The Problems of Economy

12-19

Authors: Shkurupii O. V., Svitlychna A. V., Zahrebelna I. L., Svitlychna O. A.

The carried out analysis reflects the essence and course of the Brexit process. In terms of essence, the Great Britain’s exit from the EU should be considered a complex transformational process, which in a real form reproduces the model of structural changes occurring within the framework of a non-balanced open system (dissipative structure). Such a conceptual approach to the interpretation of this process allows us to specify the definition of Brexit as a solution to the intra-system contradiction that has formed within the most complex form of integration, which is the European Union. With the transformation (transformation of the form) and structural changes occurring along this process, a new quality of the basic system together with the separated former elements of this system, which have acquired the status of independent integral system units, is formed. In the future, the dynamics may take the form of either progress or regression. Accordingly, Brexit as a result of the transformation of the economic and political union of European countries is fraught with risks for both sides – as for Great Britain, so for the EU. The economic system of Great Britain is one of the largest and most productive in Europe and the world. Therefore, Brexit has significantly weakened the EU economy, but has not caused a critical deterioration in its condition. Similarly, the Great Britain’s loss of the EU membership, which the country had since 1973, had hindered the possibilities of growth, but did not cause a devastating change in the economy. The situation in the sphere of international trade appears to be similar. For Great Britain, the Brexit transition period has become extremely difficult, as it largely coincided with the protracted period of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a response to the challenges facing the country after Brexit, Great Britain is implementing a model of interstate relations aimed at preserving the partnerships acquired during the period of the EU membership and at the same time forming new ones, being no less effective. Within the limits of this model, the most likely format of equally close economic (including trade) relations «countries of Europe – Great Britain – the USA» will be formed. Trade relations with China remain mutually beneficial for Great Britain, although their context has become significantly politically determined, given the divergence of the interests of the USA and China and the Great Britain’s loss of the role of a conductor of Chinese interests in the EU. Great prospects are opened to Great Britain by the direction of Indo- and Asia-Pacific cooperation, which involves developing relations with countries, the vast majority of which are participants in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).

27-34

Authors: Hutorov A. O., Hutorova O. O.

The purpose of the article is to generalize, systematize and deepen the theoretical and methodological principles of the elaboration of agricultural cooperation in the development of the agrarian system of Ukraine. The role and place of cooperation in the system of social organization of labor is researched. It is displayed that cooperation is an objective prerequisite for integration, and the division of labor itself causes its necessity. In institutional theory, the choice between free market transactions and full vertical coordination for economic agents is caused by market conditions, allocative efficiency of resource allocation and their minimum cost. The dynamics and state of development of agricultural cooperation in Ukraine are analyzed. An approximate three-level scheme of the national agricultural cooperative system is developed. At the first level of the hierarchy, agricultural cooperatives and cooperative associations should be located, at the second – regional unions (associations) of agricultural cooperatives, at the third – the All-Ukrainian Association of Agricultural Cooperatives. Under such a cooperative system, the principles of centralized and decentralized management are optimally combined, the self-government of cooperatives and compliance with the principles of cooperation are ensured. Based on the three-level scheme of the national agricultural cooperative system, the conceptual principles for the development of cooperative relations in agriculture at the regional level are substantiated. At this, management functions are retained by the cooperative association, which includes agricultural enterprises, farms and households belonging to the country’s residents, consulting services and support are provided by the regional advisory service, and the distribution of funds is carried out by a credit union founded by members of this cooperative association. A model of elaborating the cooperative relations in the agricultural sector of the economy with the participation of households and small commodity producers is proposed, which provides for the creation of a consumer agricultural cooperative. In case of deepening the integration of a consumer cooperative with another production, processing or sales enterprise of the agricultural sector of the economy, the cooperative model is transformed into a cooperative-integrated one, while maintaining the advantages of cooperation and receiving additional organizational and economic benefits from integration.

45-51

Authors: Kunytska-Iliash M. V.

The purpose of the article is to develop and approbate a methodical approach to analyzing the financial security of priority sectors of the national economy. The article emphasizes the relevance of considering the issues of economic and, in particular, financial security at the level of the sectoral economic system. The authors’ own methodology of analysis is developed and the weighting factors of indicators of financial security of agriculture, industry, construction and transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities of Ukraine are evaluated. The structure of financial security of priority sectors of the national economy, i. e., the investment, credit, debt, monetary, production and economic, system-structural components is determined and the weighting factors of indicators are evaluated according to these security components. This approach made it possible to identify the indicators with a lesser extent along with the indicators with a greater extent of an impact they have on the general condition of subindexes, and therefore determine the overall level of financial-economic security of priority sectors of the national economy of Ukraine. The integral values of financial security of priority sectors of the national economy of Ukraine for 2010-2020 were computed. The results of the assessment allowed to identify, firstly, the state of financial security of the analyzed industries; secondly, the dynamic characteristics of changes in the level of financial security of priority sectors of the national economy; thirdly, the measure of differentiation in the state of financial security among the analyzed types of economic activity; fourthly, to form conclusions regarding the factors influencing the parameters of financial security of priority sectors of the national economy of Ukraine; fifthly, to determine the strategic directions and develop a set of the State policy instruments focused on strengthening financial security, taking into account the existing specifics for agriculture, industry, construction and transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities of Ukraine. Prospects for further scientific research in the analyzed sphere relate to the formation of recommendations regarding the linking of the results of the accomplished analysis with the formation of actions in the field of strengthening the financial-economic security of priority sectors of the Ukrainian economy.

62-69

Authors: Prokhorova V. V., Yukhman Y. V.

The article defines that the structural transformation of the economy is of great importance for the state, it determines the potential of its long-term development, as a result of which it becomes a strategic factor of general development not only for enterprises of a certain industry, but also for the country as a whole. That is why the structural transformation of Ukraine's economy has a dominant effect on the effectiveness of the development of the investment potential of all industrial enterprises, since today there is a decline in production, which directly depends on the latest innovative measures of the state's strategic development. On the basis of the structural priorities of the socio-economic development of Ukraine and the existing scientific, technical and innovative potential of the domestic economic sector, with the aim of ensuring competition in the scientific sphere, effective concentration of material, technical and financial resources to solve current problems in the economic sector of Ukraine, it is necessary to form long-term innovative programs in general industry in market conditions of management, where the main aspects of scientific and innovative activity of industrial enterprises are indicated. To date, in the economic field, innovations are not implemented very efficiently at effective industrial enterprises. It was concluded that the insufficient amount of financial and economic resources is one of the main reasons preventing the development of new types of products and technologies in the process of implementing innovative developments on the territory of our country. Financial institutions are reluctant to lend to risky innovative projects, and the existing financial and credit mechanism is imperfect and ensures the implementation of the results of applied scientific research in the domestic market and in the markets of developed countries of the world, where credit institutions are created with the participation of state authorities in order to provide guarantees, reducing the amount of use budgetary funds and distributing the risk between the borrower, the bank and the guarantor for the financing of innovative programs and the implementation of innovative projects. The development of industry on an innovative and scientific basis requires the training of a new generation of researchers and highly qualified specialists, ready to carry out innovative activities in market conditions

84-97

Authors: Khaustova V. Y., Boiko O. V., Trushkina N. V.

In the article, based on the methods of grouping and classification, the approaches to the interpretation of transport and logistics infrastructure proposed by various scientific schools are conventionally systematized. An author's approach to defining the meaning of the terms “transport infrastructure” and “logistics infrastructure” is proposed. Financial, economic, social, and informational factors influencing the level of investment attractiveness of transport and logistics enterprises have been identified. The approach to evaluating the effectiveness of innovative activities in the transport sector is substantiated, the use of which will allow examining the current state of the government regulation processes, the decision-making and goal-setting support system, and institutional provision. An organizational model of the national innovative transport hub and an approach to evaluating its functioning are proposed. Proposals have been made for diagnosing the investment attractiveness of transport infrastructure objects, selecting priority projects for government funding, and forming public-private partnership models for the innovative development of transport infrastructure. An investment strategy has been developed, the main provisions of which should be based on the established investment policy of enterprises in the field of transport and logistics. The relevance of the problem of modernization of transport and logistics infrastructure in the context of sustainable development and recovery of the national economy of Ukraine at the current stage is proven. The key vectors of the modernization of the transport and logistics infrastructure have been established, which include green transformation (decarbonization, implementation of the mechanism of green logistics, green investment as a non-traditional source of financial support for the implementation of infrastructure projects), innovative technologies, public-private partnership, clustering, digitalization (digital logistics, digital transport technologies).

104-111

Authors: Shevchenko O. V., Kuzmynchuk N. V.

The study is aimed at forming the methodological approaches to combining different classifications of territories of Ukraine in order to develop an instrumentarium for their recovery and long-term development. This involves the implementation of the latest approaches to the short-term management of territories and their strategizing. A consideration of the works of scholars demonstrated the lack of a coordinated system of separation of territories (in the presence of several classifications of territories in accordance with the levels of their development) for the needs of socioeconomic recovery and stimulation of development. The paper analyzes various classifications of territories according to the administrative-territorial division, allocated functional types, levels of economic security and distinguishes common features of different classifications of territories (regions and communities) of Ukraine. The goals of further development of territories such as compliance with certain standards of living in the regions are determined, the foundations of economic growth are outlined, the methods of accumulating additional funds in the territories are indicated, the influence of the levels of economic security of the regional economy on the possibilities of stimulating its development is demonstrated. A methodical approach to the grouping of territories by levels of development, needs for recovery, threats to economic security in different regions is formed, on the basis of which a coordinated system of typification of the territories of Ukraine for their socioeconomic recovery and stimulation of development is proposed. It is proved that different territories can belong to different types, which makes the classification flexible, and the goals of stimulating the development of territories remain variable. This underlines the need to use various instruments to enhance the development of territories in different periods. The originality of the publication lies in the mutual combination of different types of classifications of the territories of Ukraine and the development of their grouped classification. This will allow to develop a logical system of measures to manage the regional and local economy on the basis of new principles of their short-term and strategic development, needs for recovery and growth.

121-127

Authors: Panchenko V. A.

The conceptual provisions and relevance of the issues of separation, along with the management of the logistics component of the economic security of enterprises are substantiated. It is shown that in a highly competitive environment, when in order to ensure the survival of enterprises, it is necessary to constantly promote products to the market, business success largely depends on the ability of the enterprise to effectively manage relations with suppliers in a system of simultaneous minimization of risks and threats to the logistics security of enterprises. In turn, the dependence of enterprises on suppliers of raw and other materials, subcontractors and partners requires the skills to quickly find reliable suppliers (able to meet the needs of production) and establish effective working relationships with them. A comparative characterization of the components of supplier management according to two directions has been developed: (1) long-term relationships; (2) strategic partnerships. The scheme of strategic management instruments in the context of managing the strategic partnership of an enterprise with suppliers in the system of strengthening the logistics component of its economic security is generalized. Four types of relationships with suppliers are allocated that an enterprise must adhere to in order to ensure the logistic component of its economic security in a strategic vertical type interaction (with suppliers and consumers). The economic risks within the logistics component of the enterprise in the supply system are summarized. It is stated that in the conditions of war and critical instability, logistics becomes one of the key components of ensuring the economic security of enterprises. Its formation requires the introduction at enterprises of a mechanism for guaranteeing the logistics component of security, aimed at forming its proper level in the course of financial-economic activities both in the current period and in the future. It is proved that the strengthening of the logistics security of enterprises will contribute to the achievement of a number of parameters of technical-technological development, namely the creation of new organizational and production structures, the use of leasing, active participation in promotional and communication activities, the introduction of the best practices and technologies of logistics.

137-142

Authors: Rybalko O. M., Bondarenko A. V.

Today, payables are one of the fundamental elements necessary to assess the efficiency and profitability of any enterprise. The proposed study is concerned with the issues of accounting and analysis of accounts payable at domestic enterprises. The article substantiates the theoretical foundations and analyzes the practical experience of accounting for payables in Ukraine in accordance with the main goal. The differences and similarities in the interpretation of the concept of «accounts payable» by a large number of scholars and researchers are outlined. The conditions of shortcomings of increasing the level of accounts payable to a level higher than a normed one are analyzed. The procedure for analyzing accounts payable is examined. The model of payables management in the enterprise is distinguished. The methodological legal principles of management of this type of obligations in Ukraine are described. The article also demonstrates the positive prospects for conducting an efficient analysis of accounts payable. Statistical changes in the dynamics of current accounts payable at enterprises of various forms of ownership and size, including large, medium, small and micro businesses of Ukraine during 2013-2020, were computed. Based on the trend of increasing the level of payables and the available official information on this issue, assumptions have been made about the dynamics of current accounts payable during 2021-2022. A list of proposals for improving the organization of analytical accounting of settlements with borrowers is also outlined. The direction of further research work is the search for new ways to constantly improve the process of payables management at domestic enterprises, which will contribute to the development of the economy in general.

149-155

Authors: Koliada T. A., Prozorov Y. V.

The purpose of the article is to deepen and develop the scientific foundations of localization of global mechanisms for attracting credit and investment resources in the context of strengthening the financial solvency of territorial communities of Ukraine in the postwar period. The article defines the essence and importance of the financial solvency of territorial communities in ensuring the postwar reconstruction of Ukraine; the best practice of localization of global mechanisms for attracting credit and investment resources to the level of territorial communities / municipalities is revealed; the directions of strengthening the financial solvency of territorial communities of Ukraine in the period of postwar reconstruction through a combination of global and local mechanisms for attracting credit and investment resources are substantiated. A structural analysis of local budget expenditures according to the economic classification was carried out in order to identify tendencies in changes in the dynamics of capital expenditures for the period 2014-2021. It is emphasized that in the current conditions it is necessary to look for alternative sources of revenues for the implementation of relevant expenditures of local budgets, since their volumes and directions of expenditure have changed dramatically. Based on the analysis of foreign experience in financing capital expenditures of local government budgets, it is proved that in the context of global growth of public debt in all countries over the world, investment instruments look to be the most attractive, from the standpoint of attracting resources for capital expenditures. The main macroeconomic and legislative risks that threaten the investment climate of Ukraine, apart from military aggression by the russian federation, have been identified. The possibility of attracting investments through the system of international financial organizations and development banks both at the local and regional levels in order to finance the restoration of infrastructure of territorial communities of Ukraine is proved. Proposals as to a synergistic combination of global and local approaches to financing the postwar restoration of territorial communities are substantiated. Due to the projected deficit of local budgets in the postwar years, communities need to start using mechanisms for using new financial instruments of the international market – social, climate, green bonds, impact bonds, and hybrid financial instruments. It is proved that the key element of the financial recovery program should be the newly created after the end of the war Ukrainian Bank for Reconstruction and Development (UBRD). Prospect for further research in this direction is to identify the optimal capital structure of local development institutions and analyze the priority directions of investment in the sphere of financial and credit support for the postwar reconstruction of territorial communities in Ukraine.

164-170

Authors: Romaniv Y. M., Priymak S. V., Spodaryk T. I.

The article explores the main aspects of the introduction and use of accounting on the basis of outsourcing. It is noted that the purpose of the article is to examine and evaluate the current state of accounting services on the basis of outsourcing, as well as to determine the efficiency, feasibility and impact of its application on the activities of enterprises, in particular, in the context of reducing the company’s costs. The concepts of outsourcing and accounting outsourcing, their types, goals and causes are distinguished. Several factors for the selection of outsourcing companies that should be taken into attention when choosing a business entity for conduct of accounting. A separate situation on the calculation of economic efficiency from the use of accounting outsourcing is considered, on the example of the presented enterprise it is proved that its use is efficient and economically substantiated. It is determined that use of accounting outsourcing appears the most optimal for small and medium-sized enterprises. It is noted that outsourcing of accounting services allows not only to focus on a reliable reflection of the facts of economic activity of companies, but also on the rational use of their resources. A number of advantages and disadvantages of accounting at the enterprise for various forms of accounting organization are identified and compared. The article outlines a number of problems faced by a modern enterprise when choosing the use of accounting services on the basis of outsourcing and which slow down the application of outsourcing practice at such enterprises. The financial benefits of a domestic enterprise from the use of outsourcing of accounting services are examined, appropriate generalizations, conclusions and proposals are made. The need for further improvement is substantiated and the prospects for using outsourcing of accounting services in the work of domestic enterprises are determined.