Moldovan Medical Journal

3-9

Authors: Dumbraveanu Ion, Ciuhrii Ceslav, Tanase Adrian

Background: The treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis remains an unexplained urology problem. Adenoprosin is a new entomological product containing lipoprotein extract of Lepidopteran insect species. Laboratory studies of the product have shown that it possesses antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Material and methods: Nonbacterial prostatitis was experimentally modeled on 100 white Wistar rats. Adenoprosin, 150 mg rectal suppositories, was tested against the reference product Vitaprost, 50 mg rectal suppositories and placebo on both the aseptic acute and chronic non-bacterial prostatitis models. In the acute prostatitis model, treatment lasted 7 days and in chronic prostatitis 15 days. The treatment efficacy criteria consisted of assessment of the general condition and histological results. Results: In rats receiving Adenoprosin, the microscopic image of the prostate showed a decrease in the severity of the inflammatory process, in both acute aseptic and chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, manifested by the recovery on the surface of the epithelial cells in the stromal area of the prostate, and decrease in vascular congestion and number of acini with desquamated epithelium. Conclusions: The product of entomological origin Adenoprosin, showed an obvious anti-inflammatory effect in the experimental model of aseptic acute or chronic non-bacterial prostatitis induced on Wistar white rats, similar to the Vitaprost reference product, and significant compared to placebo (p<0.05).

14-19

Authors: Lesnic Evelina

Background: Tuberculosis outcome and clinical features of the infection are influenced by the degree of the multiplication of mycobacterias, host’s defense mechanisms and the organism’s capacity to fight through the antioxidant mechanisms against the aggression of the oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to assess the oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and methods: A prospective study, which included 46 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 36 healthy persons determined according to the clinical and biochemical criteria, was performed. The oxidative stress was assessed through the level of the advanced oxidation protein products, advanced glycation end-products, fibrinogen, amino acid catabolic products, activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. The determination of the total antioxidant activity of plasma was performed through ABTS and CUPRAC methods. IL-8 and TNF-α were assessed using analysis kits of BOSTER (USA) producer. Results: Was established high level of the oxidative stress following the assessment of the concentration of the advanced oxidation protein products, advanced glycation end-products, fibrinogen, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, urea and creatinine. High concentration of amino acid catabolic products was attributed to the nephrotoxic properties of the medication. Was identified high level of the plasma total antioxidant activity and antioxidant compounds. Cytokines concentration IL-8 and TNF-α was several times higher than in the control group and they were assessed as specific biomarkers. Conclusions: High level of the protein peroxidation, advanced glycation end-products, fibrinogen, protein catabolism compounds, pro-inflammatory cytokines – IL-8 and TNF-α confirmed the boosting of the oxidative stress. The elevated total antioxidant activity and antioxidant proteins demonstrated the organism’s capacity to redress the oxidative aggression.

25-31

Authors: Dolapciu Elena

Background: The prevalence of obesity increased worldwide in children and adolescents from 1975 to 2016. The recent increase in childhood obesity has led to an interest in the question of which definitions should be used to distinguish the obese child. Body mass index (BMI) was recommended for use in children to assess body weight status. There are several international (World Health Organization, International Obesity Task Force, Center for Disease Control) and national BMI cut-offs references, and it is a major obstacle in studying global secular trends for younger age groups. Moreover, BMI does not distinguish between increased mass in the form of fat, lean tissue or bone, and hence can lead to significant misclassification. The ideal monitoring tool should directly assess adiposity. All available body composition methods in children are indirect. The gold standard for body composition is the four compartment (4-C) model. Although bioelectrical impedance analysis is most susceptible to imprecision when compared with the 4-C model it is the most logical bedside method to apply in children owing to its low cost, noninvasiveness, lack of radiation exposure and ease of use. Conclusions: BMI may produce a significant level of misclassification. Population-based cut-off values for body fat determined by body composition reference methods are the best criterion. Bioelectrical impedance is inexpensive, portable, simple and rapid to use. Further studies to elucidate the relationship among BMI, body fatness, fat distribution, and health risks in children should be followed.

38-44

Authors: Draguta Ilarion, Lupasco Constantin, Gorincioi Ghenadie, Targon Roman, Draguta Diana

Background: The neurotransmitters (epinephrine and norepinephrine) of the sympathetic nervous system that perform numerous cellular and tissue functions contribute to tumor growth during the early stages of development. At the same time, these bioactive substances act as mediators of the descending antinociceptive system that cause inhibition of pain at the suprasegmental and segmental levels of the neurotransmission. Later studies point to the involvement of afferent sensory neurons in tumor process. The functionality of these structures can be changed due to the structural features caused by genetic disorders of myelin. In addition to that, tumor augmentation of sensory neurons endings leads to the involvement of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the affected area and the creation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. At the same time, in the secondary inflammatory process, various enzymes that change the cellular matrix and cause invasion and metastasis are released. In addition to sensitizing cytokines, immunocompetent cells – macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes – can also produce opioid peptides that target the desensitization of peripheral nociceptors. Opioid peptides inhibit the excitability of sensory nerves without central unwanted side effects such as depression of breathing, clouding of consciousness, or addiction. This peripheral antinociceptive system with ICC may allow the neoplasm to remain asymptomatic for a while. The changes in afferent impulses at the central level in oncopathology can also be associated with those in the functionality of Toll-like receptors. Conclusions: Taking into account the aforementioned literature data about oncogenesis, it may be assumed the presence of a new complex pathogenetic pattern that ensures the asymptomatic evolution of prostate cancer. A better coverage of this data may facilitate further search for early markers of the disease.

49-55

Authors: Rosca Daniela

Background: There is currently convincing clinical and experimental evidence that a hyperglycemic intrauterine environment is responsible not only for significant short-term outcomes in the fetus and newborn infant, but it is also an increased risk for long-term outcomes, such as developing diabetes mellitus and other chronic diseases in adulthood. Short-term complications can occur in utero (i. e. diabetic fetopathy, fetal macrosomia, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital malformations, intrauterine fetal death); during labor (shoulder dystocia, birth injuries, intranatal death) and during the neonatal period (respiratory distress syndrome, metabolic, electrolytic and hematological disorders, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, neonatal mortality). The risk of adverse outcomes is greater in pre-gestational diabetes, but undiagnosed and / or poorly controlled gestational diabetes can lead to similar consequences. Although there is currently a relatively clear view on the pathogenesis of fetal and neonatal complications of maternal diabetes and their interconnections, the deep molecular mechanisms are far from being clearly understood. Furthermore, there has been an unexpected increase in the incidence of gestational diabetes worldwide during the last decades, in association with the obesity pandemic and type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: Maternal diabetes, especially pre-gestational diabetes has a significant impact on the incidence of fetal and neonatal complications with both short and long-term outcomes.