INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

560-565

Authors: Sabiha Ferdowsy Koly*

This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial potentials of leaves of Jasminum sambac. In the present study, the antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of leaves of Jasminum sambac was evaluated for potential antibacterial activity against medically important bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity was determined in the extracts using agar disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of extracts (25, 50, 100,250,500μg/ml) of Jasminum sambac were tested against four Gram-positive bacteria—Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Sarcina luteae and four Gram-negative bacteria—Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae which are human pathogenic bacteria. Zone of inhibition of extracts were compared with standard Kanamycin disc at a dose of 25μg/disc for antibacterial activity. Significant antibacterial activity was found at a dose of 500μg/ml of methanolic extract. It was found 17 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm and 13 mm zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Sarcina luteae respectively and 14 mm, 15 mm, 15 mm and 16mm zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae respectively. The results showed that the methanolic extracts of Jasminum sambac have the significant inhibition of the bacterial growth against the tested organisms. The phytochemical analysis of the plant was carried out. The presence of alkaloids, tannins and resins are revealed in phytochemical analysis. Key Words: Jasminum sambac, Antibacterial activity, Diffusion Method, Kanamycin, Zone of inhibition.

573-881

Authors: Dr. Srinivas Ampati,Akhila Hanumakonda,Vydehi Maheshwaram*

Purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate in-situ gel of Fluoxetine Hydrochloride for nasal delivery using polymers possessing in-situ gelling properties.Formulations containing carbopol and sodium alginate were prepared using poloxomer as copolymer.Formulations were liquid before administration and underwent rapid gelation upon oral administration.FT-IR studies of drug, polymer and their physical mixture were carried out. The result of these studies revealed that there are no definite changes obtained in the bands of drug with respect to pure drug. Hence it was confirmed that formulations do not have any drug polymer interactions.In order to evaluate rheological behavior, viscosity of the formulations was evaluated using Brookfield viscometer. It showed that viscosity was found to be decreased at increasing rpm exhibiting shear thinning behaviour and increase in viscosity was observed with increase in concentration of polymer indicating that it obeys Newtonian system.Invitro release of fluoxetine from formulations was carried out which will indicate the effects of the variables on the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from dosage form. For the present work, in-vitro diffusion studies were carried out in simulated nasal fluid. Release kinetic studies showed that insitu gels followed zero order drug release mechanism. Korsmeyer-peppas ‘n’ value 0.96 indicated that the formulation followed non-fickian diffusion controlled release mechanism. Keywords: insitu gel systems,Nasal drug delivery,Fluoxetine Hydrochloride.

582-585

Authors: S. Solomon* 1 , N. Muruganantham2 , M. M. Senthamilselvi 3

The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of the sample isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus. Anti-inflammatory activity of the sample was determined by HRBC membrane stabilization and Albumin denaturation methods. Anti-oxidant activity of the sample was determined by DPPH assay and ABTS method. The results of the study suggest that the sample isolated from the ethylacetate fraction possesses anti-oxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Keywords: Abelmoschus esculentus, Antioxidant activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, HRBC method, Albumin denaturation, DPPH, ABTS assay.

594-599

Authors: M.M.Senthamilselvi1 , S. Solomon* 2 , N. Muruganantham

The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of the sample isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of flowers of Cascabela thevetia. Anti-inflammatory activity of the sample was determined by HRBC membrane stabilization and Albumin denaturation methods. Anti-oxidant activity of the sample was determined by DPPH assay and ABTS method. The results of the study suggest that the sample isolated from the ethylacetate fraction possesses anti-oxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Keywords: Cascabela thevetia, Antioxidant activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, HRBC method, Albumin denaturation, DPPH, ABTS assay.

613-618

Authors: V. Jayasankar Reddy

The study was designed to develop mucoadhesive tablets of using PVP and Pectin inter polymer complexes and to systematically evaluate their in-vitro and ex-vivo performances. Prednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid, a derivative of cortisol, which is used to treat a variety of inflammatory and auto-immune conditions. Colon targeted drug delivery is an active area of research for local diseases affecting the colon, as it improves the efficacy of therapeutics and enables localized treatment, which reduces systemic toxicity. Targeted delivery of therapeutics to the colon is particularly advantageous for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Mucoadhesive tables were prepared by direct compression method. The physicochemical interaction between PVP and Pectin was investigated by FTIR studies. Tablets were evaluated their compatibility studies by using FT-IR, micrometrics properties, post formulation characters such as hardness, thickness, friability, content uniformity, Ex vivo mucoadhesive strength and in-vitro dissolution studies. Key Words: Prednisolone, Mucoadhesive, PVP, Pectin, Ex-vivo, In-vitro.

627-636

Authors: Naresh N S and Pratyusha A

Sustained release oral product namely microspheres for Saxagliptin prepared by Ionotropic gelation technique to overcome the drug-related adverse effects like gastric irritation, improve its bioavailability in different gastrointestinal pH conditions. Total nine formulation batches (F1-F6) were formulated using sodium alginate as drug release modifiers in various proportions and investigate for physicochemical properties and drug release potential. All investigated properties showed satisfactory results. While increase in the concentration of sodium alginate dispersions increased sphericity, size distribution, flow properties and mean diameter of the Microspheres. The drug entrapment efficiency obtained in the range 78.4% to 95.42%. Increase in the concentration of calcium chloride was significantly affects the mean diameter but no appreciable change in morphology and drug release behavior. In-vitro study proves that drug release slowly increases as the pH of the medium is increased. The drug release in batch F1, F2, F3 F4, F5 and F6 containing sodium alginate. The mechanism drug release from Microspheres was found to be following Higuchi model graph. From the study it was concluded that controlled release Saxagliptin Microspheres can be developed successfully by using ionotropic gelation technique. Key words: Microencapsulation; Ionotropic gelation, Microspheres, Sodium alginate, pH dependent

644-650

Authors: Md. Rajdoula Rafe* 1 , Rayhanus Salam 2 , Zebunnesa Ahmed 3 and Md. Monir Hossain

Drug abuse refers to the use of prescribed or over the counter drugs in excess of the directions and any non-medical use of drugs. The objectives of this study were to identify various drugs used by students, the prevalence of such practices and the factors that influence in university students to use drugs. The study was conducted in the six universities of Dhaka with a total of 300 students. Relevant data were obtained using a questionnaire designed for conducting university surveys on drug abuse. Students most widely used gastrointestinal drugs (93%), painkillers (87%) and among the over the counter drugs paracetamol (87%), ranitidine (70%) and in case of prescribed drugs paracetamol (93.33%), diclofenac (41.61%). paracetamol and caffeine in combination (33.33%). The prevalence of drug abused is more in lower middle class (54%). The more showed sign and symptom was pain mainly headache &migraine (60%).The drugs were used mostly anytime and mainly by oral route of administration. There was a high frequency of psychotropic drug use among the students with caffeine being the most widely used. Drug use by the youths could be attributed to psychosocial perceptions of self need and peer influence. Keywords: Drug abuse, Dhaka city, University students, Addiction, Narcotics, Stimulants

656-661

Authors: Ankita Tyagi, Harishankar Sahu*, Neha Gautam, Bindu Yadav

Background: This study report was on plant of Capsicum annum, widely cultivated Capsicum annum important as a vegetable and spice crop world-wide,it is one of the most diverse crops. The aim of this study was to investigate, extraction and characterization of Capsicum Annuum. The characterization by preliminary study, extraction of chemical constituents from the plant and find out the chemical constituents which help in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long lasting inflammatory disorder characterized by joint swelling, joint compassion, and devastation of synovial joints, leading to severe disability and premature mortality it shows limited motion and function of joints. Keywords: Capsicum Annum, , Soxhelation Extraction, Characterization, Rheumatoid arthritis.