Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-10

Authors: КАЛЬНИШ В.В., ПИШНОВ Г.Ю., ОПАНАСЕНКО В.В., ОГРИЗКОВ О.І.

In connection with the need to manage complex automated processes, the problem of study of the state of monotony in the operator's activity is quite actual today. The goal was the revealing of features of the energy supply of the human body when making long-term monotonous work among individuals inclined and resistant to the development of the state of monotony. Materials and methods. In studies 155 volunteers took part, who were tested by monotonous information load modeling (by computer) operator activity. Results. In indexes of the cardiovascular system activity it is revealed that the energy supply of the body during performing monotonous work among people resistant and prone to the development of the state of monotony is going by fundamentally different mechanisms. Individuals who are prone to the development of the state of monotony, hemodynamic changes have a pronounced phase character, what may indicate on the disadaptation and raise the physiological cost of work in the formation of the state of monotony. Conclusions. A feature of the regulation of the energy supply of monotonous activity among individuals resistant to the development of monotony, is the harmonious relations of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system against the background of relatively high activation of cardiovascular system. Tags: monotony, monotonous work, functional status, cardiovascular system, the energy supply of activity

15-18

Authors: БІЛЕЦЬКА Е.М., ОНУЛ Н.М., ГОЛОВКОВА Т.А., АНТОНОВА О.В., ЗЕМЛЯКОВА Т.Д.

On the basis of the results of more than 20-years research, performed in the Department of General Hygiene of the Dnipro Medical Academy, we revealed a considerable technogenic load with xenobiotics on the organism of the person who lived under conditions of the industrial territories and excess of the level of xenobiotics’ content in the biological substrates of 1,6-5,0 times in "mother-fetus-child" system in comparison with a standard level. At the same time an excessive content of xenobiotics in the organism combines with a deficiency of the essential microelements, it forms a doubly unfavorable situation for the population’s health and underlines a potential danger even for small concentrations of toxicants in the environment. Such a negative state of the population’s health in the Dnipro region scientifically substantiates a necessity of the urgent introduction of socio-economic, organizational and medical-preventive measures at national level which are based on the conceptual model of risk management of the ecologically induced pathology development in the population of the industrial region.

23-29

Authors: КРУПКА Н.О., ЛОТОЦЬКА-ДУДИК У.Б.

Objective. We assessed a drinking water quality by the results of the laboratory research and questioning of the population, defined the measures directed to the improvement of water supply of the residents of the region for the near prospect. Materials and methods. In the work we used the results of the examination of drinking water samples of centralized and decentralized water supply obtained by the Lviv Regional Laboratory Center for the last years. A comparative analysis was performed according to the percentage of unsatisfactory samples. We used the results of the selective personal examinations of pipe drinking water of the different districts of the region and the city of Lviv. For the independent estimation of drinking water quality we developed a questionnaire and performed questioning of the population (150 questionnaires). Results. There is a hygienic estimation of drinking-water quality of centralized and decentralized water supply of the Lviv region in the article. Immediate measures for its improvement under modern conditions were defined in the article. From year to year in the Lviv region a high percentage of the samples of non-standard drinking water both by sanitary-chemical (3.0-6.0%) and microbiological (2.1-5.5%) indices has been registered that may create a danger for the health of the population. Improvement of drinking water quality is possible by means of the introduction of the additional purification of drinking water immediately in the place of its consumption (use of domestic and collective water-purifying filters and systems)

35-40

Authors: МАТАСАР І.Т., ЛУЦЕНКО О.Г., ПЕТРИЩЕНКО Л.М., МАТАСАР В.І.

Objective. We evaluated from a hygienic point of view a fat content in the nutrition of secondary school age children permanently residing in the radioac-tively contaminated territories as a result of the accident at the Chоrnobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) and in the territories of the village of Petropavlivska Borshchahivka of the Region of Kyiv and in the сity of Kyiv. Materials and methods. Food rations and nutritional status of secondary school age children permanently residing on the radioactively contaminated territories of the urban-type settlement Ivankiv, District of Ivankiv, Region of Kyiv as a result of the accident at the ChNPP (density of soil contamination with isotopes 137Cs – 185 to 555 kBq/m2, the average passport internal exposure dose of the population constituted (0.24 ± 0.04) mSv/year-1), and of the Village of Petropavlivska Borshchahivka (P. Borshchahivka) of Kyiv-Sviatoshynskyi District of Kyiv Region, as well as of the pupils of the secondary school No. 209 of the сity of Kyiv were the object of the studies. We used hygienic, analytical, mathematical and statistical, software and techno-logical research methods. Results and discussion. The study of actual nutrition of the children’s population residing on the radioactively contaminated territories is the evidence of the violation of nutritional status, increase of alimentary and alimentary-dependent diseases, especially among prepubertal children, which is caused by the deficiency of the range of essential food ingredients and imbalanced rations. Dynamic field observations, conducted in 2013-2015, demonstrated that 10-years-old boys were taking the excessive amount of a number of nutrients, including animal fats, which, in our opinion, may promote a development of the signs of early puberty. Thus, cholesterol content in the rations of the examined children during the whole study period was close to the recommended values. At the same time, we had found the excessive amount of cholesterol in the nutrition rations of 10-years-old boys and its lack in the nutrition rations of 11-years-old boys from the village of P. Borshchahivka and the сity of Kyiv (by 36% and 32%); in the nutrition ration of girls during the winter and spring period of 2015 (village of P.Borshchahivka) – by 31%.

45-52

Authors: Сергета І.В., Панчук О.Ю., Стоян Н.В., Дреженкова І.Л., Макаров С.Ю.

Objective: We analyzed the most actual problems of the university hygiene, determined the physiological and hygienic foundations of their adequate solution, substantiated the scientific principles of the implementation of health protection technologies, hygienic standards of motor activity and profession-graphic assessment of the features of the girls’ and boys’ professional activities, mastering the basic medical and stomatological specialities. Materials and methods: We performed our research with the help of modern hygienic, medical and sociological, psychophysiological, psychodiagnostic, epidemiological, psychological and pedagogical methods and methods of expert assessments and statistical analysis on the basis of Vinnytsia National M.I. Pyrohov Medical University. Results: Analysis of the most actual problems of the university hygiene as an important direction in the hygienic science was carried out, physiological and hygienic bases for their adequate solution were defined. Hygienic standards of the students’ motor activity in the higher educational institutions were developed, taking into account the peculiarities of social formation and professional development of the future specialists and providing a positive effect on the processes of the formation of the health state and functional possibilities of their organism: values of diurnal energy – 11500-13500 kJ in boys and 9000-11000 kJ in girls; amount of locomotions in the daily cycle –15000-19000 steps in boys and 14000-18000 steps in girls; length of the dynamic component in the daily time budget – 140-190 minutes in boys and 130-180 minutes in girls. The structural components of psychophysiograms and psychograms of the leading stomatologic specialities, causing a high level of the professional suitability of the students, were determined and informative physiological criteria for the assessment of the efficiency of mental activity and adaptation possibilities of the students were established. Psychohygienic bases of the health protection technologies in the higher educational institutions with the following conceptual principles as: regime-adaptation, psychophysiological, personal and integrative-functional principles with a relevant content, positively affecting the processes of health formation and providing a high level of the training readiness of modern students, were scientifically substantiated.

56

Authors: редколегія журналу "Довкілля та здоров’я"

Результати наукових досліджень вченого широко впроваджені у практику. Він є автором більш ніж 350 наукових праць, у т.ч. 12 монографій та книг, 46 публікацій за кордоном і у збірках міжнародних форумів, 52 інструктивних, методичних документів у галузі організації онкологічної допомоги, радіаційної гігієни та медицини, епідеміології, медичного контролю стану здоров’я постраждалих внаслідок аварії на ЧАЕС. За керівництва Анатолія Євтихійовича Присяжнюка підготовлено 10 кандидатів наук

62

Authors: Колектив кафедри гігієни та профілактичної токсикології Львівського національного медичного університету імені Данила Галицького

Гідний послідовник української школи токсикологів, приклад досягнення поставлених цілей, Кузьмінов Борис Павлович – вчений, що дивиться у майбутнє

69-74

Authors: ОРЄХОВА О.В.

Objective. Оn the basis of the hygienic assessment of working conditions we calculated the safe working periods for the workers in the mining and metallurgical industry. Materials and methods. We used hygienic, epidemiological and mathematical-statistical methods. Calculation of "safe" time of work was carried out according to the approved method with the calculation of the "dose-effect" dependence. For the factors that do not have a clear "dose-effect" connection the assessment was conducted by the time of the reduction in life expectancy (the health damage (ZZ)) in the form of the reduction of life expectancy by the number of days in a year depending on the degree of hazard by the overall assessment of working conditions. Results. An occupational risk for the health of workers and the mining and metallurgical industry is stipulated by the complex effect of harmful occupational factors that exceed the maximum permissible standards from 40.4% by the noise level to 14% by the indices of vibration in the workplace and belong to the 3rd class of 2d and 3d degrees of hazard. "Safe" dates of employment in underground mining of iron ore range from 1.25–5 years at work in dusty conditions to 1.5 months under noise effect. Hidden health damage amounts to 50.0 days per year due to the severity and the intensity of work under underground conditions. "Safe" periods of work in open pit mining of iron ore make up from 12.6 years to 5 days under noise effect and 2.5–1.25 years under the dust one. The largest hidden health damage from hazardous working conditions varies from 8.75 to 50.0 days per year. For the main technological processes of metallurgical production. "Safe" periods of work under conditions of dust range from 1.25 to 5 years, 40-1.3 years under conditions of noise, from 17 to 3.4 years under heating microclimate, depending on parameters and degree of microclimate harmfulness. Performed investigations present a necessity to develop sanitary-hygienic and preventive measures at the workplaces for the improvement of working conditions and a decrease of the levels of harmful occupational factors. The implementation of the new system of the professional risk management may be an effective measure for a decrease of the level of the occupational diseases, the "protection time" or "safe" term of work under harmful conditions by means of the limitation of the time of exposure to harmful occupational factors is one of the components of this system.

4-9

Authors: Яловенко О.І., Голіченков О.М., Раєцька О.В., Ляшенко В.І., Майстренко З.Ю., Уманець Г.П., Кучеренко О.Ю., Бабій В.Ф., Кондратенко О.Є., Пімушина М.В., Винарська О.І., Григоренко Л.Є., Молдавська Н.Б., Томашевська Л.А., Дідик Н.В., Лемешко Л.П.

Objective. We performed a comparative study of the toxicological properties of different amphoteric surfactants for the prognostication of their harmful effect at the use of a cosmetic cleanser in the composition. Materials and methods. Four amphoteric surfactants: Cocoamphodiacetate, Coco-betain, Cocamodopropyl Betaine, Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate were studied in the work. Research was performed by the method of the in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity; classic toxicological method of the determination of toxicity integral indices; study of transdermal effect of the surfactants on guinea-pigs during 4 months with the assessment of hematological, immunological and biochemical indices of blood. Results and сonclusions. We experimentally proved that all studied amphoteric surfactants had cytotoxic and dermaresorptive properties of different degrees. Immunotoxic effect (suppression and sensibilization) was determined to be a characteristic feature of the biological effect of the amphoteric surfactants at their transdermal effect. Cocamodopropyl Betaine was the most toxic, it is a single among studied amphoteric surfactants to cause a development of hypersensitiveness of immediate and delayed types. Cocoamphodiacetate and Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate are the most safe. Their resorptive effect was proved by immunotoxic effect only.

15-19

Authors: ШЕВЧЕНКО О.А., КУЛАГІН О.О.

Objective. We assessed a phytotoxic effect of various concentrations of diesel fuel (DF) on wheat and radish germination in the laboratory experiment for its further hygienic regulation in soil. Material and methods. We used a phytotesting method. Plants sensitive to the action of oil products (wheat and radish) were used as a test claimant under conditions of the simulation of maximum effect of diesel fuel. In the laboratory experiment we used DF according to DSTC 4840:2007 «Diesel Fuel. Improved Quality» manufactured by Аvias ITF LTD. Statistical processing of the material was performed applying the program package Microsoft Excel 2010 and STATISTICA v.6.1®. Results. During the laboratory experiment the concentrations of DF were established to inhibit the germination of seed and to retard the development of roots of the test plants not less than by 20% relatively to control. Conclusions. According to the results of the laboratory experiment a scientifically substantiated threshold concentration of diesel fuel, causing a phytotoxic effect, makes up 1500 mg/kg.

26-28

Authors: БАБІЙ В.Ф., БРЕНЬ Н.І., ПІМУШИНА М.В., КОНДРАТЕНКО О.Є.

Objective. We determined the toxicological and hygienic indicators of textiles produced using "a copper filament" in accordance with the criteria of the evaluation of raw material and textile, leather, fur ones and products of them to justify the conditions for their safe use. Materials and methods. Hosiery produced with "copper fibers" was the object of the study. For the study of general toxic effect we used a method of the suspended culture of motile cells-bull sperm, and their motility was a test function. The method is based on the analysis of the change of the dependence of sperm motility index from time. Results. Evaluation of test results was carried out comparing the obtained toxicity indices for the test samples and the allowable range of toxicity index. The studied sample was considered as non-toxic one if index of toxicity had a value from 70% to 120%. Results of the determination of general toxic effect of textile products with "copper fibers" (by way of example of hosiery) showed that the index of toxicity made up 78.7% that agrees with the definition of "non-toxic". Thus studied textile products, made with "copper filament", do not manifest toxic properties and are safe for consumers.

37-41

Authors: КОНДРАТЮК В. А., ФЕДОРІВ О. Є., ЛОТОЦЬКА О. В.

Objective. We studied a character of isolated and combined effect of lead nanoparticles and lead acetate with sodium and potassium stearates under conditions of their intake with drinking water into organism. Materials and methods. We used hygienic, toxicological, biochemical, morphological, hematological and statistical methods (Student t-test, Mann-Whitney test), correlation analysis, divisional and additive options for the calculation of the coefficient of joint effect in terms of central tendency, variability and assessments of probability after M.Yu. Antomonov. Results. Under conditions of acute sanitary-and-toxicological experiment LD50 of lead acetate and lead nanoparticles was established to manifest a similar toxicity, to be at the level of 294.0 (242.0 ÷ 346.0) mg / kg (toxicity grade 1) and to have a pronounced capacity for cumulation (CI = 0.7). Maximum non-affecting concentration was ascertained to be equal to 0.006 mg/dm3, adjusted for the grade of toxicity - 0.0006 mg/dm3. A tentatively safe level for potassium stearate is 0.25 mg/dm3, for sodium stearate - 0.16 mg/dm3 on the basis of general sanitary hazard sign at the control of water quality for domestic-drinking and cultural-and-residential use. The combined effect of nanoparticles and lead acetate at the peroral use of drinking water with sodium and potassium stearates causes leukocytosis, accelerated maturation of myeloid series of cells in a bone marrow of rats and arrest of their release into peripheral blood due to inefficient cell division pronounced vascular disorders in liver, dystrophic, necrobiotic changes of hepatocytes, connective tissue cells, stromal cell infiltration. Less pronounced changes in the test body structure took place at the combined effect of lead acetate with sodium stearate.

46-49

Authors: ГРАЧОВА Т.І.

Objective. We studied the environmental factor effects (indices, characterizing a quality of the food intakes: caloric value, protein, carbohydrate, fat, calcium and phosphorus content; level of soil pollution by low doses of heavy metals and radionuclides, hygienic conditions at children’s educational institutions) on the indices of physical development of the children’s population in Chernivtsi. Materials and methods. We performed a multiple regression analysis to study the effect of the above-mentioned environmental factors on the indices of the physical development of pre-school age children and its harmony. Besides, we calculated the reliability indices for the regression coefficients. The comparison of the importance of environmental and nutritional factor effect on the indices of physical development was carried out in terms of β-coefficients’ values, and also we determined the percentage of the impact of the studied factors (d). The findings were processed on the PC using Statistica 7.0 software (StatSoft Inc., USA). Results. The analysis of multiple regression allowed us to point out the risk groups of pre-school age children which included the boys 3 years age as well as girls and boys at the age of 3.5 with strongly disharmonious physical development due to the body mass deficiency whose physical development was significantly influenced by most of the studied factors. Use of the multiple regression analysis allowed us to assess and validate the regressive models of the changes of the indices of balanced physical development of pre-school age children which may appear due to the changes of the studied environmental factors from the perspective of variance-and-statistical analysis.

55-59

Authors: ЧЕБЕРЯЧКО С.І., ЯВОРСЬКА О.О., ЧЕБЕРЯЧКО Ю.І.

Objective. We determined a professional risk level of the occurrence of dust etiology respiratory diseases in miners while using respirators. Materials and methods: For the calculation of risk level we used a technique offered by prof. Novikov S.M. On its basis we obtained the results confirming that dust effect built up with a significant MAC excess and an increase of time of the workers’ stay in the area of dust factor effect. Results. The anti-dust respirators were established to reduce a risk degree not more than by 50% that didn’t allow a sufficient level of the protection of miners. With this provision, an excess of dust concentration in under-mask space in the AA respirator at dust content of 150 mg/m3 in mine working reaches about 40% that is dangerous for the health of miners. Conclusions. A risk of the occurrence of dust etiology diseases can be decreased owing to properly fitted qualitative anti-dust respirators but not to the safe level. It needs not only to improve a respirator design but also to provide motivation for their use by the miners.

68-74

Authors: АДАМЧУК Т.В., ЧУМАК Н.Є.

Objective. We compared the European legislation on food additives, flavorings and enzymes with the Ukrainian one and formulated the main risks for human health in the context of the changes in the Ukrainian legislation connected with the regulation of food additives, flavorings, enzymes. Materials and methods. The analysis of the scientific literature and the Ukrainian and international normative acts as well, concerning the safety and regulation of food additives, flavorings, enzymes. Results. The main changes, implemented in the legislation of Ukraine, concerning the regulation of food additives, flavorings and enzymes, and entered into force on 20.09.2015, are the Law of Ukraine "On Basic Principles and Requirements for Safety and Quality of Food Products" and amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Ensuring of Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population". The law provides for the registration of sanitary measure objects by the central body of the executive power which creates and ensures the implementation of state policy in the sphere of public health. Automatic including of the permitted food additives, permitted in the EU, is provided in the domestic registry. The above norm deprives Ukraine of the sovereign right to determine the security requirements to the objects of the environment of human vital activity. According to the EU Regulation 1333/2008, 325 food additives were included in the list of the permitted. In Ukraine 264 food additives were included in “The List of Food Additives Approved for Use in Foods”. Thus, 115 food additives are introduced in the State Register of Ukraine without scientific justification and even without toxicological dossier for them. It should be noted that more stringent standards were set for certain food additives in Ukraine. In case of flavorings, the implementation of the Law entails the adoption of the list of the aromatic substances of about 3000 denominations without scientific justification and evaluation. As for enzymes, at present the European register of food enzymes has not been formed yet. It should be noted that it is simply impossible to use the international normative-legal basis in mentioned sphere without adequate procedure for its harmonization and adaptation to the domestic conditions. Performing the harmonization of the Ukrainian legislation with the international one, it is inadmissible to reduce a level of the protection of public health adopted in the country. Conclusions/ The main risks for the health of the population in the context of changes in the legislation of Ukraine concerning the regulation of food additives, flavorings, enzymes are: harmonization without scientific justification, incomplete adaptation of the European legislation and new regulator (the competent authority) which is not able yet to implement all its powers for the implementation of state policy in the sphere of security and separate indicators of food quality in full.

4-8

Authors: СЕРДЮК А.М., КОБЛЯНСЬКА А.В., СКЛЯРЕНКО К.А.

Objective. We determined the main conditions of the application of program-target planning in the development and the implementation of national comprehensive programs aimed at the realization of public health state policy of Ukraine. Materials and мethods. Analysis of legislative acts and standard-methodical materials in the sphere of public health of Ukraine and also the analysis of documents and scientific-methodological materials of the WHO and other international institutions, monitoring of the implementation of the state target programs in public health. Results. Urgency of the problem is connected with a necessity of a detailed study of state planning in the field of public health in Ukraine. The state target programs, realizing the goals and the objectives of the state policy of Ukraine, should become its basis. We present the analysis of the main legislative documents in the sphere of state programs by the example of inter-branch comprehensive program "Health of Nation" for 2002-2011 as one of the most large-scale, based on the principles of the WHO, during the time of the independence of Ukraine. There are the results of the implementation of the scientific part of the program. The importance and the main shortcomings of the program are demonstrated. A main direction of the state policy in public health is demonstrated to have to become a provision of its integrity at the expense of the unified approaches to planning.

14-18

Authors: СЕМАШКО П.В., КОНОНОВА О.В.

The scientific substantiations for the revision of existing Ukrainian sanitary norms SN № 34077-84 «Sanitary norms of allowable noise in residential and public buildings and in residential areas" and DBN V.1.1-31: 2013 «Protecting areas of houses and buildings from the noise. Materials and methods. An analysis of the literature on the evaluation criteria of noise in residential and public buildings. Calculation of the corrected scale "A" sound levels - DSTU-NB V.1.1-35: 2013 "Guidelines for the calculation of noise levels in the rooms and in the territories" Appendix B. Calculation of SIL - by ANSI S12.2-2008: “Criteria for Evaluating Room Noise”. Calculation of the required reduction and the required insulation - by DBN V.1.1-31: 2013. “Protecting areas of houses and buildings from the noise”. Results. The inconsistency in CH № 3077-84 and DBN V.1.1-31: 2013 according of permissible sound pressure level to its permissible sound levels was proved, which leads to incorrect hygienic assessment of noise in the rooms and in the territories. It was proved that the use of permissible sound pressure levels CH № 3077-84 and DBN V.1.1-31: 2013, the calculation of the required sound insulation of building envelopes leads to an underestimation of its values, which in turn leads to disruption of the acoustic mode planned residential premises and public buildings is still at the design stage. Recommended permissible sound levels and sound pressure for residential and public buildings. Conclusions. The scientific basis for the revision of existing Ukrainian sanitary norms SN № 34077-84 «Sanitary norms of allowable noise in residential and public buildings and in residential areas" and DBN V.1.1-31: 2013 “Protecting areas of houses and buildings from the noise”.

24-30

Authors: КОРШУН М.М., РУДА Т.В., КОРШУН О.М., ДЕМА О.В.

Objective. We assessed a risk of groundwater contamination with dimoxystrobin based on mathematical modeling and experimental study of its vertical migration in the "soil – groundwater" system and a scientific substantiation of the threshold concentration in soil by water–migration index of the risk for the further development of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) in soil. Materials and мethods. A forecast of the risk of groundwater contamination with dimoxystrobin was conducted on the basis of the determination of the integral risk vector, proceeding from the index of leaching potential, period of substance half-destruction due to a hydrolysis and a zone of biological action. During the mathematical modeling of dimoxystrobin migration from soil into groundwater we used the regression equations, describing a dependence of the hygienic standards in soil from the MAC in water reservoirs. Experimental study of dimoxystrobin vertical migration was performed on 6 filtration columns, designed by Acad. E.I Honcharuk, with a use of the model soil reference № 1 and leached black earth. Initial concentrations of dimoxystrobin in the upper (0.2 m) layer of soil made up 0.05; 0.1; 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. During the first 30 days sample selection of filtrate was performed daily, then – every 5 days. Dimoxystrobin in the filtrate was determined by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography with a limit of quantitative determination of 0.001 mg/dm3. Results. Dimoxystrobin has a low or medium mobility by the rate of organic carbon adsorption coefficient but a high ability to migration from soil into groundwater by the index of the potential elution. The tentative allowable concentration (TAC) of dimoxystrobin in the soil, calculated by the regression equations, made up 0.04 mg / kg, it was half as many as the TAC approved in Ukraine. Integral vector of the risk for the health of the population due to the groundwater contamination with dimoxystrobin complies with a high level (138,6 points). Dimoxystrobin was established experimentally to be extremely mobile in the “soil–groundwater” system. Migration levels of dimoxystrobin from soil to filtrate depend on the type of the surface arable layer and the initial concentrations of the substance. The threshold dimoxystrobin concentration in soil by water–migration risk coefficient was determined on the level of 0.05 mg/kg, which corresponded to 1.5 maximum rates of application. Therefore, a use of the preparations, based on dimoxystrobin in a maximum recommended rate of application, will not cause a contamination of groundwater under the real soil-and-climatic conditions of Ukraine.

35-38

Authors: ГОРОВА А.І., БУЧАВИЙ Ю.В.

Objective. We studied a level of the greenery planting in the sanitary protection zones (SPZ) of the Dnepropetrovsk industrial enterprises. Materials and мethods. We applied the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the assessment of the level of territories’ greening planting and the quality of green space. For its calculation we used the multispectral aerial photographs obtained from the archives of satellite imagery Landsat 8. Processing of aerial photos, calculation of average-seasonal values of the NDVI, as well as their classification with a further zone-statistical analysis at the territories of the SPZ were performed in the program ESRI ARCMAP 9. Results. The green areas at the territories of the SPZ were determined to be placed irregularly. A significant part of the SPZ territories of the industrial enterprises is characterized by rare vegetation and open soil. The enterprises that didn’t meet the requirements for the amount of vegetated areas of the SPZ were revealed as a result of zone-statistical analysis.

43-46

Authors: КУЗЬМІНОВ Б.П., МАТИСІК С.І., ЗАЗУЛЯК Т.С., МИКИТЧАК Т.І.

Objective. We studied the acute toxicity of Antral in Daphnia magna Straus. Materials and methods. We determined the acute toxicity of Antral in the concentrations of 0.05; 0.10; 0.20; 0.50; 1.00 and 2.00 mg/l among 180 juvenile Daphnia magna Straus. The control group consisted of 30 individuals which were in the pure cultivation medium. The duration of the experiment made up 96 hours. The toxicity was determined by death not less than 50% of the experimental individuals during 1; 6; 24; 48; 72 and 96 hours. For LC 50 calculation we used a percentage of the individuals perished in the experiment relative to the control. The percentage of mortality was transferred into probit and a concentration of the substance - into their decimal logarithm. According to these values we had constructed the graphs from which we determined the lethal concentration of Antral by the antilogarithm of the concentration in probit with the meaning of 5 for each period of the experiment. Results. Conditions for the determination of Antral acute toxicity in the alternative test systems were satisfied, and mortality in Daphnia magna Straus to 10% in the control and less than 50% by the exposure of different concentrations of the preparation indicates it. Dependence of the death in Daphnia magna Straus from studied Antral concentrations was determined. Coefficient of correlation among these indicators for 24 h made up 0.88; for 48 h - 0.98; for 72 h - 0.91 and for 96 h - 0.90 (p<0.05 in all cases). Average lethal Antral concentrations (mg/l) for the biotests of different duration: for 48 h - 3.7; for 2 h - 7.1; for 96 h - 2.5 were calculated according to the graphs of probit values. Average meaning of LC 50 for Antral makes up 4.4 mg/l, standard deviation – 2.4 mg/l. Antral concentration of 2.0 mg/l (Grade 2 of toxicity) was proved to be a weakly toxic one.

51-54

Authors: РУДНИЦЬКА О.П., БЕРДНИК О.В., ДОБРЯНСЬКА О.В.

Objective. We predicted a probability of the formation of some types of pathology in preschool age children living in the big city. Materials and methods. We calculated the prognostic levels of morbidity for 2020 year based on a retrospective (1972-2014) analysis of the morbidity dynamics in the children 6-7 years of age (living in two districts of big city) using the extrapolation method (mathematic modeling and determination of moving average). The analysis of morbidity was performed on the basis of the documentations of preschool institutions. The evaluation of accuracy and reliability of the prognosis consisted in the calculation of the error of approximation and mathematical model coefficients. Results. The calculation of the morbidity in the senior preschool age children, living in the big city, demonstrates that the levels of the prevalence of diseases, connected etiopathogenetically with the environmental contamination, will be increased till 2020. In spite of more intensive prognostic increase of children’s morbidity in the districts located near the big industrial enterprises, the levels of children’s morbidity in the districts located near the highways will be higher. The results of the verification allow us to consider these prognoses more accurate and reliable. They can be used for creation and planning of the preventive measures for the improvement of preschool age children health status.

59-62

Authors: ЗАВАДА М.І.

Objective. We studied children’s and adolescent’s health state by the dynamics of the analysis of its main indicators in the Lviv region. Materials and methods: We analyzed the indicators of the prevalence of diseases and morbidity of the children of 0-14 years of age and the adolescents of 15-17 years of age. These indicators were got from the annual reports of the indicators of health state and activities of public health institutions in the Lviv region for 2009-2013. Results. Respiratory diseases ranked the first in the structure of the prevalence of diseases and morbidity among the children and the adolescents in the Lviv region. Diseases of endocrine and musculoskeletal systems were registered more often in the adolescents than in the children.The dynamics of general prevalence and morbidity in the children remained relatively constant, and a growth of the diseases of nervous system and neoplasm by more than 20% was registered. An increase of general prevalence of diseases by 18%, morbidity – by 13%, and a growth of all groups of diseases practically, especially mental and behavioral disorders, neoplasm were determined in adolescents. The results indicate that last years the health of children, especially of adolescents, deteriorated significantly in the Lviv region.

70-76

Authors: БОБКО Н.А.

Objective. We revealed the effects of biological and social nature factors on the professional reliability of locomotive driver under shiftwork. Materials and methods. We performed the analytical literature review of the library and electronic databases (Medline, Pubmed, CIS, Embase) via Internet using search computer technology (Google, Yahoo, Rambler) by means of web-based and client-server database management systems. Results. The existing systems of professional selection, training, body state control and correction are not effective enough to ensure the reliable daily operation of locomotive drivers. Harmful and dangerous working conditions exacerbate the development of fatigue, which is one of the underlying causes of transport accidents. Regularities of its development are closely related to the time of day, duration and intensity of the work shift, the shift series, time of the year, with human age, weather, climate and geomagnetic conditions. Thus, the circadian rhythm potentiates feeling tired at night, in the early morning hours and minimizes it at the afternoon and evening. The frequency of a signal passed at danger increases after 8-10 hours of continuous operation and increases up to 7-9 times at the 12-22-nd hours of working. The accident risk due to the fault of locomotive drivers doubled after 4-6 hours of driving compared to the first hours of operation, after 10 consecutive working days compared to the first five ones, reached maximum scores from midnight to 4 a.m., in February and August. Young drivers react to the road events quickly, but the accident commit more frequently. Ageing speeds the fatigue development and delays the recovery. The most effective way to prevent the early fatigue development is the sufficient quality sleep. However, its duration in a car is 25% shorter than at home, the sleep structure is changed. Both the sleep deficit and tiredness are the greatest at night and early morning shifts. Bad weather (precipitation), an increase in intensity of the Earth geomagnetic field increases the risk of railway incidents. Conclusion. Optimization of working conditions, design and equipment of cabins, railway crossings, the maximum possible taking into consideration of the biological and environmental factors reducing the effectiveness of driving activities while improving chronobiological bases of working and rest regimes are a reserve for increase of the locomotive drivers professional reliability.

4-8

Authors: БАЛЕНКО Н.В., ЦИМБАЛЮК С.М., ЧЕРНИЧЕНКО І.О., ОСТАШ О.М.

We elucidated the possible mechanisms of benzo(a)pyrene influence on the formation of thyroid cancer morbidity in the population. Materials and Methods: Analysis of our own and literary data. We applied the method of theoretical analysis of the scientific and methodological literature (compilation, synthesis and abstraction) on the biological effects of this compound and the regularities of their manifestation. Results. The results of the performed analysis allowed to suppose that under chronic enter of benzo(a)pyrene into the organism it may produce different effects leading to a disturbance of synthesis and a decrease of thyroid hormones’ levels, that cause the activation of the thyrocites’ proliferation, development of hyperplasia, goiter. Besides, carcinogen induces also genetic and epigenetics changes in the invariable and proliferating cells at the thyroid nodal diseases, and mutations are their consequences. Stable induction of mentioned changes and simultaneous availability of the disturbances of immune system, caused by carcinogen and may promote a contribution of carcinogen together with the effect of other factors into increase of the risk and acceleration of the development of thyroid cancer in the population.

14-18

Authors: ЛІТОВЧЕНКО О.Л., ПЕРЦЕВ Д.П., ГОРГОЛЬ Н.І., МІТЕЛЬОВА Т.Ю., ЗАВГОРОДНІЙ І.В.

Objective. We established the nature of morphological and functional changes in the internal organs of the laboratory animals in isolated effect of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and joint effect of EMR with a positive low temperature in the experiment as well. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in a subacute laboratory experiment (30 days) in white male rats. At the end of the experiment, the following internal organs were isolated: liver, kidneys, adrenals, testes, thyroid, and spleen. Histological studies were performed using conventional histological techniques and methods of histochemistry. Results. The morphological changes in internal organs of the animals exposed to EMR were characterized by the state of the functional tension that was the body's response to the effect of impact of hazardous factors. However, the influence of EMR at the joint effect with cold factor was more pronounced on the part of the endocrine system, it confirms a decrease of the resistance of the experimental animals’ organism in this group. Conclusion. The isolated action of EMR led to the development of adaptive reactions of the organism. At the same time, the effect of EMR in conditions of cold stress for 30 days resulted in disruption of adaptation mechanisms and contributed to occurrence of pathological changes.

22-30

Authors: СЕРДЮК А.М., ПАВЛЕНКО Т.О., РИГАН М.М., ЛОСЬ І.П., СКАЛЕЦЬКИЙ Ю.М.

Objective. We analyzed the problems of radiation protection of the population of Ukraine via a prism of the radiological consequences at the Chornobyl NPP. Materials and methods. Ukrainian and foreign scientific materials, national and international regulatory framework for radiation protection of the population and staff were used in the study. Methods: bibliographic, analytical, dosimetric, statistical, method of systematic approach. Resume. Separate measures for the overcoming of the consequences of the radiation accident at the Chornobyl NPP, taking into account the current methodology for radiation safety and current medico-biological and radioecological realities, were analyzed, security problems in some spheres of the application of radiation technologies were evaluated. It was established that not only socio-economic recovery of contaminated areas were unreasonably delayed but the great problems in the radiation protection of population from medical exposure and technologically-enhanced natural sources of natural origin were accumulated as well. Separate approaches for the ensurance of the radiological safety, demonstrated their ineffeciency in the implementation of state policy on the overcoming of the consequences of the Chornobyl accident and contradicted to the international practice of radiation protection (risk compensation), were included in the national legislation as one of the basic principles of the state policy of nuclear and radiation safety.

36-41

Authors: ФЕДОРЕНКО З.П., ГУЛАК Л.О., РЫЖОВ А.Ю., ГОРОХ Е.ЛСУМКИНА., Е.В., КУЦЕНКО Л.Б.

Study of the breast cancer incidence in the population of Ukraine and territories exposed to the Chоrnobyl accident has shown a stable increase in the indices, their growth rates in the contaminated areas were twice as large as in the whole Ukraine. Breast cancer of the female population aged 0-39 years was studied separately as the most sensitive to radiation. The breast cancer was established to be consistently in the first place in the structure of incidence of the female population both of Ukraine and the studied areas (20-24%), i.e. the breast cancer is diagnosed in one of five women with cancer, this emphasizes a significance of the problem. Study of trend models of breast cancer in the women of 0-39 years’ age group showed that in the post-accident period the increase of the incidence in the contaminated areas had reached 43.5% while in Ukraine it hadn’t exceed 18.1%. Those features of the dynamics of breast cancer incidence promoted a significant rapprochement of the indices, registered in Ukraine and in the oblasts of radiation control, and since 1994-1997 the level of the breast cancer incidence in the majority of the radioactively contaminated areas exceeded the average Ukrainian level.

48-54

Authors: ЗАГОРОДНЮК К.Ю., БАРДОВ В.Г., ОМЕЛЬЧУК С.Т., ПЕЛЬО І.М., ЗАГОРОДНЮК Ю.В., НІКІПЄЛОВА О.М., БАРИШНІКОВА О.П.

The first place among the factors that adversely affect the level of health of the population in the Ukraine is given by the experts in the area of the health and environment to the water, which is ahead in this among atmospheric air and food. Taking into consideration above mentioned, the objective of our research was the hygienic substantiation of necessity and ways of municipal centralized water supply systems’ modernization in the Ukraine to reduce the level of uninfectious morbidity. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal in our research the following methods were used: bibliographic method of scientific information analysis, forecasting methods and calculations, the method of sanitary inspection of the technological equipment, the organoleptic, chemical, physical-chemical, hydro-biological, electrochemical, technological, methods of researches. Results. The direction and pace of cancer risk factors changes and cancer morbidity dynamics of the population in the Ukraine were studied. It was established that one of the main reasons for the increase of cancer rates in the Ukraine is the deterioration in the quality of water supplied to the end users by centralized water supply systems, first of all, due to the content of chlorinorganic compounds (COC below) in it. Link between corrosive aggressivness and stability of drinking water of filtration station of water purification facilities of public utility “Nikopol operational department of water supply and sewerage economy” and intensity of the COCs formation on the stages of its purification and during transportation in pipelines. It was established that purify drinking water and to supply by it end-users in any point of the water distribution network with quality meeting the requirements of State sanitary rules and standards 2.2.4 - 171 -10 or other normative documents is possible only in case of sufficient level of coagulation and further stabilization processing of water before it enters the water distribution network.

59-61

Authors: ЄРЕМ Т.В., ЄРЕМ Х.В.

We identified the areas unfavorable for residing in the Transcarpathian region on the basis of the study of the peculiarities of the ecological situation in the region followed the cartography of their calculated physiological equivalence. Materials and methods. For the assessment of the ecological conditions of residing of the population we used the indices of the territorial concentration of production, commercial cultivation of land, population density, environmental contamination (chemical, air, natural water, soil and radiation), natural conditions (degree of territory damages by the adverse anthropogenic processes). Primary preparation for the systematization of the obtained data was performed with the help of Microsoft Excel. Results. Performed cartography of the study results showed a presence of high-risk areas in the Transcarpathian region where the living conditions of the population didn’t correspond to the existing sanitary-and-hygienic requirements. Medico-geographical analysis of etiopathogenetic intercommunication of the total contamination of the region (different risk degrees) with the definite nosologic forms of the diseases among the local population will be a subsequent stage of the study. Conclusions. Developed map may be used by the specialists in the sphere of medical geography, by the sanitary inspectors and interested bodies as a basis for the measures on the improvement of the ecological situation in the areas at risk. A problem of day is a unification of the efforts of the doctors, hygienists and other professionals, looking for alternative ways to ensure the population’s residing conditions whose quality corresponds to the physiological needs of a human.

68-72

Authors: КОБЛЯНСЬКА А.В., СКЛЯРЕНКО К.А.

Objective. We analyzed the international experience, the recommendations of the World Health Organization and identified the basic requirements at the development and implementation of the policy within the framework of the national programs on the environmental protection and children’s and adolescents’ health system. A level of public health and health services’ state depend on the real socio-economic processes in the state. First of all, a sector strategy is based on the demographic situation, the main indicators of the health of the population taking into account the environmental risk factors. According to the data of the WHO, the impact of the contaminated environment on a human health is still a leading reason of death and sufferings throughout Europe, especially for children. Children as the most vulnerable part of society are extremely sensitive to the environmental threats. Allowing for the European vector of development, the future health services’ system in Ukraine must be agreed with the European principles, it presupposes a replacement of the given model of health services by the modern world schemes, practices, and experiences, taking into account that children and youth are the priorities of state policy.

76-79

Authors: КОВАЛЬЧУК Т.А., .ПАВЛЕНКО О.I., .ОРЄХОВА О.В., ПРОКОПЧУК О.Л.

We aimed to reduce a risk of the professional pathology among the workers of the main professions in modern converter production. Materials and methods. We used hygienic, epidemiological and mathematical-and-statistical methods in the research. The main group was presented by the workers of the main professions of the converter production (984 persons): steelmaker and steelmaker’s assistant - 351 persons, ladle man – 194 persons, mixer man and mixer man’s assistant – 145 persons, steel caster – 294 persons. The control group was presented by the workers of the mechanical-repair department which were not affected the unhealthy occupational factors during their work. Results. The working conditions at the modern converter plants don’t meet the hygienic standards. Both in the main group and in the control one the respiratory system diseases are at the first place, the diseases of the blood circulation are at the fourth one in the morbidity structure with a temporary disability (MRTD). It is connected with a complex impact of the high dust concentrations, mainly of fibrogenic effect, heating microclimate, and hard physical work on the workers. The highest levels of MRTD from the respiratory system diseases at the converter plant were registered among the steelmakers and the steelmaker’s assistants both by the number of cases and by the amount of the days of disability. Current situation with the occupational pathology morbidity levels in the metallurgical industry needs development and implementation of the system of the management of the professional risks that exist among the workers of main professions in modern converter production. The mechanism of modern prophylaxis has been proposed taking into account the experience of the leading European countries. The employer must introduce the events for the protection of the workers’ health and safety on the base of this mechanism. This is a concept of risk assessment and management by the risks for the health of the workers.

4-9

Authors: КОБЛЯНСЬКА А.В., СКЛЯРЕНКО К.А.

Study Objective. To study the fundamental European principles of NCD prevention, and minimize the impact of risk factors on population health, identify the environmental and social determinants that are directly related to the emergence of diseases and health conditions. Materials and methods: The sources of scientific information became legal documents, scientific and educational materials, WHO, as well as government regulations and key documents in the field of Public Health of Ukraine, in particular for the prevention of NCDs and to minimize the risk of exposure to hazardous factors. Results. The high prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as around the world, and in Ukraine, is a serious challenge to public health. Analyzes some of the most important strategic documents of the European Union on prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as adopted by the world health organization (WHO) at all levels - global, regional and national. International experience strongly suggests that the starting point for action in the field of health protection should be the distribution of actions across all sectors of government and society, recognizing the need for a comprehensive approach to the health of the population, embodied in the comprehensive national strategy aimed at addressing the most important priorities, with a clear indication of the future direction for the activities and the expected contributions from the different sectors of society and sectors of the economy. International experience, analysis of the performance and experience of carrying out the comprehensive program "Health of nation" for 2002-2011 in Ukraine is the basis for a multi-sectoral approach for the development of strategic projects of preventive medicine involving representatives of both state and non-state structures (ministries, departments, agencies, non-governmental and professional organizations).

13-17

Authors: СУРМАШЕВА О.В., РОМАНЕНКО Л.І., КОРЧАК Г.І., НІКОНОВА Н.О., ГОРВАЛЬ А.К., БЕРЕЗОВЧУК С.М., ДІДІКІН Г.Г.

The purpose of the study. The study of antimicrobial activity and physical properties of composite on the basis of kaolin and silver nanoparticles was the purpose of the study. Materials and methods. The composite on the basis of the preparation of kaolin “Kremnevit” and silver nanoparticles (NPS Ag) obtained by electron-beam evaporation in vacuum with subsequent deposition from the vapour phase has been created. Antimicrobial activity against E. coli was determined by suspension method. As the control was a solution of silver nitrate. Determination of the size, shape and distribution of NPS Ag has been performed by a scanning electron microscope of Tescan Vega GP. The stability of aqueous suspensions of the composite was recorded by laser correlation spectrometry in spectrometer "Zeta Sizer-3”, the concentration of silver by the method of atomic emission spectroscopy. The research results and their discussion. The obtained composite had high antimicrobial activity against E. coli. Composite diluted to a concentration of 0,27 мcg/g by silver exerted a bactericidal effect on microorganisms at a concentration of (4.5 x 106) CFU/ml for 24 hours, and diluted up to 2.7 mcg/g - for 4 hours of contact. Electron microscopy sized NPS Ag for the level of 10-60 nm, NPS Ag had a spherical shape. The most common size of the nanoparticles of kaolin is from 60-140 nm. NPS Ag form a stable structure with particles of kaolin. After 50 days of aging the suspension of the composite with concentration of 0.001% by silver had maintained its high antimicrobial activity, the concentration of NPS Ag in the supernatant was (0,054±0,011) µg/g. The high antimicrobial activity of the obtained composite material allowed recommend it for application in medicine for the prevention and treatment of infections of different localization, as enter sorbent in the gastro-intestinal infections, dysbacteriosis, as well as in other areas of biology and economy.

23-25

Authors: ЄРЕМ Т.В.

Objective. We studied the quantitative content of the heavy metals in the vegetable blend, grown on the territory of the Transcarpathian region that was a food intake of the local population. Materials and methods. We used such research methods of the study of microelement composition of vegetable blend: instrumental-and-laboratory, sanitary-and-chemical. All the digital data, obtained during the experiments, were processed by the methods of variation statistics. Results. In the course of our study we proved the presence of a low concentration of heavy metals in the food intakes of the inhabitants of the Transcarpathian region. Conclusions: The obtained data suggest that studied samples of the vegetable blend, comprising a food intake of the residents of the Transcarpathian region, should be considered ecologically pure by the content of lead and mercury. In case of their application they cannot be a reason of dangerous changes in the health state of the population. Monitoring of the content of heavy metals in the vegetables of the Transcarpathian region should be continued not only for current control of the quality of the foodstuffs, but also for the accumulation of the results of laboratory studies of heavy metals in the products of all areas of the region taking into account hydrogeological, agrochemical, climate-and-weather, and other conditions for the cultivation of the agricultural crops; storage, and processing, transportation of the foodstuffs.

30-35

Authors: ПОНОМАРЕНКО Н.П. ГАРКАВИЙ С.І., КОРШУН М.М., АНТОМОНОВ М.Ю.

Objective: assessment of the influence of environmental factors on the health indices of child population in rural areas of Chernihiv region. Materials and methods. The relationship between the level of primary and general morbidity in children of 0-14 years, stillbirth, perinatal, neonatal, postneonatal, infant mortality rates and the condition of contamination of drinking water, food, air and soil in the period of 2001-2012 was studied. Sources of information were the data of the Regional Centre for Information and Analytical Technologies, and Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle of Chernihiv Regional Council as well as the statistical form № 18 "Report on the environmental factors that affect the health of the population". A correlation analysis with the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Results. It was found that the leading factors that affect the health of the rural child population of Chernihiv region are the quality of drinking water by the sanitary-chemical and sanitary-bacteriological parameters, epidemiological and radiation safety of food, the quality of atmospheric air and helminthological soil pollution. Chemical pollution of food and bacteriological pollution of soil have much less influence on children's health. Between the chemical pollution of soil and the test parameters, the reliable positive connection was not revealed at all.

42-46

Authors: КАПРАНОВ С.В.

Objective. We studied the general and primary disability among children in the industrial cities with a high technological load and rural area with a less significant technological load, as well as in the Luhansk region in general during 1996-2013. Materials and methods. The estimation of primary and general disability in children under 17 years was performed on the basis of statistical data analysis of the annual reference books prepared by the Luhansk Regional Children's Hospital. Results and summary. Among the causes of general and primary children`s disability in the region, industrial towns and rural areas, the congenital anomalies (Q00-Q99) come the first, diseases of the nervous system (G00-G99) come the second, mental and behavioral disorders (F00-F59) are the third. Among the causes of common disability, the disorders of eye and adnexa (H00-H59) come the fourth, the endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90) are the fifth. In the industrial cities with the large enterprises of black metallurgy and coke-chemical production, especially in Alchevsk, the endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (as one of the main causes of general and primary children`s disability) are largely determined by the adverse environmental conditions and other factors of urban environment. Children`s disability in Alchevsk due to blood and hemopoietic organs’ diseases, cerebral palsy, eye and adnexa diseases, diseases of digestive system, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue is also caused by the influence of technogenic environment. We noted a statistically significant regularity of the increase of disability for C00-D48, E00-E90, H00-H59, L00-L99, M00-M99, N00-N99 and Q00-Q99 classes of diseases, especially C00-D48, E00-E90 and Q00-Q99 classes. The preventive measures were developed.

51-55

Authors: ШИДЛОВСЬКА Т.А., ШИДЛОВСЬКА Т.В., КОЗАК М.С., ОВСЯНИК К.В., СЕРБІН Г.С., ГВОЗДЕЦЬКИЙ В.А.

State of the problem. Negative role in the development of industrial noise professional hearing loss no doubt, but the mechanism of its action on the human body is very complex and not fully understood, while the vascular factor in the development of sensorineural hearing loss, many authors pay much attention. The objective was to conduct a comparative analysis of the results of research on auditory function, qualitative and quantitative indicators of rheoencephalography workers from different occupational groups in the coal industry with the sensorineural hearing loss and health of rovich normal-hearing control subjects with regard to noise load. Materials and methods: Was held rheoencephalography 50 workers. The con-trol group - 15 healthy individuals who had no complaints about the hearing loss. The study of auditory function was performed using a clinical audiometer AC-40, manufactured by "Interacoustics" (Denmark). Studies of cerebral hemodynamics was performed using computer rheograph firm "DX-system." Results. In a qualitative assessment of the patients we rheogram were found in violation of cerebral blood flow in the carotid (FM), and in vertebrobasilar (OM) systems. This was confirmed by the analysis of quantitative indicators REG workers studied groups. In all three patients studied groups when compared with the control game-registered poyu significant (P<0,05) increases in DUI, DKI and Ri, respectively characterizing the state of venous outflow, cerebral vascular tone and blood supply of the degree of intensity as in the carotid and especially in vertebrobasilar systems. Conclusion. The findings of investigation of cerebral hemodynamics show significant changes in blood vessels of the brain, especially in vertebrobasilar system. The data can also serve as diagnostic criteria for state workers of the coal industry, which can be used in the treatment of these patients, as well as physical fitness and career counseling people "noise" professions.

59-62

Authors: ТКАЧИШИНА Н.Ю., ДУМКА І.В., ТКАЧИШИН В.С.

Objective. We estimated a level of the functional state of cardiovascular system (CVS) and physical work capacity by the results of bicycle exercise (BE) in the subway electric locomotive operators (ELOs). Materials and Methods. Males, including 30 ELOs (main group) and 20 engineers (control group), were examined. According to age and work experience, the examined persons of the main group were divided into 3 subgroups: 7 persons – till 30 years old with a work experience till 5 years (23,3% – the 1-st subgroup); 17 persons – 30-40 years old with the work experience of 5-10 years (56,7% – the 2-nd subgroup); 6 persons – over 40 years old with work experience over 10 years (20,0% – the 3-rd subgroup). According to age and work experience, the examined persons of the control group were also divided into 3 subgroups: 5 persons– till 30 years old with the work experience till 5 years (25,0% – the 1-st subgroup); 10 persons – 30-40 years old with a work experience of 5-10 years (50,0% – the 2-nd subgroup); 5 person – of the examined ones, the 3-rd subgroup). Submaximal load was performed. While carrying out the BE, we fixed the values of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), values at any degree of exercise, their initial level and results of the measurements at any exercise rate. We registered a time needed for the restoration of these parameters after exercises and also assessed a tolerance to physical exercises (TPE) and physical work capacity (PWC 170). A level of energy resources in myocardium was determined with the calculation of the Robinson's index. Results and Discussion. Results of the research demonstrate that all examined ELOs (100%) had no organic diseases of the CVS according to the BE data. Taking into account the BE results of the ELOs (heart rate and BP, at rest, and at any degree of exercises and after the exercises) it is possible to tell about sympathicotonia in the ELOs. Exercise tolerance and level of physical work capacity were estimated under the PWC 170 test. The ELOs, who were younger than 30 years with a work experience till 5 years, had the highest indices in comparison with those who were 30-40 years old with the work experience of 5-10 years and who were over 40 years old with the work the experience over 10 years. It may be connected with a long-term impact of stress factor on their organism and harmful occupational conditions. The Robinson's index in the ELOs who are younger than 30 years with a work experience till 5 years testifies about their high level of somatic health. In those ELOs who are 30-40 years old with a work experience of 5-10 years it testifies about an average level of somatic health and in those who are over 40 years old with the work experience over 10 years it testifies about a level of somatic health which is lower than an average one. Conclusions. There is a vegetative imbalance with sympathicotonia predomination in the ELOs, it can be a risk for the CVS diseases in the ELOs.

67-70

Authors: РІДКОВЕЦЬ С.Г.

Objective. We explored the possibilities of the monitoring of physical health the level as a mean of the evaluation of the effectiveness of health- improvement walking and race in practically healthy girls aged 19-20 years. Materials and Methods. 70 students of medical schools at the age of 19-20 with a "low" and "below average" levels of physical health, determined preliminary by the method of rapid assessment of physical health level according to Apanasenko, were examined in Kyiv. 2 groups were formed: primary (25 girls) and control (45 girls). In the primary group the lessons on physical training was conducted with the introduction of health-improvement walking. In the control group lessons on physical training was conducted by the standard program. Classes were conducted in accordance with the schedule of the academic group twice a week for 90 minutes. At the beginning and at the end of the academic year they were tested in order to identify the differences in physical development, physical fitness, somatic health, as well as in the indicators of health, activity, and mood. Results and discussion. Systematic use of health-improvement walking may improve the reduced body reserves, creating a positive influence on the state of individual reserves of the organism of practically healthy girls. Up to end of the experimental classes, the vital index (p≤0.05 by the Student criterion) was increased authentically in the girls of the primary group indicating the positive changes of the external respiration function, increase of the specific vital lung capacity, and aerobic possibilities of the organism.

73-77

Authors: ЯВОРОВСЬКИЙ О.П., ЦЕХМІСТЕР Я.В., САХАРЧУК І.М., ЄЗІКЯН Г.М.

The formation history of the Kyiv Medical Institute was investigated on the basis of the analysis of the archives-and-documentary, scientific-and-publicistic materials. The process of its formation was lasting for more than four years and passed over six periods in its development, which were changed depending on those or other political forces came to power. We have drawn a conclusion that the Kyiv Medical Institute, founded in 1920 as a higher national medical institution, became an assignee not only of the St. Volodymyr Imperial University Medical Faculty, as it had been considered before, but also of the Medical Faculty of the Ukrainian National University.