Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

23-36

Authors: P. Shekk, Yu. Astafurov

Purpose. To study reproductive characteristics of female freshwater shrimp M. nipponense (Dniester population) in natural and artificial conditions. Methodology. Field studies were carried out from April to October 2016-2019 in the Kuchurgan and Dniester lagoons, fish ponds and lakes of the lower Dniester and Turunchuk rivers. Shrimp were caught in coastal areas with net and special traps using a bait (ground silverside). The studies were conducted in the field and laboratory conditions. For experimental work, the caught shrimp was transported to the aquarium department of aquatic biological resources and aquaculture of Odessa State Ecological University. For the cultivation and reproduction of shrimp, 0.3 m³ glass aquariums were used, combined in an experimental setup with a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) with a total working volume of 1.2 m³. During the experiment, the conditions were close to the environment, where shrimp were caught. During the biological analysis of the shrimp, following parameters were determined: sex, total length and body weight (stage and duration of embryogenesis). The survival of M. nipponense under various conditions was also recorded. Following modern instruments were used for the express analysis of hydrochemical parameters of the environment: ECOTEST -2000 T (О2; NO-2; NO-3; NH-4; CO2; phosphates, pH), Azha-101M thermooximeter (Т, оС; О2), pH meter-150 m); ATAGO-100 refractometer (salinity and water density). Saline solution, in special experiments, was produced in laboratory conditions by diluting seawater. Findings. Fertilized shrimp eggs have an oval shape, and their average sizes varied within 0.58-0.66 mm (length) and 0.39-0.46 mm (width). It was found that the size of fertilized eggs in M. nipponense of the Dniester population differed in size in various natural waters. The largest sizes (0.66 ± 0.035 and 0.46 ± 0.014 mm) and an average volume of 0.073 mm3 were observed in shrimp eggs from the Kuchurgan estuary. These parameters significantly (P≥0.95) differed from shrimps from the Dniester estuary, which had the smallest sizes (0.58 ± 0.022 and 0.39 ± 0.011 mm) and average volume (0.046 mm3). Shrimp from ponds and lakes of the Dniester and Turunchuk had average size and egg volume, which, according to these parameters, did not significantly differ from those of individuals from the Kuchurgan and Dniester estuaries. An analysis of shrimp fertility of the Dniester population showed that the IRF and FRF increase in direct proportion to the increase in the size and weight of females that is natural for all poikilothermic animals. IRF in the linear size range of female M. nipponense from the Dniester population of 2.5-7.9 cm and weight of 2.2-7.3 g increases from 3441 ± 942 to 10241 ± 1323 eggs in one clutch. The duration of embryogenesis and survival of shrimp embryos with an increase in water temperature from 18 to 31 ° C is reduced from 42 to 20 days. The optimum is at a temperature of 27 ° C, which ensures the survival of 98% of the embryos. Shrimp M. nipponense can reproduce at a salinity from 0 to 9‰, but the optimum salinity is 5‰ which in the range of optimal temperatures ensures the survival of 98% of embryos with a minimum duration of embryogenesis. Originality. The reproductive characteristics of female M. nipponense from the Dniester population were studied for the first time. It was shown that the fertilized shrimp eggs of the Dniester population differ in size in different areas of the lower reaches. The dependence of the initial (IRF) and final (FRF) realized fertility on the mass of shrimp was found. The duration of embryogenesis and the survival rate of embryos were studied depending on the temperature and water salinity. The optimal temperature and salinity parameters for embryogenesis of M. nipponense of the Dniester population have been established. Practical value. The research results made it possible to give an objective characterization and assessment of the fertility of the introduced species M. nipponense in the conditions of the Lower Dniester basin and can be used to develop technology for its artificial reproduction.

58-73

Authors: I. Buzevich, A.Mruk, A. Kucheruk

Рurpose. To develop scientific bases for reproduction of European grayling populations by the Carpathian River basin in artificial and natural conditions. Method ology. Fishery volumes were determined on the basis of indicators of development of the natural forage base of river systems. Actual weight gains in the younger age groups and estimated mortality rates. Natural mortality coefficients were calculated from the parameters of the Bertalanffy equation, which was determined on the basis of the actual size and age parameters of the grayling. Survival of seagrasses was determined on the basis of the calculated coefficient of natural mortality in the first year of life and the ratio of survival of different age groups, which for larvae and seagulls weighing 5 g was 3.7. Findings. The analysis of the available data shows the fundamental possibility of introducing a viable European grayling youth to replenish the reproductive nucleus of the natural population, which in turn will create objective prerequisites for population growth and create prospects for viewing the conservation status. The parameters of the Bertalanffy equation, calculated on the average size and age parameters of the grayling of the Transcarpathian rivers, were: K (year-1) - 0.297; L∞ (cm) - 36.9; t0 (year) - 0.168. natural mortality, differentiated by age, and, accordingly, annual mortality rates. On the basis of this, the indicators of instantaneous natural mortality, differentiated by age, and, accordingly, indicators of annual mortality were determined. The potential accumulation of grayling ichthyomas can be determined on the basis of the total annual mortality and the actual weighting by size classes. The baseline stocking index can be used as a baseline weighted area (based on area). Yew, which is 418.6 copies. / ha of annuals. The bioproductive potential of the rivers of the Carpathian region allows to increase fish productivity on the European grayling by an average of 8.6-21.2 kg / ha. For this purpose, during the four-year period, it is necessary to fish the Tisza River basin with a grayling of at least 5 g with a total amount of 620.5 thousand. Ex. per year. and the Prut River Basin - 122,000 copies. per year. Originality. Methodical approaches for determining quantitative indicators of grayling activities are substantiated. Practical value. The practical implementation of the obtained results will be carried out during the reproduction and cultivation of viable planting material, regulation of quantitative and qualitative indicators of fishing.

87-94

Authors: V. Gurbik, Yu. Glushko, I. Hrytsyniak, N. Tushnitskaya

Purpose. To analyze age and seasonal dynamics of the cytogenetic parameters in different age groups of Halych carp under conditions of industrial cultivation. Methodology. Blood sampling for smear preparation was performed from the caudal vein. The smears were preserved in methyl alcohol and stained using the Romanowsky-Giemsa solution. Further analysis was performed under a Primo Star Zeiss microscope at 1000x magnification. The erythrocyte frequency from the micronucleus, single-nucleus lymphocytes from the micronucleus, dual-nucleus lymphocytes, and apoptosis were counted in the smears. The data obtained was measured in ppm (‰). Findings. Erythrocytes with micronuclei in different age groups of the Halych carp ranged from up to 2.7 ‰ ± 0.4 - 4.0 ‰ ± 0.7. The number of lymphocytes with micronuclei was 2.0 ‰ ± 0.4 - 2.4 ‰ ± 0.2. Dual-nucleus lymphocytes in the Halych carp ranged from 2.0 ‰ ± 0.2 to 2.7 ‰ ± 0.3. As a result of cytogenetic analysis, a 11% decrease in the level of cells with apoptosis in age-3 Halych carp compared to young-of0the-year was detected. After wintering, erythrocytes with micronuclei in age-1 and age-2 carp were recorded to be within 2.7 ‰ ± 0.5 - 3.1 ‰ ± 0.6. The incidence of lymphocytes with micronuclei in the Halych carp decreases, while this parameter in age-2 fish decreased by 8% and amounted to 2.4 ‰ ± 0.2. Dual-nucleus lymphocytes in the Halych carp after wintering ranged from 2.9 ‰ ± 0.1 to 3.3 ‰ ± 0.2. As a result of a comparative analysis of cytogenetic parameters of age-1 and age-2 carp, a significant difference in the number of lymphocytes with dual nuclei was found (P ‹0.01; ts = 3.57). The results of the studies show that an increase in this parameter was triggered by rapid growth of fish seeds in pond conditions. Originality. For the first time, the variability of the cytogenetic apparatus of different age groups of the Halych carp at different stages of the technological process in industrial cultivation was analyzed. Practical value. The results obtained can be used for further breeding work with the Halych carp in the region.

109-122

Authors: M. Korуlyak

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of the use of milk thistle in the process of commercial cultivation of the common carp in terms of productive and economic indicators. Methodology. The study was conducted in two experimental and control ponds, which were stocked with carp yearlings at a density of 1000 ind./ha. The carp of the first experimental group during the growing season were additionally fed with a diet containing 1% of milk thistle, while the second experimental group – 5%. During the work, optimal conditions of carp cultivation were maintained. The dissolved oxygen, temperature hydro-chemical and hydro-biological regimes of the aquatic environment were monitored and the efficiency of cultivation at the end of the growing season was analyzed by conventional methods. Findings. In general, the conditions of fish cultivation in the experimental and control ponds were satisfactory. No relationship was observed between the hydro-chemical regime of the experimental ponds and the diet composition. The average seasonal biomass of feed organisms of zooplankton and zoobenthos during the growing season were 4.22 – 5.11 g/m3 and 1.37 – 1.62 g/m2 respectively, and equally contributed to the process of carp cultivation both in experimental variants and in the control. It was found that the average weight of carps fed with diets contained 1% and 5% of ground milk thistle was higher by 7.3% and 5.6%, respectively, fish productivity – by 9.8% and 7.2%. At the same time feed costs per kilogram of production decreased by 5.9% and 8.8% compared to the control. The cost of additionally obtained fishery products when supplementing the diet with 1% of milk thistle amounted to 11849 UAH/ha, 5% – 10217 UAH/ha. The attributable profit, including costs of feed and fish seeds, when using 1% of milk thistle was 13.1% higher than in the control, 5% – 0.7% higher in the control group. Scientific novelty. According to a wide range of biologically active properties of milk thistle, the effect of this additive on the productive and economic indicators in the process of age-2 carp has been studied for the first time. The implementation of this practice provided an opportunity to increase fish productivity by feeding fish with artificial feeds of improved composition. Practical value. Reducing the cost and obtaining additional weight gains during the cultivation of aquaculture products can be ensured by improving the quality characteristics of fish feeds, and, accordingly, the physiological parameters of age-2 carp organism.

16-31

Authors: N. Kolesnik, M. Simon, O. Marenkov, O. Nesterenko

Purpose. To analyze professional literature and summarize the information on the cultivation of the representatives of three nematode (Nematoda) genera. To highlight the optimal biotechnology of the cultivation of banana nematode (Panagrellus redivivus), vinegar eelworm (Turbatrix aceti) and rhabditis (Rhabditis). To review the biological characteristics of these species along with the possibilities for their use as food objects in aquaculture. Results. This work contains brief information on the biology and cultivation features of the above-mentioned worms. It presents the most cost-effective and simple mass production biotechnology of the cultivation of banana and vinegar nematodes and rhabditis. It can be used under different conditions due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The data regarding the use of nematodes in feeding fish juveniles in general and ornamental fish culture in particular are presented. The chemical composition and nutritional value of these worms, as well as their behavior in aquariums are described. Practical significance. The summarized information will be useful for researchers who are exploring the ways to optimize fish feeding as well as for aquarists. The presented technology of cultivation of banana and vinegar nematodes and rhabditis can be used by a broad range of stakeholders.

48-58

Authors: M. Pashko, S. Tarasjuk, O. Tretiak, N. Borysenko, O. Bielikova

Purpose. To investigate the genetic structure of the brood stock of the sterlet formed in the conditions of floating cages of an industrial type farm. Methodology. Artificial reproduction and rearing of the sterlet were conducted with the use of industrial aquaculture technologies. The analysis of the polymorphism of protein substances was performed with the use of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. As molecular-genetic markers for the assessment of the genetic structure of age-4-6 fish (n=30), we used the distribution of allele and genotypic frequencies by loci coding a number of animal blood proteins and enzymes: transferrin (TF), post-transferrin (PTF), albumin (ALB). Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed with the use of traditional methods. Findings. It was found that the genetic structure of the brood sterlet group with the body weight of 1.0-2.3 kg (1.68±0.07 kg, Сv=22.3%) was characterized by a significant level of heterozygosity (66.7%). From examined genetic-biochemical systems, the most informative for the detection of inter-group differences by genetic structures were the TF and ALB systems. The obtained data give an opportunity to suppose that the polymorphism assessment by transferrin and albumin loci can contribute to objective control of the inbreeding degree of sterlet brood stocks in industrial aquaculture methods. Attention is drawn to the need for comprehensive genetic studies in the formation of sturgeon breeding stocks in industrial fish farming. Originality. We studied the genetic structure of the sterlet in the case of a technological variant of the formation and exploitation of sturgeon breeding stocks that is not traditional for aquaculture of Ukraine. Practical value. The research results are of interest for monitoring and improving the condition of the breeding resources of sturgeons in aquaculture of Ukraine.

72-88

Authors: Ju. Kovalenko, O. Shlapak, A. Potrokhov, O. Zin'kovskiy

Purpose. To establish the nature of changes in physiological and biochemical parameters of fish, the qualitative and quantitative composition of their parasitocenoses, depending on the degree of the pollution of water bodies. Methodology. The paper contains the results of the determination of hydrochemical composition of water from the lakes of Kyiv, the structure of their food supply (zoobenthos). As a marker of morpho-physiological features of the Prussian carp, rudd and roach, their liver and spleen indices were used. The content of glucose, cortisol and thyroid hormones was determined in fish blood plasma. The collection and processing of ichthyological material was performed in accordance with generally accepted methods. The taxonomic identification of parasites was carried out according to the appropriate identification keys. Findings. The work presents some hydrochemical characteristics of the lakes under study, the development of the natural food supply for fish - zoobenthic organisms, changes in the physiological and biochemical parameters of some representatives of cyprinids in the lakes of Kyiv, which are subjected to different degrees of human impact. First of all, the indices of internal organs and a number of biochemical parameters of fish blood plasma were studied. Parasitocenoses were specific for each lake. Their smallest number was in the lake Luhove, which was characterized by a significant human impact. The lake Babyne, which was taken as conditional control, had some fish parasites, which were not found in other lakes. The rudd from the lake Kyrylivske invaded with parasites had a 13% higher spleen index (r = 0.98). Also, the infected fish from the Kyrylivske and Luhove lakes had a 2.2-fold higher content of triiodothyronine (T3) in the blood plasma (r = 0.82 and r = 0.75, respectively) compared with fish from the lake Babyne. The spleen index of the roach from the lake Kyrylivske is 16% more (r = -0.83) compared to this species from the lake Babyne. The roach from the lake Kyrylivske had a 4.7 times smaller number of cortisol in the blood (r = -0.83) and 4 times lower T3 level (r = -0.71) compared to fish from the lake Babyne. The Prussian carp from the Kyrylivske and Luhove lakes had spleen indices were lower by 44 and 37%, and the glucose content was 3.6 and 2.7 times lower in comparison with fish from the lake Babyne. In addition, the Prussian carp from lake Luhove had a lower content of cortisol and T3 by 1.7 and 1.5 times, respectively, compared with fish from the lake Babyne. It can be assumed that the studied fish species have different sensitivity to the cumulative or individual effects of anthropogenic stress and parasites. Originality. For the first time, multilevel markers (morphophysiological, biochemical and parasitological) were used to establish the response of fish to the complex human impact in the conditions of water bodies in urbanized territories. Practical Value. The obtained data are necessary to determine the patterns of adaptive reactions of economically valuable cyprinids, their parasites and forage objects under the action of adverse conditions of urbanization. The biochemical parameters of fish that can be used to assess the quality of water in water bodies were also studied.

101-129

Authors: Ir. Hrytsynyak, T. Shvets

Purpose. Forming a thematic bibliographic list of publications regarding the use of classical and the development of new methods for studying the hydrochemical parameters of natural and artificial water bodies as well as the determination of water quality. Methods. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core has been formed with the publications exclusively in Ukrainian and Russian languages from the fund of the scientific library of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS of Ukraine. Results. The thematic list of publications consists of a total quantity of 78 sources covering the time interval from 1967 to 2017 and devoted to research methods used in hydrochemistry, hydroecology, eco- and ichthyotoxicology, and biomonitoring of water quality. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose area of ​​interests includes water quality analysis, the study of water chemical composition, bioindication and bioassay problems.

21-41

Authors: O. Fedonenko, Yu. Nikolenko

Purpose. Based of literature data, in chronological order, to compose a list of leading scientists who investigated phytoplankton in the middle part of the River Dnipro, which, after the construction of the Dniprostan dam, became the Dnipro (Zaporizhzhia) reservoir. To outline the main trends of their activities, analyze and summarize the results of studies carried out at different periods of the reservoir exploitation. To detect the dynamics of changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of phytoplankton in different parts of the above-mentioned reservoir from 1918 to 2016. Findings. The article shows changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of phytoplankton in different periods of the formation of the Zaporizhzhia reservoir ecosystem. In particular, during its first filling, years of first flooding, in the first period of its existence, period of dam destruction and the restoration of the river regime, years after the Second World War, period of second filling, period of intensive building of hydrotechnical facilities and intra-cascade existence of this reservoirs. Fundamental studies were initiated by professor-algologist A. D. Svirenko who established the species composition and basic patterns of phytoplankton vegetation in the River Dnipro, both before its regulation and during the first flooding of areas during the construction of reservoirs. He was the first in Ukraine who outlined the effect of natural rapids and dam construction on phytoplankton communities. A significant contribution to the development of these hydrobiological studies was made by Gaukhman Z. S., Primachenko A. D. and other scientists whose works are mentioned in this article. The article presents the generalized results of studies of different scientists regarding the number of species, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in different parts of the reservoir. It was found that the number of phytoplankton species from 1918 (22) to 2016 decreased more than two-fold. At the same time, the indicators of its abundance and biomass, on the contrary, increased significantly due to both the intra-cascade position of the Zaporizhzhia reservoir and the significant human impact on this water body. Practical value. The information presented in the article can be used to determine the contribution of individual scientists to the development of phytoplankton studies from the Zaporizhzhia reservoir, as well as hydrobiology in general.

52-66

Authors: M. Prychepa

Purpose. To study the change in morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of perch females during different seasons and under the effect of human impact. Methodology. Fish were caught with the use of hook and line gears. Morpho-physiological parameters of the perch, including gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, spleen index were determined. The biochemical parameters were also determined including protein content, lipids, glycogen and malonic dialdehyde in tissues. Findings. Changes in morpho-physiological (liver index, spleen index, gonadosomatic index) and biochemical (glycogen, lipid and protein content) parameters in perch females for under excessive human impact were examined. In this paper, only a part of the total amounts of results were presented. A significant decrease in the content of energy-intensive compounds, in particular glycogen, protein and fats in fish liver in spring and autumn periods, as well as an increase in the content of malonic dialdehyde indicates an impairment of the rate of processes of plastic and energy metabolism in it. The change in this parameter confirms the presence of unfavorable conditions for the perch during the study. This water body is characterized by the most significant human impact on the ecosystem. As a result, stored compounds such as lipids and glycogen are additionally used. A significant variability of the liver index in fish with excessive human impact was shown. This was due to the peculiarities of the accumulation and use of energy-intensive compounds depending on the conditions of existence. Significantly lower values of the spleen index were observed in fish from the Lake Kyrilovske compared with the same parameter of fish from the reservoir. A 1.6-fold reduction in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) in perch females from the artificially polluted Lake Kyrilovske compared with fish from conditionally clean reservoir was also observed. This indicates the intense functioning of the reproductive system in conditions of chronic pollution of the lake. The liver tissues showed lower (by 43%) protein content in fish from the Lake Kyrilovske during all seasons compared to the perch caught in the reservoir. This indicates an additional use of protein compounds for adaptive processes. A difference between the studied fish samples according to physiological, biochemical, and morphophysiological indicators proves that they are in significantly different ecological and toxicological conditions. The deterioration of living conditions causes over-expenses of energy-intensive compounds, in particular glycogen, protein and lipids. Originality. For the first time, the results of changes in morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of perch females depending on the season and the level of human impact have been presented. The practical value. The obtained results can be used as criteria for assessing the physiological state of the perch and the ecological state of an individual lake or small reservoir as a whole.

79-107

Authors: N. Kolesnyk, M. Simon

Purpose. Creation of a reference bibliographic list of English-language open access publications from the Internet on the issues of the specific effects of heavy metals on freshwater ecosystems, their bioaccumulation and bioindication, as well as the functions of microelements in the hydrobionts organisms. Methodology. In the process of preparing the thematic list, in the course of systemic search, holistic and selective methods were applied. The bibliographic core consists of literature sources from archives of scientific publications, in particular, such world-famous journals as Environmental Contamination Toxicology, Ecotoxicology, Aquatic Science, Aquatic Toxicology, Environmental Bioindicators, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aguatic Sciences and many others. Results. A thematic bibliographic list of major works has been formed: specialized scientific collections, materials of international scientific conferences, scientific papers, articles and extended dissertationa abstracts. It includes 227 sources, all of them are in English and are publicly available on the Internet. The presented publications cover a time interval from 1953 to 2018. However, most of them were published after 2000. In selected works, studies on the bioaccumulation and bioindication of heavy metals in freshwater ecosystems are highlighted, and data on the effect of trace elements on the organism of hydrobionts are given. Literature sources are arranged in alphabetical order according to the author or title, which corresponds to GOST 8302: 2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliography link. General provisions and rules for drafting, as amended (OCD code 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements for the design of the list of references according to the international standard APA style. Practical value. The presented list will be useful for scientists, practitioners, students whose research concerns the analysis of the effects of heavy metals on freshwater ecosystems and patterns of bioindication and bioaccumulation of toxicants in hydrobionts, as well as the role of trace elements in their body.

7-17

Authors: K. Geina

Purpose. To find qualitative and quantitative parameters of juvenile fish communities as a basis for commercial fish stock and biological diversity in the Dniprо-Bug ria system. Methodology. Primary data were collected during summer-spring period 2006-2015 from catches of small-mesh fishing gears for catching juvenile fish such as beach seine and trawl. In total, catches of 375 stations were analyzed; the total hauled area was more than 50 thousand m2 of littoral shallow waters. To characterize commercial catches, the data of official fishery statistics. Data collection and processing were performed according to generally accepted methods. Findings. The data on species composition, abundance and distribution of juvenile fish communities in the Dnipro-Bug ria system has been selected and analyzed. Major trends in the dynamics of catches of fish juveniles per unit effort as an integral feature of natural reproduction and basis for the recruitment of commercial fish stocks have been detected. Reproduction conditions of various ecological groups of fishes have been studied. The dynamics of the qualitative composition of commercial catches has been analyzed. Last years, the majority of commercial catches in the Dnipro-Bug ria system consists of Black-sea sprat (62.2%) and Prussian carp (21.4%); the category of “valuable commercial species” composed 7.3% of the total catch. Self-reproductive fish populations ensured formation of 93.5% of the total catch. i.e. natural reproduction remains the major source of the recruitment of commercial fish stocks in the Dnipro-Bug ria system. According to the data of studies of 2006-2015, juveniles of 18 fish species were recorded in the littoral zone, the majority of which (56.3-57.2%) were low value and secondary species – Prussian carp, Black-sea sprat, atherina. Among valuable commercial species, the most abundant were roach (7.3%) and bream (3.4%); at the same time, these species formed 16.4% of the total catch in gill nets in 2010-2017. The inter-annual dynamics of the abundance of juveniles of commercial fish species during last 10 years has been characterized by positive trends that under condition of the maintenance of optimum hydrological regime of the Dnipro-Bug ria system indicates in the possibility of ensuring stable commercial catches in the nearest future. Originality. The data on the structure of juvenile fish communities of the lower reaches of the Dnipro river as a component of fish fauna of the Dnipro-Bug ria system have been provided. A detailed description of the dynamics of the number of juveniles of major commercial fish species in an inter-annual aspect has been provided. Practical value. The obtained results have been used for the development of long-term prognoses of fish productivity parameters as a basis for the regulation of qualitative and quantitative parameters of commercial fishing pressure and conservation measures.

48-59

Authors: M. Pashko, O. Tretiak, O. Kolos

Purpose. To study environmental conditions and individual fish culture parameters in the process of rearing brood sterlet herders in cages at natural temperature regime of water bodies of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Methodology. The material for the study were age-1–7 groups of sterlet reared in floating cages with areas of 24 m2. Fish were fed by specialized feeds with the content of crude protein of 45–64% and raw fat of ― 12–15%. The individual and mean body weight (g), relative weight gain (%) and fish survival rate (%) were studied; fish production per unit area of cages (kg/m2) and feed costs per unit weight gain (kg/kg) were calculated). The determination of the physical and chemical parameters of the environment was carried out using generally accepted methods in fish culture and hydrochemistry. Findings. The mean monthly water temperature was in the range of 21.7–26.3°C in the summer. The period with a water temperature of 18–25°C was 75-80 days. The mean daily content of dissolved oxygen varied within the range of 2.4–11.6 mgO2/dm3. The mean monthly oxygen concentration in summer was between 3.7 and 6.2 mgO2/dm3. During the period of fish rearing, minor excesses of normative values ​​have been recorded for some hydrochemical parameters. No mass manifestations of fish diseases were detected. It was established that feed costs per unit of body weight gain (kg) increased with fish age, on average, from 1.29 to 1.98 kg. Fish production in cages was 5.33–11.35 kg/m2. On the seventh year of life, the brood sterlet reached a mean weight of 1796.80 ± 73.33 g (Cv = 20.4%). Survival rates for sterlet of different age groups were 78.50–98.96%. The number of sterlet for the organization of caviar and meat production was calculated. Originality. Peculiarities of rearing different age groups of sterlet with the use of the methods of industrial aquaculture uncommon in Ukraine under conditions of cage aquaculture systems installed in water bodies with natural temperature regime have been investigated. Practical value. The results of the study are of interest for the development of modern methods of aquaculture of sturgeons in the conditions of farms of industrial type.

68-85

Authors: R. Palamarchuk, O. Deren, N. Mikhailenko, M. Korylak

Purpose. To determine the efficiency of using amaranth (Amaranthus) in carp feeding under standard rearing conditions and under the effect of stress-factors common in aquaculture, in order to activate the antioxidant protection system of their organism. Methodology. Fishery and hydrochemical studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods. The protein content was determined by the Bretford method. The concentration of diene conjugates was studied using a method based on the reaction of the optical density of a heptane isopropanol lipid extract. Determination of the concentration of TBA-active products was carried out spectrophotometrically by a color reaction with thiobarbituric acid. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined as the percent of the inhibition of nitrosin tetrazolium reduction reaction in the presence of phenazine methosulfate. Catalase activity was determined by changing H2O2 concentration. Findings. The research was conducted in the aquaria room of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS. The effect on the antioxidant protection system activity of the organism of carp yearlings after addition of amaranth to their diet in the amount of 10% has been analyzed. Rearing was carried out under standard conditions and under the effect of stress-factors that are common for fish culture: pollution of the aquatic environment caused by the introduction of intensification measures; complex contamination of water with simultaneous decrease in the dissolved oxygen content. The research showed that the additional feeding of amaranth to carps under standard conditions of cultivation, there was a certain tendency to an increase in the content of SOD in muscle and hepatopancreas (by 5.9–8.3%) and to an increase in the content of lipid peroxidation products (by 14.3–15.7%). The effect of stress factors showed more marked tendencies. Thus, in polluted water, the activity of SOD in muscle significantly increased (p˂0.01), at the same time, the content of diene conjugates (p˂0.01) increased. In hepatopancreas, a tendency to a 2.9% increase in the activity of catalase and a 44.1% decrease in the content of diene conjugates was observed. Under the complex effect of stress factors, the activity of catalase and TBA-products in muscles tended to decrease, diene conjugates tended to increase, while SOD increased (p˂0,01). In hepatopancreas, there was a tendency to an increase in the content of catalase and SOD, respectively, by 16.5% and 5.9%. At the same time, the content of products of lipid peroxidation — TBA products (p˂0,01) and diene conjugates (p˂0,001) reduced. Originality. The analysis of anti-oxidant properties of amaranth and the degree of the effect of feeding this additive to carp yearlings on the antioxidant protection system activity of their organism under standard conditions of cultivation and the effect of stress-factors common for aquaculture have been analyzed. Practical value. Supplementation of carp diet with amaranth in production conditions can be used as a way to reduce the degree of adverse effects of common environmental stress-factors (contamination as a result of intensive measures and decrease in dissolved oxygen content in water to critical values) on the functional state of fish organism by increasing the antioxidant protection system activity.

99-121

Authors: M. Simon

Purpose. Forming a thematic bibliographic list of English-language publications on certain issues of vital activity of sturgeon (Acipenseridae), both in natural conditions and in aquaculture. Particular attention was given to species that are not common in aquaculture of Ukraine. Methods. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core was made up of literary sources from electronic archives of world-renowned specialized scientific journals. In particular: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Environmental Biology of Fishes,Conservation Biology, Lake and Reservoir Management, Estuaries,Freshwater Fisheries, Aquaculture, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Copeia & others. Results. A thematic list of main publications including thematic scientific collections, materials of international scientific and practical conferences, scientific articles and abstracts of dissertations was composed. It consists of 187 English-language papers. Presented publications cover the time interval for the last thirty years. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style ‒ international standard of references. Practical value. The prepared list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose sphere of interests is related to issues of questions breeding sturgeon in aquaculture and conservation of populations of rare species of fish.