Peuce. Studii si Cercetari de Istorie si Arheologie

7-25

Authors: Emilian TELEAGA, Migdonia GEORGESCU, Gheorghe NICULESCU

The X-ray fluorescence analyses of 19 harnesses pieces and 13 beads from Agighiol show that they were made from silver, gold and copper; some items include copper to strengthen the alloy and some phalerae were gilded and contain more gold in the protome. The X-ray fluorescence analyses of ten Histrian obols from the first stylistical and weight system (475-410 BC), plus three didrachmas and 26 obols of the second group (410-380 / 350 BC) show that they were made principally of silver. The earlier obols contain a higher percentage of copper and lead than the later obols; the copper and lead do not indicate an intentional alloying, but they belong to the process of extraction of silver from ores, because the silver was not purified. The phalerae and the beads differ from the coins in the proportions of gold and silver, differences that can be explained functionally and technologically: most of the phalerae were gilded, but the coins were made using pure silver. The coins and the phalerae differ with regard to trace elements, from example iron and bismuth, because of the different original ores from which the silver was extracted. The phalerae and coins could not have been cast using Histrian silver coins.

99-112

Authors: Laurențiu RADU

At Callatis were discovered, based on the information existent at present, several representations of goddess Aphrodite, among them three clay discs or pyxis lids, four protomes, six clay figurines in various states of fragmentation, three marble statues, and three moulds, of which two for producing protomes. Aphrodite had numerous attributions, including the assuring of cohesion between citizens of a polis, her cult being a guarantee of their unity. As patroness of the magistrates, she was responsible for the cordial relations between magistrates and demos, and also of the familial harmony. The most numerous media of representation of Aphrodite are the protomes, with a double signification, votive and funerary. The protomes with feminine representations are frequently found in graves belonging to women and young girls, starting with the middle of the 5th century, their use becoming generalised during the 4th century and being still present in the 3rd century BC.

139-162

Authors: Alexandra LIȚU, Laurențiu CLIANTE

We publish the amphora stamps recently discovered in ancient Tomis (nowadays Constanța, Romania) during the excavations in the Arhiepiscopiei Street 11. The amphora stamps originate from Sinope, Rhodos, Knidos, Kos, Akanthos, and Thasos. A few monograms are added. Several novelties are being commented upon.

167-206

Authors: Daniel SPÂNU

The periodization of Late La Tène period in Romania is determined by three main flows of imports: (1) the import of Rhodian and Cnidian amphorae during the 2nd century BC, (2) the import of drachms and denarii during the first half of the 1st century BC and (3) the import of Roman fibulae at the turn of the Millennium. The import of Rhodian and Cnidian amphorae can be correlated to the beginnings (in the LT C2 phase) of both Poieneşti - Lucaşeuca culture and Cetăţeni - Vadul Vacilor group. They did not penetrate the Carpathian arch. The decline of their import was followed by the massive influx of drachms and denarii that had reached this time also Transylvania. This new import of silver coins has induced a major reconfiguration of local cultural structures. It is probable that the Padea - Panagjurski Kolonii elites were involved in the processes of receiving and redistributing the imported silver coins beyond the mountains. The jewellery hoards already reflect a stage when the Roman stipendia were absorbed in the local culture. Their emergence allows the distinction between LT D1 phase (without hoards) and LT D2 phase (with hoards). Further more, their analysis allows a distinction between LT D2a and LT D2b phases. This transition corresponds to the abandonment of the middle LT scheme of fibulae. The end of Poieneşti - Lucaşeuca and Padea - Panagjurski Kolonii funerary traditions could also be synchronized with the transition from the LT D2a phase to the LT D2b phase. The imposition of the late LT scheme of fibulae (LT D2b) could be synchronized with the import of the earliest Roman fibulae, with the intensifying of dwelling in local settlements and with the erection of the hill-forts and sanctuaries. To the end of LT D2b phase, the depositions of jewellery hoards have stopped and some settlements have been abandoned. Thus, the most iconic monuments of the Grădiştea de Munte - Poiana group (small oppida, hill-forts, jewellery hoards) occurred at once only in the second half of the late La Tène period (LT D2). The post-LT phase of the Grădiştea de Munte - Poiana culture (1st century AD) is characterized by the progressive adoption of Roman goods and cultural models, concentrated in certain settlements and hill-forts. This time, the depositional and funeral rituals have been drastically blurred.

235-248

Authors: Laurențiu CLIANTE, Alexandra ȚÂRLEA

The excavations conducted starting with 2010 in the Centre-North Sector from Histria/Istros (Romania) brought to light among other categories of finds a small number of glass fragments belonging to stemmed goblets with folded base (Isings form 111), a widespread type of vessel of the Late Roman/Early Byzantine period.