European Journal of Molecular Biotechnology

117-124

Authors: Anna N. Berlina, Dmitry V. Sotnikov, Sergei A. Eremin, Liqiang Liu, Chuanlai Xu, Anatoly V. Zherdev

A novel lateral flow immunoassay based on the use of two kinds of conjugated gold nanoparticles’ preparations was developed and applied to the detection of the toxic food colorant Sudan I. The gold nanoparticles were conjugated with monoclonal antibodies specific to Sudan and a Sudan-ovalbumin conjugate. Before the immunochromatographic process, the two conjugates were incubated with a tested sample. The results obtained a direct calibration curve for the detection of low-molecular-weight antigen, in contrast to common reverse concentration dependencies. In the absence of the target compound, minimal coloration of the test line was observed. An increase in the Sudan content led to staining and the appearance of a test line, which could be observed by the naked eye. The total duration of the assay is 15 minutes. The visual limit of Sudan I detection was 0.25 ng/mL, and the instrumental limit of detection (LOD) was 7.6 pg/mL. These values were at least three-four points lower than the established permissible level of the contaminant content in foodstuffs. This reserve in sensitivity provides the possibility of working with highly diluted samples and thus excludes the influence of their matrixes on the assay results. The direct dependence of the coloration on the concentration of Sudan I in the proposed assay means it is easy to identify the presence of the contaminant at extremely low concentrations. The common nature of the proposed approach allows its use in lateral flow immunoassays of different compounds.

139-147

Authors: Valery V. Novochadov, Anna S. Krylova, Nikita A. Anikeev, Victor I. Shemonaev, Angelina O. Zekiy

The necessity to develop different approaches to increasing dental implant osseointegration should be of high prevalence of dental diseases in current world, the massive expansion of dental implantation technologies, and the advent of technical possibilities to functionalize bioactive surfaces using modern molecular biotechnology. To improve bioactive surface of dental implants by functionalization, we selected chitosan because it had the properties of biocompatibility and osteoinductive effect, also we had literature data about the possibility of its application as nano-films and nano-coating. Chitosan, applied using еру cathodic sputtering technique, significantly altered nano-surface topography of dental implants. Using atomic force microscopy it is shown that after chitosan applying, the nano-roughness parameter has 5.6-fold increase, and the developed surface area ratio has increased 3.7 times in comparison with surface properties of commercial titanium screw implant without chitosan spraying. The application of chitosan on bioactive surface of the screw titanium implants was shown to improve the morphological characteristics of osseointegration after implantation into the rat femoral bone. The bone volume fraction in osseointegration zone exceeded at different periods of the experiment the value of the same parameter in the comparison group 1.56-1.64 times. Implants with a surface chitosan-based functional coating provided the additional osteoconductive effect appeared in more intensive and rapid osteogenesis around implants, and the more expressed remodeling and thickening of the surrounding trabecular bone.

158-170

Authors: H. A. Shindy

In this paper review, some of the important characterizations and mechanisms in the chemistry of cyanine dyes were explained. This include topics like absorption spectral behaviour, general characterization of cyanine dyes, photosensitisation effects of cyanine dyes in silver halide emulsion, photosensitisation-structure correlation of cyanine dyes, colour spectrophotometric measurements of cyanine dyes, fluorescence spectra of cyanine dyes, IR and 1H NMR spectra of cyanine dyes, general view in the visible spectra of cyanine dyes, stability of cyanine dyes, cyanine dyes in photodynamic therapy, synthesis mechanisms of monomethine cyanine dyes and synthesis mechanisms of trimethine cyanine dyes. In addition, in the introduction section of this review paper some light is shed on important uses and applications of cyanine dyes. Reviewing some of the important characterizations and synthesis mechanisms in the chemistry of cyanine dyes is interesting and can be considered as a novel or patent idea to which little attention has been paid in the chemistry literature.

94-102

Authors: H. A. Shindy, A. K. Khalafalla, M. M. Goma, A. H. Eed

Novel hemicyanine dyes and aza-hemicyanine dyes having the nucleus of furo[(3,2-d)pyrazolium; ( )imidazol] iodide salt were prepared. The electronic visible absorption spectra of all the synthesized hemicyanine dyes and aza-hemicyanine dyes were investigated and in 95 % ethanol solution to evaluate their spectral characterization. The antimicrobial effects of some selected dyes were tested against various bacterial and fungal strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans) to assess their antimicrobial (bactericidal and fungicidal) properties. The results discussed in this study revealed that both the spectral characterization and the antimicrobial properties of the examined dyes is highly effected by the type of the X substituted in the phenyl ring system for the hemicyanine dyes and by the type of the phenyl and/or the naphthyl ring system for the aza-hemicyanine dyes. Structural confirmations were identified by elemental analysis, visible spectra, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic data.

58-76

Authors: Oleg Mosin, Ignat Ignatov

By the method of electron impact mass-spectrometry was studied the pathways of biosynthesis of 2H, 13C-labeled amino acids of a facultative methylotrophic bacterium Brevibacterium methylicum and an obligate methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacillus flagellatum obtained on growth media containing as a source of stable isotopes [2H]methanol, [13C]methanol and 2H2O. For mass-spectrometric analysis the multicomponential mixtures of 2H- and 13C-labeled amino acids, derived from cultural media and protein hydrolysates after hydrolysis in 6 M 2HСl (3 % phenol) and 2 M Ва(OH)2 were modified into N-benzyloxycarbonyl-derivatives of amino acids as well as into methyl esters of N-5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl) derivatives of [2H, 13С]amino acids, which were preparative separated using a method of reverse-phase HCLP. Biosynthetically obtained 2H- and 13C-labeled amino acids represented the mixtures differing in quantities of isotopes incorporated into molecule. The levels of 2H and 13С enrichment of secreted amino acids and amino acid resigues of protein were found to vary from 20,0 atom % to L-leucine/isoleucine up to 97,5 atom % for L-alanine depending on concentration of 2H- and 13C-labelled substrates.

85-90

Authors: Natalya A. Sidorova, Philip D. Voronov

The article presents the results of a study of mutagenic effects of Pseudomonas alcaligenеs polysaccharides. Pseudomonas genus – non-fermentative ubiquitous bacteria, having specific metabolic cycles and unique physical, chemical and biological properties was used as a producer of natural exopolysaccharides. In an experiment using the Ames test, three variants of test compounds were studied: 1. a compound of the Pseudomonas alcaligenes biofilm, 2. exopolysaccharide matrix and the microorganism cell wall compound, and 3. actually the microbial exopolysaccharide. In all cases the lack of mutagen action of polysaccharides of Pseudomonas alcaligenes is proved that make them perspective for use as nanomaterials of new generation – alternative wound coverings.

4-12

Authors: Ali Saeed Atiyah AL-Janabi

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) is one of the most important commercially cultivated fruit crops of Citrus. Genetic diversity and inter-relationship among 5 cultivars (Indian, Iraqi, Japanese, Syrian, Egyptian) of C. sinensis were analyzed based on RAPD markers. Six primers generated reproducible and easily storable RAPD profiles with a number of amplified DNA fragments ranging from 6 to 14 fragment bands. The total number of amplicons detected was 51, including 14 fragments unique bands with average reached 2.8 fragments ̸ primers. While the number of polymorphic ranged from 0 to 8 with an average reached 4.4 fragments ̸ primers with the polymorphic percentage ranged from 0% to 57.1%. While the number of monomorphic ranged from 2 to 5 fragment bands and was total of the monomorphic 15 fragments with an average reached 3 fragments ̸ primers with the monomorphic percentage was 14.2 % to 83.3%. A maximum numbers of amplicons was amplified with primer OPS-238 reached 14 fragments while the minimum number of fragments was amplified with primer OPS-253 reached 6 fragments. The highest number of polymorphic bands reached 8 fragments was obtained with primer OPS-238 with high percentage 57.1%, while the highest number of monomorphic bands reached 5 fragments with high percentage 83.3% was obtained with primer OPS-253. RAPD markers detected genetic distance and similarity, amaximum genetic distance value was observed between Japanese (Jap) and Syrian (Syr) cultivars reached 0.530 with less similarity value reached 47%, a minimum genetic distance value was observed between sweet Iraqi (Irq) and Indian (Ind) cultivars reached 0.239 with high similarity value reached 76.1%. The similarity matrices were employed in the cluster analysis to generate a dendrogram using the UPGMA method. The cluster tree analysis showed that the sweet orange cultivars were broadly divided into two main groups A and B with similarity reached 50%. A group including individual one cultivars was Japanese. B group was divided into two sub-cluster B1 and B2 with genetic similarity reached 63%. The first sub-cluster (B1) was included two cultivars Iraqi and Indian with high genetic similarity among other cultivars reached 77%. The second sub-cluster (B2) was included two cultivars Egyptian and Syrian with genetic similarity reached 72%.

29-39

Authors: Doncho Krastev, Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin, Penko Penkov

“The Dance of the Spiral” is the original methodology consisting of physical exercises that based on ancient health and longevity practices. A research has been done in which this methodology has been applied to plants. Eight plants were chosen including common yarrow, wood violet, dandelion, common chicory, shepherd’s purse, cranesbill, broadleaf plantain and snowdrop, each of them grows the best in one of the eight directions. The planting was performed in eight directions, since each exercise supposedly has an effect on the state of health. Two circles were empirically defined – the Spiral and the Antispiral. Further clinical trials with 20 volunteers suffered from neurological, gastro-intestinal, cardio-vascular, and articular conditions and diseases, who stayed consecutively in the Antispiral and Spiral plant circles for 6 min in each circle were performed based on their subjective assessment of their state of health and their experience after their being stayed in the Antispiral and Spiral circles as a relaxing effect (the Antispiral circle) and a stimulating effect (the Spiral circle). The research involves the composition of essential oil extracts by 1H NMR, gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as well as the spectral analysis by the methods of NES and DNES of water extracts from the common plant (Achillea millefolium) from the control group growing in its natural habitat and from the plants grown correspondingly in the Spiral and Antispiral circles. The result in the sample of common yarrow from the Spiral circle is an increase of the average energy of hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules. The result in the sample of common yarrow from the Antispiral circle is a decrease of the average energy of hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules. The essential oil composition of the samples planted in the Spiral and Antispiral circles is not identical in the quantitative and qualitative composition regarding the 83 components detected in them. The amount of chamazulene in the control group sample was 5.41 %; in the Spiral sample – 4.32 %; in the Antispiral sample – 10.25 %; i.e. the amount of chamazulene in the essential oil from the Antispiral sample is almost twice of that in the control group and Spiral samples.