Russian Journal of Legal Studies

10-21

Authors: Dusan Dabovic

The aim of this article is to identify and classify different approaches to legislation on genetically modified organisms, the underlying causes of these approaches, and typical examples of different policies. In this paper the formal-legal method, comparative method, method of text analysis and statistical method were used. In doing so, scientific works in the mentioned area, relevant regulations of the observed state entities, as well as newspaper texts and electronic databases were used. In accordance with the classification of the application of new technologies, especially biotechnology, which can lead to concerns about the effects on human and animal health, as well as on the environment, basic approaches to GMO legislation have been established – from permissive, through cautious, to prohibitive approaches. As the characteristic examples of different approaches, appropriate regulations at the highest level of authority in the US, EU, China, the Russian Federation, as well as in the Republic of Serbia have been analyzed. In addition, in each of these entities, regulations at the lower level of authority were observed, which differently regulate the use of GMOs.

30-39

Authors: Sergey E. Smirnykh

The article explores topical issues of the influence of international information security on the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination in the context of globalization. The creation of a single international information space has both positive and negative aspects. Under these conditions, ensuring the security of states is possible only within the framework of a collective strategy. Various threats to international information security have been investigated. Some points of view on the concept of international information security are considered. International documents enshrining the provisions on the right of peoples to self-determination are analyzed. Topical issues of the principle of territorial integrity of states are considered. It is noted that the issues of the influence of international information security on the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination in the context of globalization are also relevant for Russia.

49-57

Authors: Victor V. Vorobyov

Crime in the sphere of computer information tends to steady growth and mentions the major fields of activity not only the certain states, but also the world community in general. In this regard, exclusively relevant is an improvement of the legislation on counteraction to these criminal encroachments. By the analysis, logical and comparative and legal methods of knowledge it was revealed that the Russian criminal legislation in the sphere of fight against computer crimes has a number of essential shortcomings to which it is possible to carry: lack of legal interpretation of many terms which are contained in articles 159.3, 159.6, 187, 272, 273, 274 Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; shortcomings of designs of these articles; inconsistency of the Russian criminal legislation with the international legal acts and also shortcomings of the international cooperation in counteraction of computer crime. The data of judicial statistics on convicts provided by the author in Russia for commission of computer crimes from 2003 for 2017 I support conclusions about existence of problems in this area of law-enforcement activity. Synthesis, generalization and analogy as knowledge methods, allowed to give author's definition to such concepts as: "illegal access to computer information"; "malicious computer application". For the purpose of improvement of the criminal legislation of Russia, offers on introduction of additions in article 272-273 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are made and also new Art. 274.1 of UKRF is subject to the critical analysis.