Fatiha

In the lack of information and program prevention in the Algerian Leisure and athletics, sports the purposes of this study were to expose the Advantages and Disadvantages of Anabolic steroids administer in the meals by Algerian bodybuilding to gain muscle volume in the shortest time. From that, our subjects were 12 Algerian athletes confirmed who practice bodybuilder for more than 7 years ago and who volunteered accepted to participate in our experience 06 from them involve Anabolic steroids in their meals and 06 rely on natural nutrition. Our study based on the following Analysis of blood, urine, and anthropometric measurements where our work was divided into two team –research: Field team1 and a Lab team2. To verify the hypothesis that support: Which Advantages and Disadvantages can be observed when athlete addition the Anabolic steroids in Bodybuilding from that, our aims for this study interest: (1) Which differences anthropometric we can observed between our samples? (2) Which UR Regulations can be observed in their vital functions? For that, we have chosen the analysis of independent T-TEST to compare the implementation differences anthropometric and modification in the regulation of the vital functions in the two cases for the current study. Based in the results accuses We confirm: (1) Anabolic steroids develop the anthropometric better than fed natural; (2) Anabolic steroids destabilizes Cycles vivo and disorderly the vital functions. Key words: Risks of Anabolic steroids, Algerian Sport Bodybuilding.

30-34

Authors: Nihad Ayub Qadir Tarjile

The medical ball horizontal throwing test is one of the optimal tests to measure explosive strength and capacity. However, results of the test are not accurate because they use the meter as a measuring unit while strength measuring unit is the Newton and capacity with the Watt. Our knowledge of these variables makes us near to feel strength that was produced to make the ball reach this distance. These real units help us estimate components of loads including intensity, size and relief. Therefore, this study came to show the meaning if each term and how terms are connected mechanically in order to enhance scientific information of the researchers and follow modern measuring and testing methods. The study aims to: 1- Determinesomebiomechanicalvariablesthataffectmedicalballhorizontalthrowing. 2- Determinethepercentageofparticipationofexplosivestrengththataffectmedicalballhorizontalthrowing. 3- Finding the equation of predicting throwing level with significance of the explosive capacity of the medical ball horizontal throwing test. Population of the study was determined among some players of Koya University teams in the following games: (basketball, volleyball and handball). Number of players was 13 players selected purposively. The researcher used one (1) video camera (model: Casio-High Speed-Exilim) made in Japan, with a speed of 210 photos/sec. The researcher also used the medical ball throwing test (2 kg) using hands from sitting on a chair position. Among the most important conclusions found by the researcher, there were: 1- Thewattunitcanbepredictedbasedondistance(inmeters)inthemedicalballthrowingtest. 2- Capacity is not the only biomechanical variable that affects throwing distance at medical ball horizontal throwing, but there are other variables which also affect and can be predicted. Keywords: prediction, muscular capacity, throwing distance, medical ball

43-50

Authors: Sirwan hamid rafiq - Rawand mohammed ali - Bebak mohamme ali khan

The study aimed on preparing two training courses by using for the distance less or more than the race distance for developing long aerobic capacity and bearing speed for ran 400 m for young women and to identify his impact of these two approaches for developing long aerobic capacity and bearing speed for run completion 400m m for and to identify the best distance which was used in the research for distance for developing long aerobic capacity and bearing speed for ran 400 m for young women , The researchers used experimental method for two months and by three days a week and a research sample composed of young women players ran 400 meters in Sulaymani city ,toll of their number was 8 player , divided into two experimental groups , One of them Applied training course spaces less than a race distance of 400 m and Second applied or distances of more than race distance The researchers used a smart table for Energy Systems for Fox and Matthews to extract distances in training courses and the way of training And the percentage of extraction intensity And the percentage of rest to work between the duplicates and between groups Depending on certain ratios of the second and third distances of the two regions For suitability with the energy system to run 400 meters The researchers found the results that distances less is more worked on the development of variables research And developed its achievement also ran the 400 meters, but the distances over the race distance has worked to develop endurance speed and achievement was better than less of the race distance they are close together a little bit, the researchers recommend using use-distance approach or similar to the actual performance of the event itself is very comparable to the privacy of the effectiveness of 400m doing and conduct similar research on other distances in other game in track and field , especially barriers and middle distance Researchers to unload the statistical data and the results on the electronic system to extract spss research and the conclusions adopted The researchers adopted to unload the statistical data and the results on the electronic system spss for finding and concluding research Key Words: Training method, shorter and longer distances than race distance, speed endurance, long anaerobic capacity, 400 m dash sprinting for young females.

56-60

Authors: Emad Toma Radi - Muntathar Hussen - Suha Abas

Variability and overlap in teaching and learning methods achieve high percentages of development in characteristics, skills and other aspects of teaching strategies and methods. Teaching is one of these methods using motor tasks which currently play an effective role in modern teaching through which a part of the teacher’s authorities is transferred to students. The problem of the study lies in that teachers did not use modern teaching methods, training schedule and organization and they kept the concept of generality in teaching and learning these skills. They also did not consider effective factors and conditions, so the researcher conducted this study to solve this problem. The researchers used the empirical method. The sample was represented in students of the first grade at the Sport Education Department in the Faculty of Basic Education, Al Mostanserya University (40 students). The sample was divided into a first empirical group (20 students) using the method of teaching with motor tasks due to total training and second empirical group (20 students) using the method of teaching with motor tasks due to partial training. The researchers conducted sample homogeneity, applied tests of attention focus and skill tests. Pre-tests were applied on the sample of the study with the use of teaching method of motor tasks in the educational units. Researchers concluded that: - There are differences between pre and post tests for both empirical groups which refer that teaching using motor tasks due to pre and post training is correct. - Results showed that the second empirical group excelled in attention focus using teaching with motor tasks due to partial training. - Results showed that the second empirical group excelled in learning some types of scoring from the free throw line and peaceful scoring using teaching with motor tasks Keywords: Effect. Teaching. Motor. Learning.Basketball

67-71

Authors: Baydaa Ghaylan Mahmood

The study aimed to set brainstorming sessions and find out the extent of their impact on the psychological skills of a sample of students in the Faculty of Physical Education (18) student were selected in a deliberate manner. The experimental method has been used as a way to solve the problem. The researcher has used the means and the tools and procedures among which were : sessions of brainstorming in the form of ten-week duration of the program for a period of two hours a week to understand where the student know how to solve problems in conditions such as imposing upon the state of anxiety or lack of confidence or cases of failure to focus attention down the lack of performance. After the doing of the pre and post tests, the researcher has reached several conclusions, the most important of which were the following : - The brainstorming sessions have a significant impact on all of the skill of visualization and face anxiety and relaxation and self-confidence and realistic achievement and the focus of attention. - The most important recommendations were: Conducting a study similar to facilitator or disabling worry and their relationship to brainstorm Keywords: brainstorming, psychological, skills, Sport Education, Female

1-8

Authors: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN OPTIMISM, PESSIMISM & FEAR ACCORDING TO A NUMBER OF BLOOD GROUPS FOR THE 2nd YEAR FACULTY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS, SALAHELDIN UNIVERSITY / ARBIL

The study aims to: - Show differences’ significance in optimism – pessimism variable for the 2nd year students according to a number of blood groups. - Show differences’ significance in fear for the 2nd year students according to a number of blood groups. The researcher used the descriptive method. As for the population of the study, it is a sample of the 2nd year students from the Faculty of Physical Education (167 students) chosen randomly. Concerning tools of the study, the researcher used optimism – pessimism and fear scales as well as identifying a number of blood groups for the students (A+, O+& B+). The researcher extracted validity and reliability of tests with the use of SPSS statistical method. The most important conclusions are: 1- Average fear level for students in the study sample. 2- Some blood groups with average level of optimism and some other groups with pessimism. 3- The O+ blood group showed average fear level compared with A+ and B+ for female students. 4- The O+ & B+ blood groups showed optimism, while female students with A+ group showed pessimism. 5- The sample of the study of students showed average fear level according to blood groups less in level for B+, O+ and then A+ group. 6- The sample of the study of students showed optimism for B+, O+ and then A+ group showed pessimism. 7- The study showed significant differences for the sake of O+ group for female students in optimism and pessimism and significant differences for A+ group in terms of optimism – pessimism and fear levels. KEYWORDS: (Optimism – Pessimism). Fear and blood group

13-17

Authors: Zuhair Al khashab - Samira Zaiya Hurmiz - Zeyad Al khashab

The aim of the research is to compare the results of the relative strength among powerlifting disabled women between Paralympic games Beijing (2008) and London (2012). The sample consisted (162) players, researchers has used the content analysis of the results of the two Paralympics championship, Beijing /2008and London/ 2012 for women in the sport of powerlifting for the disabled. The best successful trial of the athlete in each weight category and for all categories has been chosen. The percentage of the female lifters of London Paralympic games were the best in relative strength which has exceeded the double in five weights at 50% of the total weights whereas in Beijing /2008 Paralympic games, it was in three weights at 30% of the total weigh The discussion of the research indicates from the tables the order has been per maximum relative strength and doesn't agree- for some extent- with the sequence of women's weight categories, the so-called "the direct relation between weight and relative strength in the science of training. Light weight categories (48, 40, 44) have gained the highest relative strength issued by the weight category (48kg) exceeding the double real weight. The relationship between strength and weight have been converse, in other words the more the weight of the female player, the less is her relative strength The researcher ascribes this to the fact that in light weights, fats are too less in middle weights categories while in heavy weights fats are much more which minimizes the player's adequacy. Finally, No significant differences have been detected between the mean relative strength of women between the Beijing and2008 and London/2012 Paralympics games, the relative mean strength of women in London/2012 was the best. The researcher submits a number of recommendations proper to the aims of the research. KEYWORDS: Compare. Relative. Strength. Disabled. Women. Paralympic. Being (2008).London (2012)

24-28

Authors: Salah Wahab Shakir

Largely, progress of societies depends on research results, consulting and innovations that offered by universities and research centers and its researchers ideas. The clear picture of management reality of educational institutions and effectiveness formation, have become a necessity for these institutions to survival and continuation in a time of increasing competition to achieve outstanding performance in educational services. The researcher wants to achieve in this study, he is as a faculty member, to address the reality of effective principle management of sport education departments and their effectiveness in leading the department through vision clarity, mission, and goals, and certainly if they were present theperformancecharacterized were excellent, The is no solution come by confusion, disorder in performance and achievement. The researcher used the descriptive method and survey technique, the sample was selected of (32) teachers, represent a proportion (76 %) of the original population, which they are (42) teachers. The researcher follow a design form consist scientific steps to identify (effectiveness of administration according to the vision, mission and objectives) which have (42 items), and were identified the appreciation threesome alternatives to answer (yes, sometimes, both) and graded (3.2, 1) accordingly. Discuss Results It was clear from the presentation and results analysis of statistical treatments in response to sample, the researcher could be discussed as follows: The principle management of sport education departments were not effective, and the efficiency at the level relatively modest, it had lack inability and experience in planning functions and decision making, monitoring and evaluation, which constitute a whole management effectiveness, as well as the loss of harmony and lack of teamwork, which reflected negatively on the performance and creativity section. With regard to that question how we seeing the principle management of sport education departments his mission and goals it was ambiguous and lack of clarity, as well as non-adopted as a daily work approach performance that directed path to booth the principle management and all teachers and Associates. The all know with study evidence and proof of positive relationship between management effectiveness with vision, mission and goals that all public institutions, educational institutions and private adoption seeking to achieve quality performance and service objectives of the beneficiaries and the community The researcher's conclusions: The principle management of sport education departments does not have effective management, and has no vision for future and a clear mission and goals, seeks to achieve in spite of the presence of positive relationship between efficiency and research data. And the most important recommending of the researcher: All candidatepersonssubjectingto work in management of department of Physical Education must undergo have advanced level tests, as well as their involvement in modern evolutionary session and rehabilitation management. KEYWORDS: Management. Sport. Vision. Mission. Goals. Staff.

33-36

Authors: Noor Hatem

The process of evaluating performance all the master craftsman in this type of sports is of great significance and capabilities center, including its doers curricula, and that access to high-level sports requires access to full and accurate information about the performance of the players and activity in all cases of play, which is through Careful research to assess individual performance master craftsman, which we mean to follow the performance of the group as a whole during the match From the experience of the researcher found the players who master the lever movements and legs and move to the stadium Forward and backward who brought the best level, therefore considered it a researcher studying the problem and identify the extent of the relation some physical mobility has played in special fencing, which reflected on the level of performance master craftsman to the game. It is therefore felt that capacity researcher physical mobility has played in special fencing, which is reflected in the level of master craftsman performance to the game. Research objectives - to identify the relationship between some physical abilities and performance master craftsman foil weapon. - Identify the relationship between capacity and performance kinetic master craftsman in foil. Search assumptions: -. The presence of Relation of link between physical capacity and performance master craftsman in foil. - .A relation link mobility between capacity and performance master craftsman in foil. Research approach was taking 16 good student in this game, who accounted for 10. 66) From the original community was the special testing capabilities under research and compilation of unloading forms master craftsman and assess performance a relationship between performance and capabilities master craftsman physical mobility under discussion. -Conclusions: - the consensual capacity agility an important factor and effective in improving performance in the master craftsman Fencing. - The existence of a relation between each link from (the force of speed, muscular capacity Two Men) master craftsman performance in foil. Recommendations: - the need for attention to the physical capacities and capabilities mobility when developing programs continuously for golfers almbarzh in view of the importance of these two elements in performance master craftsman in Epee. -The necessity of holding capacities of other similar studies, which were used in the search. - taking into account the Capacity test when selecting player fencing. KEYWORDS: Performance. Physical abilities, Mobility. Fencing.

41-45

Authors: Sanaa Majid Mohammed

because the discus competition has plenty of interested people who were studying and developing its skills and its tactics, therefore the recent studies have turned to the subject of mental abilities to search for different ways and means to develop this competition , as the concept of mental abilities is one of the concepts that have emerged in the field of sport studies and in unlimited number of different sport games, the studies which were interested in the concept of mental abilities and its relationship with the skilled performance in many theories, opinions , ideas and thoughts that tried to study this concept in behavioral and Knowledgeably frame, on the sport field, which was till recently depend in its training programs on the physical, skill and tactical aspects only, ignoring unintentionally the mental abilities and its measuring methods and its ways to improving it and its relation with movement skills which leads in the end to the skilled performance of various sport competitions including discus. According the researcher, there is no scientific study mentioned the mental abilities in discus for elite players and its relationship with the achievement of the discus, so the statement of the problem is to know if there is a relationship between some of the mental abilities with the achievement of discus for elite players. The goals of the research: 1. Identify the most important mental abilities of elite players in discus competition. 2. To identify the relationship between some of the mental abilities with the achievement of discus for elite players. The researcher selected the research sample intentionally from elite players of discus for the sport season 2014 - 2015, (6) players were selected, and another (3) players were selected but not from sample of the research for the exploratory experiment. The researcher is clarifying them as follows: (Bourdon- Anvimov) modified test for attention, Sense-Movement recognition test Conclusion: 1. There is significant correlation relation between mental ability (attention intensity) with discus achievement for elite players. 2. There is significant correlation relation between mental ability (attention concentration) with discus achievement for elite players. 3. There is significant correlation relation between mental ability (Sense - movement recognition) represented by the sense recognition of the grip strength test with discus achievement for elite players. 4. There is correlation relation between mental ability (Sense - movement recognition) represented by the sense of time estimation test with discus achievement for elite players. KEYWORDS: Mental. Related. Achievement

51-56

Authors: Twana Wahbi Ghafoor

The study aims to: 1- Identify the effect of animated images with and without musical rhythms between pre and post tests on learning forehand and backhand shooting skills in table-tennis. 2- Identify the differences among groups of the study in post-measurements to determine the best educational method in learning forehand and backhand shooting skills in table-tennis. The researcher used the empirical method as it is proper to the nature of the study. Sample of the study was chosen purposively from second grade students at School of Physical Education, Halabja University for the academic year 2014 – 2015 (44 students) and they were divided into four equal groups: three empirical groups and one control group. The total numbers of sample are 36 students; each curriculum consisted of 10 units for each group (two units a week). The researcher used slow and loud music with applied exercises of both skills of straight forehand and backhand shots for the second and third groups. The researcher reached a set of conclusions including: 1- Using animated images with and without musical rhythms had a positive effect on learning forehand and backhand shooting skills in table-tennis. 2- The third empirical group excelled (animated images with loud musical rhythms) over the second empirical group (animated images with slow musical rhythms) and the control group in learning forehand and backhand shooting skills in table-tennis. KEYWORDS: Musical. Rhythms. Learning. Table-Tennis

60-65

Authors: Labeeb Zouyan Mosiseek - Nabhan Hamed Ahmeed

Sport training, according to the recurring training, is considered one of the important fundamentals that all rapid sports depend. Volleyball is one of these important sports. Raising up the level of skills requires major training effort that can be known through the physical and functional competence. Volleyball depends fully on the system of the anaerobic energy Through at Recurring training due to the nature of this sport that requires quick response for the players' limbs so as to face some sudden difficult balls. That system does not need oxygen foe a very short period of time. The physiological variables give a general assessment of the efficiency and capacity of the muscles to work in the absence of oxygen. This requires coaches and players to be aware of the functions of the various parts of the body. Thus, they determine the components of training load to improve the level of sports. Areas of Research 20 players was divided into two groups the first experimental and the second control group. Conclusions it The recurring training, lead to a positive change in the proportion of the rapid interaction activity in muscle and lead to raising up the level of the kinetic response. Codifying the elements of training with the high interval training style has a significance to improve the physical and physiological competence. Special exercises used in the training curriculum effectively contributed in improving the performance for Physical performance and skill of volleyball player. KEYWORDS: Ballistic. Explosive. Strength. Shooting. Handball.

78-84

Authors: Nabeel Kahdem Hrebid - Sarab Shaker

The development of fitness elements of the foundation stone in the development of skills the ability to handball players and one of the main requirements that help enable the player and governed by the inhabitants and play, especially that skill correction depends primarily on muscle power through the correction from several directions and distances and different angles and Ptoukitat variety and places multiple, and you need to provide kinetic momentum is connected to the transfer of power in the player of the two men's body to the arms of the timing correction of the ball by a good consistency, lies the problem of searching through researchers experience being the practitioners and trainers of the game handball noted that some coaches are turning in their training on the implementation of multiple means and methods in the development of power in general and non-specialist through physical exercises explosive speed and distinctive capacity or speed motor exercises and transitional and perhaps some exercises and weightlifting this reason inadequate training march to the requirements of the modern play,. So the researchers felt the use of plastic exercises to develop explosive power and distinct capacity as quickly and its impact on the accuracy of the correction forms to hand reel Nacian.uhedv search: 1-way set up a training program for the development of plastic explosive distinctive ability and the ability of the players as quickly reel Hand junior. 2-see the effect of developing explosive power and distinctive ability to perform fast forms of correction hand reel junior accuracy. The researchers used the experimental approach to design Almtkavitan groups with pre and post tests. And it identifies the research community Billabong aspiring hand reel in the denominator Sports Club totaling 28 players were selected the same random way and simple's 20-man squad, and is then divided into two groups the first trial and the rate of (10) players, and the second officer and the rate of (10) players The researchers also .ostkhaddm Ihamalosail statistical treatment of their data, namely, (Alusk arithmetic mean and standard deviation and t-test for independent samples and asymmetric) The most important findings are: 1. Showed significant differences between pretest and posttest results of the control and experimental groups in explosive power and speed and distinctive forms of correction for young players hand reel Development 2. The training curriculum ballistic prepared by the researcher (experimental group) had the effect of improving the explosive speed and the ability and distinctive forms of correction for young players hand reel by the results that have been reached development. KEYWORDS: Ballistic. Explosive. Strength. Shooting. Handball.

1-6

Authors: Adwaa Wirwir Neama ,Turky Helal Kadhem , Rasha Khazaal Abdelkerim

Conducted the current study to nine players from the team Diyala University badminton underwent tests and measurements testing research by device (Fit mate pro) used in Ajraat research in order to identify the response functional for the respiratory system on according to energy systems working for the players and then compare them in Benaha in three cases system} is anaerobic work (ATB) system and work lactic (PC) and the oxygen system work (O2) {and then processing the data was obtained from the appropriate statistical tests and operations which were reached: 1.a discrepancy in the results of the respiration rate of the research groups and in favor of the working group energy system (anaerobic) 2.a discrepancy in the results of pulmonary ventilation (VE) for the benefit of the working group lactic energy system 3there is a difference in the outcome of the concentration of oxygen in the exhaled air (FEO2) for the benefit of the working group system (ATP-PC) and light that researchers recommended the need for diversity in the training of the numbers of players, badminton and the emphasis on training system energy anaerobic system work lactic (ATB-PC) the fact that these two systems are the most widely used in sports activity of badminton players

10-17

Authors: Vishal .O. Banne , Rajkumar Sharma

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of different training modalities on aerobic and anaerobic capacity of male soccer players. Sixty male football players between the age of 16 – 20 year of age from Jabalpur, Chinndwara and Tikamgarh (M.P.) those who regularly participate in training and inter district competitions, were selected for the present study. Random group design was used to evaluate the effect of different training modalities. The selected subjects (N=60) were randomly divided into three groups with subjects in each group out of which experimental group-I underwent the plyometeric training. Experimental group II underwent specific training thrice in a week along with two days match practice. Group-III (control group) participated in their regular game for 12 weeks the 80 minutes to 90 minutes training was devoted towards warming up and stretching. The pre and post tests were administered to the subjects at the play grounds and tracks. Before administering the tests the subjects were given proper warming up under the supervision of the research scholar. Aerobic Capacity and Anaerobic Capacity were identified for the present study. Anaerobic capacity: Margeria Kalamen power test. Anaerobic capacity was estimated by using the formula. Power watts = (M x D ) x 9.8/t. Aerobic capacity: Estimated using cooper 12 min run/walk test and VO2 Max was determined by the formula VO2 Max = 22.351 x distance covered in km – 11.288. Unit of measurement is (ml per kg per min). In order to compare the effectiveness of different training modalities, means, standard deviations and one way Analysis of Co- Variance (ANCOVA) was computed. . In case of significant F-ratios, the Least Significant Difference (L.S.D) Test of Post hoc Comparison was used to find out the specific group differences. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence. The results of study revealed that the twelve weeks systematic training programme consisting of plyometric exercises had contribute effect on anaerobic capacity of football players. But the plyometric exercises did not have any significant effect for improving the aerobic capacity of football players. Keywords: Anaerobic capacity, Aerobic capacity, Plyomtric exercises, male soccer players.

25-30

Authors: Emad Toama Rady

Scientific advance in sports opened new limitless horizons in sport sciences such as teaching and kinetic education methods which witness wide progress and new theories to cope with modern trends in teaching and learning. Basketball is one of the enjoyable team sports that spread rapidly and practiced by both males and females with different ages. It also contains suspense for players and audience in addition to its complete benefit to develop all parts of the body as a result of continuous speed and struggle among defenders and attackers which copes with the nature, euphoria and education motivation of the youth. Thus, the importance of the study becomes clear in testing effective teaching strategies that aim to discipline, control, accuracy, increasing in frequent attempts, considering individual differences, teacher’s participation in giving behavioral educational decisions, variability in educational contents to be consistent with learners’ potentials, overlapping between educational curricula, integrating different patterns of teaching methods and different types of exercise. This, in itself, leads to effective communication in teaching especially in learning some basic basketball skills for beginner students among basketball lessons in Physical Education. As for problem of the study, the researcher found that reasons behind poor performance of students is continuous traditional teaching due to educational curricula for practical subjects including basketball and not using modern educational curricula, strategies and different exercises that help students towards learning and make them practice high valued performance. This can be done by using new educational programs of basic basketball skills and competitive teaching due to training network that increase individual and team competitiveness in learning some basic basketball skills. As for goals of the study, they include: preparing an educational curricula with units using teaching by competition for single, team and group learning due to training network exercises to learn some attacking basketball skills. The researcher used the empirical method on a sample consisting of students of the first year, Faculty of Education; Aljameaa Al Mostanserya (57 thousand students) divided into three empirical groups. The used tools: information collection methods, skill tests, exploratory trial, scientific principles, pre-tests, post-tests, educational curricula and statistical means. The researcher concluded that the proposed educational curriculum using competitive learning due to training network exercise has a positive effect on learning skilled performance level in long pass over shoulder, scoring and jumping skills for sample students.

38-42

Authors: Nabil Khalil Ibrahim

Programs of sport training in the past were based on improvising, but now it became an educational process subject to principles that aim to prepare players completely to achieve the highest possible level in any type of sport activities. Harmonic exercises are used y trainers and athletes regularly due to its effect on performance efficiency. Harmonic exercises process is considered one of the important elements of preparing players even inside the training unit. The problem of the study lies in trainers’ non-interest of preparing training units and using improper exercises with the development of football which is became characterized by high fitness, functional and skilled abilities of players. The goal of the study is to determine the effect of harmonic exercises on enhancing strength speed, maximum limit of relative oxygen consumption and scoring in football. Hypothesis of the study: there are statistically significant differences at level (0.05α ≥) between pre and post tests for the empirical and control group in the effect of harmonic exercises on enhancing strength speed, maximum limit of relative oxygen consumption and scoring in football. Methodology: the researcher adopted the empirical method as it is proper for the nature, problem and goals of the study. Population and sample of the study: the population of the study consisted of the 1st year students in the Physical Education Department, Faculty of Basic Education, Al Mostansereya University / 2015 (56 students). As for the sample of the study, it was chosen purposively of males only (36 males) after eliminating 20 female students (64% of total population). The sample is homogeneous as individuals were subjected to a testing battery for selection to be accepted in the department. The researcher divided the sample into two equal groups (18 students each) randomly. Harmonic exercises were applied in the first group (empirical group) for 25 minutes before starting the training unit, while the traditional method was used with the second group (control group). The researcher used parity and using legalized tests on the variables of the study. He made pre and post test and used multiple statistical methods such as arithmetic means, percentages, standard deviation, skewness coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient and median for independent and equal samples. Conclusion and recommendations: efficiency of harmonic exercises prepared by the researcher and their properness to the nature of the study. The researcher found a clear development in enhancing strength speed, maximum limit of relative oxygen consumption and scoring as a result of using harmonic exercises. The researcher recommends the increase of time period of using training programs accompanying harmonic exercises.

47-51

Authors: Faten Ismael Mohammed

Through the researcher’s follow-up of the sample of the study as she is specialist in kinetic biomechanical analysis, she found that sample members unable to endure training pressures during training, especially high training loads. The researcher thinks that the reason for this is due to muscular strength which may cause them deficiency in bone density. This, in turn, leads to a degradation of some biomechanical variables related to perform the flat serve skill in tennis, which in turn reflects on accuracy. That’s why the researcher to include this kind of exercise using rubber and determine its effect on bone density and some kinematic variables related to flat serve in tennis in preparation and ball impact moments. The research was conducted on a sample of 8 players from Al Araby Club and their ages from 20 to 22 years old. After pre- tests, the prepared training was performed for 12 weeks in four training units (each unit is 90 minutes). After the end of the set period, post-tests were performed in the same conditions of pre-tests and with the same work team, and then the researcher analyzed players’ movements using the Kenova program for kinetic analysis to extract the kinematic variables under study. Next, the researcher used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program to show and analyze data in special tables. Finally, scientific result discussion with the aid of some references related to the topic of the study. The researcher reached a set of conclusions such as that rubber resistance exercises have a positive effect on increasing bone density of the arms which was reflected positively on some kinematic variables too.

56-61

Authors: Ghoson Natek Abdelhamid Al Wadi

Sport games develop noticeably through achieving world records and achievements in most games which encouraged researchers to focus most of their attention on the most accurate scientific and field details in the field of sport training. In its physical and skill preparation, shooting is one of the games that depend on strength as it plays a role in developing the game’s special abilities such as strength endurance and kinetic balance. Problem of the study lies in that: nature of performance in air shooting (10 m), especially air pistol shooting, is characterized by high accuracy which requires both physical effort and muscular endurance to determine muscular direction correctly and accurately to achieve shooting accuracy. The researcher noticed signs of early tiredness on shooters and their failure in accuracy in last shots which made the researcher conduct a study in this field and try to find suitable solutions that serve the skilled aspect in this game through preparing suitable training methods for this purpose. The study aims to: 1. Prepare a set of strength exercises by the station training method for air pistol shooters. 2. Identify the effect of strength training with the station method in strength endurance of muscles of arms, shoulders and back muscles on kinetic balance of air pistol shooters. 3. Identify the relation between shooting accuracy and strength endurance (for arms and kinetic balance). The researcher used the empirical method and selected. The researcher used fixed strength training using the stations method and reached the following conclusions: 1- The researcher concluded that the station training method contributed effectively in developing physical abilities as it is an interesting method and not traditional in shooting exercises. 2- There is a notable development in physical abilities of air pistol shooters (strength endurance of arms, the back and kinetic balance) which shows effectiveness of the prepared exercises and their positive effect. The researcher recommends making similar researches and studies in other sports with different age categories for males and females and study variables that serve the athletic level. Key word: Strength Training, Strength, Kinetic, Balance, Endurance, Shooting Accuracy, Pistol Shooting

67-72

Authors: Jabbar Khudhair Abbas

A learner is one of the aspects of educational process in general that aims to develop his/her abilities and change his/her behavior. It was necessary for educators, officials and experts to find teaching methods that contribute to learning process. Hence, direct teaching methods by Mosten are important. In these methods, a teacher determines activities, skills and duties which he teaches and teachers are first decision makers. Among these methods, there is the reciprocal method that is characterized by many feedbacks by the observed students. Problem of the Study:Through the work of the researcher in teaching and specialization in physical education teaching methods following up teaching practical subjects including football, he noticed that there are difficulties in learning kinetic skills which need using suitable methods leading to increase learners’ motives towards correct learning. There is no teaching method by which a student can work with great independence in both lesson execution and evaluation phases. Goals of the Study:Identifying the effect of the consecutive & random reciprocal method accompanying the execution of kinetic skills on learning football’s skilled performance and identify which is the most proper reciprocal method in learning some football skills. Hypotheses of the Study:There are statistically significant differences between pre and post tests’ results in learning some football skills for empirical and control groups for the sake of post tests. There are statistically significant differences between results of post-tests of the three groups of the study: two empirical groups (consecutive and random) and one control group for the sake of the random training group. The researcher used the empirical method by designing empirical and control groups. The sample consists of the first year students in Physical Education Department, the Faculty of Education, Misan University. The sample was divided into three groups: two empirical groups (consecutive and random) and one control group. The researcher took into consideration equivalency as well as depending on methodological terms and legalizing tests of football skills. He depended on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) method. Among the most significant conclusions of the study, there is the positive effect of the used empirical method according to consecutive and random exercises using the reciprocal method. Among the most significant conclusions of the study, there is the work on benefiting from results of the study using consecutive and random exercises by reciprocal method, understudy to diagnose the skilled performance level.

79-82

Authors: Nasr Hussein Abdelamir , Raad Abdelamir Finjan

Through field experience of both researchers, as one of them is a trainer and the other in an international referee (Head of Referees Committee), after having professional players in the Iraqi league, they noticed that it is necessary for a professional player to find psychological security and stability. Due to the critical stage which Iraq witnesses; professional players have some fears from playing in the Iraqi league which may affect their psychological and mental security in competitions, so the researchers decided to study this issue and attempt to identify its reasons and find solutions. Goal of the Study: The study aims to identify the relation between psychological security and performance level of professional basketball players in the Iraqi premier league, season 2014 – 2015. The researcher used descriptive surveying method as it is proper to the nature of the study. Sample of the study consists of (14 professional players of professional basketball players) as part of population of the study for the basketball league in season 2014 – 2015 (20 players). Results were treated using some statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and percentage and Pearson correlation coefficient). Among the most important conclusion: (achieving a great percentage of the study sample high level of psychological security in performance) and they recommended that it is important to determine levels of psychological security of professional basketball players.

87-94

Authors: Bouderbala Mohamed , Harzelli Hocine

Educational institutions are the origin of socialization and its second environment. It is full of public education contents to be offered to people of society in all scientific and knowledge fields, especially physical and sport education as it is a part and parcel of education as it aims to build young people psychologically, physically, socially and ethically. Physical and sport education encourages all of us to be more interested in the youth and their various talents and provide suitable atmosphere for them and their hobbies in addition to provide them with suitable possible equipments and preparations to practice all activities that enable to form and develop individual personalities. Among those students, there are students of the third secondary stage who reached their last educational stage and are ready to face practical life and choose their professional career’s future after joining higher education.

1-7

Authors: MALLEK ANIS

The aim of the present study is to examine if the sport experience, culture, and time management allow better load balancing of the drive in the sports team and balance the demands of performance and individual performance of its members. This articulation was thinking on how the influence of values and representations constructed in the history of sports could affect individual and collective temporal behavior. Our approach is based on research done by others in the field of health and marketing under the observation of social and cultural change. We, we refer here to the theoretical analysis that has guided us to explain some of the sporting lines and especially to account for the introduction of an innovation. In this part, a test of the difference in the average level of individual items (t-test) the standard deviation and the correlation between the temporal dimensions is used.

13-17

Authors: kholuod Nizar Ali Deeb

This study aims to identify the extent of the potential application of knowledge management processes in the General Sports Federation in Syria, from the standpoint of its employees, the researcher used the descriptive approach to the way the scanning of their relevance to the nature of the study was conducted And the research sample included 177 individuals from working in the public sports federation in Syria distributors in the following form: 13 people working in middle management, and 164 members of staff in the executive management , The results of the study and that the term knowledge management are not taken to be used extensively and there is no strategic plan proposed by the General Sports Federation for the application of knowledge management and administration is eager to speed the arrival of the information provided, There are no adequate budget to support knowledge management projects in addition to the lack of appropriate mechanisms for the reception of ideas between employees, and operates the administration to classify data are referenced in a time of need, but the federation withholds activate consultancy between the federation and scientific research centers, and the media contribute in transferring of knowledge.

23-25

Authors: BAN ABDULRAHMAN IBRAHEEM

The importance of the research lies in the possibility to insight the interested in childhood and those in charge of the implementation of health programs to the importance of physical activity, which is associated with health awareness among children in orphanages institutions. It is an objective treatment in a large part of health care as well as it opens more future prospects in the field of health for these children and the extent of the improvement in their health responses to the different programs that offered to them. The research problem lies in finding the relationship between physical activity and health awareness for children of orphanages in order to keep their public health and determine the effect of physical activity on them. The researcher used the descriptive relational approach manner, and selected sample of children of orphanages aged between (16.8 years) for the application of search objectives. The researcher addressed the results reached statistically and organized them in illustrative tables and are discussed in a scientific manner supported by sources. The researcher concluded that there is a positive relationship between physical activity and health awareness.

29-33

Authors: Ismael Abd Zid Ashur - Ali Khoam Khatib - Mohammed Ghani Hussein

Contrastive teaching method is one of the methods used in education technology in the field of kinetic learning which saves time and effort in explaining the subject material. This method depends on determining general goals including behavioral goals (self-kinetic, perceptional and emotional) proportionate with age class and individual differences between learners. Football is one of the team sports that is practiced on the school’s level, clubs and universities. This game contains multiple basic skills which require teaching methods that achieve the educational purpose. Learning football depends on the educational situation that copes with the type of skill needed to be learnt as well as the teacher’s nature. Not every skill needs the same method, but the skill of scoring is difficult and complex to be executed. It needs a method which attracts the teacher’s attention and follows the mobilized learning especially when we feel that the difficulty of this skill may distract attention as a practical step, reducing concentration in learning a skill. Thus, the idea of merging learning methods related to attention focus as a practical step to be actual participation in learning difficult motor skills including the scoring skill in football in a way which attracts the teacher’s attention and raise the ability of his concentration and acquire and master skills. The study aims to identify the effect of the contrastive teaching method in developing attention focus and scoring skill in football. The study sample was chosen from students of the second year of the Faculty of Physical Education – Faculty of Basic Education, Aljameaa Almostanseria. The researcher used the Burn-Enfimov test to measure attention focus and test technical performance and scoring in football, and then the researcher applied the prepared methodology including the explanation of the scoring skill after using the current optimal model in presenting the skill. Accordingly, the study sample applied this skill during educational units. The educational curriculum lasted for 4 weeks (2 units a week). The researcher concluded that the contrastive teaching method has a positive effect on learning the skill of scoring in football, developing attention focusing related to this skill and learning using contrastive teaching method priority in learning the skill of scoring in football and developing focusing attention related to this skill.

38-42

Authors: Amer Fakhir shaghati **Faeza Abdul-Jabbar Ahmed *** Ferial Sami Khalil

The means of healing are one of the methods which helping the athlete to returns for his normal state and reduce the energy spend on the athlete’s burden, through the observation of the researchers and their followed up to the physical training, they noticed a problem there is no focus on the using of a means of healing, including the (water) in all of the training cases which to return the athlete to his normal state or close of the normal state, which has prompted researchers to make this study through using the means of healing in order to rapid return the athlete to what it was substituted, The aim of this study is to identifying the impact of using (Refreshment Water) as a means of healing between the duplicates on some basic physical capabilities of the sample’s members . The researchers used the experimental approach in their research’s problem’s solving they were applied the curriculum’s variables on the Research’s sample which selected intentionally of the children between (8-10 years) they are (30) divided into (15) athlete for each group (experimental and control group was Researchers conclude the following: The emergence of a positive effect on the variables of the study and the experimental group used(Refreshment Water)

1-6

Authors: Mohamed Serag El-dein Mahgoub Mohamed* Mohamed Taher Mahmoud El-desoky ** Mohamed Abd Elmaboud Mohamed***

The purpose of the study is compare between cavitation radiofrequency and mesotherapy on abdominal adiposity. 45 obese subjects of both sexes ranged in age from twenty five to forty five years participated in this study were selected from specialized center for obesity and categorized randomly into 3 groups of equal number (each group 15 subjects). Group A received (cavitation radiofrequency and diet), Group B received (mesotherapy and diet), Group C received (diet only) all groups were observed for 6 weeks. Body weight, height, waist hip ratio and skin fold were measured before and after intervention. Results: There was significant improvement in the three groups in waist circumference, waist hip ratio, and suprailiac skin fold in favor of cavitation radiofrequency group, with no significant difference in body weight and BMI in the three groups after intervention. Conclusions: Cavitation radiofrequency is more effective than mesotherapy in reduction of abdominal obesity.

14-18

Authors: Belkacem KHIAT* Hacène MEHDIOUI ** Mohamed BOUGRIDA

The aim of this long study was to examine the pattern of change of boy’s anaerobic power during the different stages of puberty. 82 sedentary scholar boys aged from 11 to 16 years agreed to been followed for 2 years, in their schools. We proceed to measure the different anthropometric indicators. Stages of maturation were estimated according to Tanner’s classification. The evaluation of the anaerobic process was done through the speed-force’s test of Vandewalle. The results show that the majority of morphological indicators of the population developed very significantly from the first to the fourth stage of puberty. The transition from the second to the third stage of puberty seems decisive in the evolution of major morphological and physiological effort parameters. From stage 1 to stage 4 there has been a very significant development (p˂0.001) of Anaerobic Maximal Power (Wanmax) and Maximum Force (Fo). Among boys, the passage from the second to the third stage of puberty seems decisive in the evolution of principles morphological and physiological parameters of the effort.

24-27

Authors: Omar Abdul Ghafoor Abdul Hafiz* Marwah nabeeh Mohammed Atta** Wissam Sahib Hassan

Was and faculties of Physical Education remains the focus of attention for many of the students' attitudes toward exercise and the consequent health implications for the body and these reflections take large grants and a vast difference from the accepted students have a physical and skill background such as belonging to one of the clubs compared to the accepted students from non-practitioners of the sport these are things that will create a situation of differences among students in terms of fitness and skill level, and that this positive for practitioners and negative differences will be reflected in the coating of non-practicing and therefore what would be a burden on the fitness and physiological changes level, including the heart, thus creating a difference range in the student response to the practical exercises and lessons the study aims to identify the Atheraldros process to develop the fitness of the heart muscle as well as the comparison between Fitness cardiovascular system for students who play sports and belong to sports clubs and students who do not exercise does not belong to sports clubs have researchers used the descriptive approach manner comparative studies because it is the most appropriate means to resolve research problem and sample consisted search of (15) students from the first stage _ Faculty of Physical Education students, in the form of three first set groups consisted of (5) request athletes in the Iraqi clubs and the second group consisted of (5) request non-athletes from non-practicing sports and the third group consisted of (5) Girls, has formed a selected sample who underwent testing for no percentage (16.3%) of the research community and the results of the study concluded that the exercises given in the practical lessons did not affect the athletes while the group weighed heavily on a group of students and a group is athletes. The Cardio Fitness Aerobic among female students was better than a sophisticated group of athletes and non-athletes

34-39

Authors: Mohamed Ali Elshafey* Ragab Kamal Elnaggar

Objective: Studying the effect of Robot Enhanced Therapy on hemiplegic children. Thirty six spastic hemiplegic children were selected from comprehensive rehabilitation center in Najran, ranged in age from nine to twelve years old divided randomly into two matched groups. The control group received the selected program for correcting upper limb in addition to occupational therapy, while the study group received the same selected program for correcting upper limb pathomechanics in addition to robot enhanced therapy. Both groups received treatment for one hour three times weekly for three successive months. Maximum hand grip strength, shoulder range of motion and grasping age equivalent were measured for both groups before and after intervention. Results: There was significant improvement in all the measuring variables for both groups in favor for study group. Conclusions: Robot assisted and computer enhanced hand therapy is an effective and promising method of hand function rehabilitation in hemiplegic children.

45-49

Authors: Mohammed Nader Shalaby* Saleh A. El Tarabily

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of sport diving on stem cells CD34+ and complete blood picture. Materials and Methods: 10 male sport divers aged (23-34 yrs) with a history of diving of (5-1o years) were recruited for this study. They were instructed to dive for 45 min. Blood sample was drawn before and after diving in Hurghada Area, complete blood picture was estimated using coulter counter and CD34+ was determined by flow cytometry. Results showed an increased CD34+ after diving compared to rest state. Also, complete blood picture increased as well. Conclusion: The increased CD34+ counts might indicate that diving is involved in the wellbeing and health of divers. The elevated blood picture reported an improvement in fitness and immunity and deserve further study in diving based rehabilitation programs.

55-61

Authors: Mohammed Mutlaq Badr Al-Saadi ** Shehab Ahmed Hammoud

The study included four sections, the researcher in the first section introduce to the idea of research, in view of the development of physical and sports activities and increase the burden on athletes and the requirements of this increases the probability of the occurrence of sports injuries and this may adversely affect the athlete's physical condition and therefore tender in addition to the possibility of aggravation of the injury and the subsequent consequences and effects on solid athlete. And summarized the goals Search by: 1.Therapeutic approach using specific therapeutic means for basketball players put (youth). 2. Identify the effect of therapeutic and rehabilitative approach to the research sample members in the tribal tests reported in a posteriori. Kdastkhaddm researchers and experimental approach Kmaachtert sample-style intentional The most important bricks adopted by researchers to reach the search results that he used a variety of means for the purpose of determining the severity of the infection and measured in addition to verification of the level of success of the proposed approach after its implementation and this means is: And summarized the goals Search by: 1. Therapeutic approach using specific therapeutic means for basketball players put (youth). 2. Identify the effect of therapeutic and rehabilitative approach to the research sample members in the tribal tests reported in a posteriori. The researchers used the experimental method was selected as the sample-style intentional The most important bricks adopted by researchers to reach the search results that he used a variety of means for the purpose of determining the severity of the infection and measured in addition to verification of the level of success of the proposed approach and after the implementation of these methods are: 1. Measuring thigh circumference infected man 2- Measure the degree of pain 3. Measuring degree of strength in legs 4. Measure the strength of the muscles of the thighs front 5- Measure the strength of the muscles of the back thighs Then introduced the research sample of the proposed approach qualifying for this researchers used a number of therapeutic means and identified according to the opinion of doctors and the type and severity of injury where identified casualties bruise muscle and tear muscular simple, medium, and the means as a blogger in below where experts identified four of the means used researchers begin treating hour injury and even start rehabilitative approach, namely: Infrared (l.R). - Cooling. - Massage device (electric massage). - Manual massage. After processing the results statistically they found a set of conclusions are: And no statistically significant differences between tribal and dimensional tests for the research sample of indicators for reducing the degree of pain 1- And no statistically significant differences between tribal and dimensional tests for the research sample of indicators for the development of strength degree in legs. 2- No statistically significant differences between tribal and dimensional tests for the research sample of indicators for the development of muscle strength femoral front.

66-68

Authors: Omar Abdul Ghafoor Abdul Hafiz* Ahmed Hassan Yas ** Ali Abdul Ghafoor Abdul Hafiz

Impact of physical effort unaoxigini to change some salts of blood and some types of correction basketball for men The basketball game from games that require and need aerobic and anaerobic indicators measure the reverse efficiency of physical preparation and development achievement .The researchers headed to the shed Physical effort and unaoxgini effect in changing some blood and salts (calcium, potassium, sodium) and a precision shooting skills in basketball players Mustansiriyah University basketball team. We used descriptive research sample consisted of 10 players from the squad as selected Mustansiriyah University deliberately researchers applied a training effort anaerobically was Kiss measuring salts of potassium, calcium, sodium and strictly anaerobic workouts then applied correction, and the researchers concluded The concentration of salts in the blood plasma were within normal limits in both the MRDS and tribal walbadi sample research and increasing the concentration of salts is directly proportional with the amount of sweat suit is lost. The researchers recommended that functional and chemical tests for legalization and building training programs in addition to other variables and the need to use functional tests and chemical Straighteners training status.

75-78

Authors: Yaqoub Youssif Abdel Zahra* Tayseer Nazem

The problem of the research was about the lack of use appropriate teaching methods in the middle schools to achieve effective learning, which is supposed to invest as much as possible of the academic learning time during the lesson, and about the importance of that stage. The goals of research, including (set a curriculum in the cooperative learning style, to learn some basic skills of Handball and investment of the academic learning time. the research sample included (Students in middle second grade in Al Abrar School for Boys). The researchers used the experimental method and the manner of experimental groups to compare between groups The research sample has been selected in purposive way represented in students in middle second grade in Al Abrar School for the academic year (2013/2014), totaling 85 students divided into three groups, the study concluded that there are moral differences with statistical significance of the research sample individuals in some basic skills of handball and academic learning time, the study found that it's important to use the cooperative learning style in middle school, because of being effective for the age of this stage, because it adds several factors to the students the most important of them are (self-confidence, self-reliance, love of cooperation, configure intimate relationships with each other).

85-87

Authors: Pietro Montesano

The research was conducted on a sample of 50 adolescents (30 males and 20 females) aged between 16 and 19 years to assess the effectiveness of physical activity in overweight subjects. The study was carried out by administering a questionnaire and through the participation in one extra hour of training per week over a period of six months beyond the scheduled curricular hours of Physical Education in a secondary school in Naples. Method The questionnaire was administered at the beginning to test how interested adolescents are in the problems related to obesity. Participants were offered a program of additional training after their body weight had been measured, and then grouped by similar weight (average weight). The survey was then carried out at the end of extra sessions. Results and Conclusion the results showed that 26 subjects on a sample of 50 reduced their body weight by carrying out a simple additional training session per week. The collection of data confirmed the importance of holding physical activity even if it does not qualify as competitive sports activity.