Jurnal Medical Brasovean

3

Authors: Antonella Cheşcă

The properties of the stem cells are the subject of numerous researches and debates, as well as the starting point of numerous technologies. In the same time, the stem cells represent a major bioethics issue, through the scientific, religious, philosophic and ethic implications that their use might have on the human being and on the future of human kind. The stem cells have the ability to transform in more than one type of cells during their development. Its proliferation capacity and its ability to specialize define the stem cell as being unique. The stem cells may self-reproduce several times, having the ability to self-renew. It is important to determine the genetic status of these cells in order to maintain them, to know their differentiation potential and their conduct after the transplantation.

3

Authors: Milica Martinović , Ljubica Pejakov

Introduction: Asthma is most common chronic disease in the childhood. It is estimated that 8-10% of school age children in Podgorica have child asthma. The data about prevalence of child asthma in Montenegro are uncertain. Material and methods: The data about different aspects of child asthma in Montenegro were collected (different regions in Montenegro: 100 patien ts from sea-side and 100 patients mountain part of the country, both sexes, age 6-14) from 2004 to 2008 using qu estionnaire from Institute for Health Care of Mother and Children from Faculty of Medicine from Belgrade. Results: The most common environmental factor involved in the development of child asthma was domestic mite, without differences between two explored regions from Montenegro. Conclusion: Most of children affected by child asthma in Montenegro have allergic asthma. The most common environmental factors involved in the development of child asthma in Montenegro are house dust mite and outdoors allergens: pollen of trees and some sorts of grasses.

3

Authors: Cristina Tomşa

The germs of the genus Acinetobacter have long been regarded as opportunistic infections possibly involving lack of seriousness. In the past 20 years it increased the incidence and severity of infection caused by Acinetobacter inducing an alarm in the medical world.

4

Authors: Pleş Liana, Apostu Anca, Pleş Nicolae, Ignat Cristina

Environmental factors play an important role in human reproduction, affecting fertility, birth outcome and even having long term effects on the cognitive and social development of children exposed to pollutants. A large number of women are exposed to pollutants weather it’s in the work place or at home and that can have serious consequences on reproductive health. Environmental fact ors that have been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcome include metals like lead and mercury, air polluta nts, organic solvents, radiation, pesticides and most importantly smoking. All of these factors have been associated with an increased risk of abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, preterm delivery and congenital defects. The link between environmental factors and poor reproductive outcome is apparent but sometimes may be difficult to prove.

4

Authors: Onisâi L. Lazăr , Greavu Mihai

The antero-lateral abdominal wall is a real mosaic from its origin point of view. The muscles are developing from the mesenchyme brought by the cranial, the caudal and the two lateral folds. The nerves are derived from ectoderm. Some of these structures are devel oping quicker and they will act as inductor factors modeling the dynamics of other elements.

4

Authors: Idomir Mihaela , Gavrilă Gabriela, Nemet Codruţa, Chichernea Nicoleta,Manafu Elenis

The aim of this retrospective study has consisted in analysing the resistance to antibiotics of the germs from the Enterobacteriaceae family implicated in urinary infections. The study group has consisted in the patients hospitalized in the Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Braşov during a 2 years period (2007-2008). From the urine of these patients there were isolated 3281 Enterobacteriaceae strains. The preparation of the urine samples for the bacteriologic diagnosis has been performed in the laboratory of this medical unit, acco rding to standard methodologies. The identification was based on biochemical methods and the testing of susceptibility to antibiotics of the germs ethiologically implicated was performed using the standardized Kirby-Bauer method and the automated VITEK 2 COMPACT system. The ethiological spectrum of urinary tract infect ions was dominated by Escherichia coli species (77.7%), followed, with lower percenteges, by Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp.şi Citrobacter spp. All the isolated Enterobacteriaceae st rains have presented different levels of resistance to antibiotics, with the exception of colistine, for which the sensitivity in vitro was preserved. The sensitivity to imipenem was higher in all the analyzed bacterial genres.

5

Authors: M . Zhelyazkova-Savova, B. Galunska

Vitamin K has long been associated solely with its role in haemostasis. The last two decades brought new intriguing insights to the function of vitamin K. While the present recommendations for daily intake are based mainly on amounts required to maintain coagulation, they may not be high enough to ensure adequate functions of vitamin K not involved in blood clotting, In the present review the role of vitamin K on bone in health and disease is being discussed. Theoretical gr ounds connected with the function and diagnostic application of the vitamin K-dependent protein osteocalcin is described. Available clinical data related to the use of vitamin K in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is provided.

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Authors: Nicoleta Taus, Laurian Taus², Mirela Donea, Monica Potroviţa, Daniela Marinescu, Ligia Neica¹

A significant number of in vitro and animal st udies have demonstrated ROS activation in the cardiovascular system in response to various stressors and in the failing heart. Hypoxia / reoxygenation increases level of oxi dative species and attenuation of those species protects cardiomyocytes from induced damage.

6

Authors: Ion Moleavin ̧ Alexandru Keresztes

Health is a state of wellbeing free from all types of diseases. It is the general condition of complete physical, mental and social well being. Inte rest in health status indicators and indices has grown considerably in the past few decades. This re flects the growing awareness that health can be influenced by a multiplicity of social, environmen tal and personal factors. An additional influence has been the realization that traditional measures of health such as mortality and morbidity data do not always provide appropriate forms of information for advanced societies. This article presents the main procedure of measuring and evaluation of the health state after it was defined.

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Authors: Borzea Daniela , Liliana Rogozea, Roxana Miclăuş , Moleavin Ion

Covasna resort and baths has the capacity to proceed a large number of balnear procedures and climatic therapy applied to many patients, especially suffering of cardiovascular diseases. The retrospective study developed between January – August 2009 in Balnear Policlinic in Covasna, Hefaistos Hotel, showed that the main indication of treatment is cardio-vascu lar pathology (mostly high blood pressure) as well as the associated pathology of beneficiary of balnear treatment (classified by frequency in loco-motor pathology 66%, metabolic 32%, neurological and psychiatric 12%, respiratory 6%, digestive 5%, etc). Also, the study revealed that the majority of patients treated with balnear methods are 60 to 70 years old. The main prescription for cardio-vascular patients in Covasna resort and baths is represented by carbonic baths (with CO2) 96% and mofettes 86%, possible to be applied stri ctly in perfect natural environment, extremely well preserved, exploited and pretected.

3

Authors: Bianca Popovici

Essential hypertension, one of the most frequent di seases all over the world, in adulthood, became important concern also in children and adolescents. Blood pressure values in childhood are predictive for blood pressure values as adult and also for future car diovascular disease. Although, the mechanisms are not very well known, we know quite well the risk factor s which are involved in essential hypertension and we also know that prevention is more efficient than treatment.

3

Authors: Laz ă r L. Onisâi

The importance of the kidney within the organism is given by the fact that it is the most richly vascularised organ; the renal arteries are the biggest br anches of the aorta as compared to the volume of the organ it irrigates. Researchers come up against problems related to the constitution of the kidney every time they try to interpret the variations of the renal structures and esp ecially of its vessels, the latter representing the most important structure and the mostly studied ever since the earliest times. The present paper aims to present the macroscopic an atomic aspect of the terminal branches of the renal artery.

3

Authors: Anca-Laura Gabor

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, accounting for approximately one third of hospitalizations for cardi ac rhythm disturbances. AF is highly prevalent and growing. AF is associated with an increased long-term risk of stroke, heart failure, and all-cause mortality. Management of patients with AF involves 3 objectives: rate control, prevention of thromboembolism, and correction of the rhythm disturbance. The new paradi gm include rate and rhythm control, mostly normal sinus rhythm if it’s possible a nd appropriate anticoagulation accord ing to the risk of bleeding.

4

Authors: Claudia Gavriş , Mariana Rădoi , Emanuil Gheorghiţă, Maria Anghel ,Roxana Bârsăşteanu , Petru Gorgon, Liliana Duca, G. Pamfil., G.I. Pandele

The present paper describes a flow cytometric method for assay of platelet activation and provides information important in identifying and differentia ting thrombogenic states in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (SAFP). Objectives:to evaluate the significance of platelet ac tivation markers for the evolution with venous and arterial recurrent thrombosis in patients (pts). with SAFP. Methods: 14 pts. with SAFP diagnosed according to revised Sapporo classification for APS criteria, mean age .47.87(18-74) years,7 women and 7men, were followed 24 month for the evolution with recurrent thrombosis. The expression of platelet activation markers CD62P (Pselectin) and CD40L were assesed using standardised flow cytometric method (Becton Dickins on) at baseline and after 12 months. Statistics: The results are shown as mean ± SD. Paired t tests were used for statistical comparisons. Results: No significant correlation was observed between expression of platelet activation markers CD62P (Pselectin) and CD40L in patients with histor y of recurrent thrombosis and SAFP patients without recurrent thrombosis. One single patient from six pts. had a acute trombotic event during follow-up expressed markers of platelet activation. Conclusions: Platelet activation markers in flow-citometry did not correlated with reccurent thrombosis and acute thrombosis in pts. with SAFP.

4

Authors: Milena Adina Man, Dana Alexandrescu

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains the most common of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and portends a poor prognosis. The number of deaths related to IPF is nearly 14 times greater than those from asbestosis. The disease course in IPF is variable, with many patients remaining stable for long periods of time while a significant proportion expe rience exacerbations leading to respiratory failure and death. Traditional IPF pharmacotherapy has emphasized immunosuppression, but corticotherapy can have severe side effects.

5

Authors: Lia Ildiko Coman, Janos Szederjesi, Leonard Azamfirei

The bispectral index measures the electric activity of the brain and provides information about the depth of the hypnosis and is useful for the prevention of the intra-anaesthetic awakening. Although it was at first enthusiastically received, in the last years this type of monitoring is seen as quite controversial due to discrepancies of the data regarding the sensitivity of the method. The study analyses the limits and deficiencies of this type of intra-anaesthetic monitoring.

5

Authors: V. Tzaneva¹ , dr. H. Kolev, dr. G. Arabadjiev, D.L.Dumitrascu

The purpose of the study was to determine the anxiet y levels in relatives of the affected with swine flu patients, the hospital staff and the students during the flu epidemy. Method: The anxiety was measured by the State-Tr ait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire in 38 medical students, 31 relatives and 34 nurses and physic ians for the period November – December 2009. RESULTS: It was determined that a higher level of a nxiety was related with the negative information from media. Conclusion: High level of anxiety is understandable due to the inv asive information. Anxiety after the compaign, suggests the need for support with positive media examples throughout the epidemy.

5

Authors: Ileana Muntean , Lucian Boja

This review describes the case of a 73 years old woman, diagnosed with a tumor located in the orbit, lacrimal gland foseta, intracranial invasive, suggestively looking for adenoid cystic carcinoma of lacrimal gland, in which pathoanatomy examination of the operators piece diagnosed was craniopharyngioma.

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Authors: Marius Irimie, Alexandru Oanţă, Alexandru Tătaru

High prevalence, but also the constant increasing in cidence of dermatophytic infections of the skin and its appendages in whole the world, induced a continuous interest in studying the ethyology, the development of new diagnostic methods and the improvement of their therapy. The risk of dermatophytosis is determined both by pathogenic properties of fungal strains and host characteristics: age, dietary habits, social conditions, inherited and ac quired immunological deficiencies (A IDS, tumors, diabetes and other endocrinopathies). The relationship between diabetes and dermatophyte infections is controversial: some authors sustain and others negate a correlation between the prevalence of these infections and blood levels of glucose. A correlation was found between frequency of dermatophytosis and levels of glycosylated haemoglobin only in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes are the most common pathogens responsible for more than 90% of infections. Therapeutic regimens for dermatophytosis in patients with diabetes are similar to those for nondiabetic patients. Treatment options include oral antifungal agents, topical therapy and combination therapy. Oral antifungal agents are effective therapy but have been associated with systematic adverse events and drug interactions. The use of these agents may be limited due to abnormal laboratory parameters and concomitant interacting drug therapy in the diabetic population especially in those patients with significant multiple comorbidities.

3

Authors: Daniela Diaconescu, Radu-Sorin Diaconescu, Andreea Drilea-Marga, Sebastian Toma

Fragile sites (FSs) are heritable gaps and breaks in chromosomes generated in vivo or by specific culture conditions. They are classified as rare or common depending on their frequency within the population. For the human genome th ere are 31 rare FSs and 88 common FSs identified. Several rare or common FSs have been molecularly characterized , but few have been studied extensively. The aim or this study was to summarize the most important and extensive studied FSs and their relation to human pathology.

3

Authors: Roxana Sculeanu , Rareş Sculeanu

The medical and social problems encountered by the patients with chronic wounds represent the starting point for this paper. We want to highlight the importance of a dedicated medical centre which must have three major objectives: to coordinate the patients fo r investigations and etiological treatment, to actually treat the wounds, and to maintain the treatment resu lts. Competent evaluation of the wound and an exact etiological diagnosis are the main conditions for a successful therapy.

4

Authors: Ligia Neica, Costin Leonard Bold

Through histochemical and histoenzimological methods it has been studied the activity of dihydrofolate reductase and folic acid in the small intes tine wall with all its component tunics but there were differences on the analysis depending on the type of cells and the intestinal segment.

4

Authors: Bianca Popovici

Hypertension, obesity, high levels of cholestero l and triglycerides, low level of high density lipoproteins, impairment tolerance of glucoses became im portant issues of health all over the world and great risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Children are no longer “protected” from this pathology, age related barrier has been passed in last de cades and now, we are speaking about metabolic syndrome and essential hypertension in paediatrics. Moreover, at this age the atherosclerotic changes in arteries are already present and there is only “one step to the adult cardiovascular disease”.

5

Authors: Daniela Diaconescu, Radu-Sorin Diaconescu, Sebastian Toma

Perineural invasion is the major mechanism of pros tate cancer spread outside the prostate. The study group consisted of 170 cases of prostate carcinomas. In regard to the prognostic value, perineural invasion was compared with clinical tumour stage and with hist ologic grading according to Gleason score. In this study perineural invasion was significantly associat ed with this parameters. Perineural invasion may therefore suggest a poor prognosis fo r patients with prostate carcinoma.

5

Authors: Oana Andreescu

The heart is one of the most involved organs im plicated in thyroid disease. The cardiovascular involvement regarding thyrotoxicosis is raising the death rate of these patients. Starting from this data we accomplished a retrosp ective study on 55 patients interned during 2007 year on the District Clinical Emergency Hospital of Brasov, Romania, where we followed the frequency of thyrotoxicosis medical cases and the frequency of car diothyreosis appearance, the type and the rhythm disorders incidences, as well as their association with other cardiovascular risk factors.

5

Authors: Alina Dobroş ,Marius Irimie

The emergence of AIDS has changed the natural hi story of tuberculosis which has now become the second most common infection associated to human immu nodeficiency virus infection. We present the case of a 34-year-old male patient that was diagnosed with tuberculous orchiepididymitis as clinical onset of HIV infection. The patient was admitted in hospital with fever, right scrotal enlargement, abdominal pain referred to right lumbar area and right thigh. Laboratory ex aminations showed an inflammatory syndrome, negative serology for syphilis but positive serology for HIV. Urine examination was normal. Chest X-ray, plain ab- dominal radiography, renal ultrasonography were all no rmal. The inefficiency of initial treatment with gen- tamicin and ciprofloxacin led to practice the right orch iectomy. Histopatological examination revealed the tuberculous aetiology and antituberculous therapy was st arted. The course was favourable but the life prog- nosis is determined by the infection with HIV.

6

Authors: Augustin Ierima , Alexandru G. Dimitriu

This study intends to highlight the main aspects regarding the diagnosis of mediastinal compression syndrome in children with Hodgkin’s disease(HD) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The study group included 50 children aged between 4 and 17, diagnosed with HD or NHL during a five year period. Mediastinal tumors (MT) were present in lymp hoblastic T cells NHL. In patients with HD, the mixed cellularity subtype was the most frequent (6 0%). Presenting symptoms were: enlargement of one lymph nodes group, unilaterally (30%), enlargement of the mediastinum (58%), weight loss (68%), lymphadenopathy (63%), and dyspnoea (40%). The study showed a higher percentage of mediastina l compression in NHL patients and in males. In HD patients, mediastinal compression was more frequent in mixed-cellularity and lymphocyte-rich subtypes. Remission was rare and hard to achieve in patients with MD that had a rapid and extremely severe evolution, unresponsive to treatment in 34% of the patients

7

Authors: Mariana Rădoi , Codruţ Ciurea

The ischemic mitral regurgitation, conditioned by the ventricular remodelling after an acute myocardial infarction worsens the ventricular dysfunction which, contributes to the appearance of heart failure and associates a severe prognostic. Surgical treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation is integrated into the treatment of coronary diseases and includes myocardial revascularization and/or mitral valve reconstruction.

9

Authors: Lorena Dima

After more than half century since the introduction of first antipsychotic drug, and despite extensive research on the field, aspects such as efficacy (especially on negative and cognitive symptoms) in schizophrenia, social integration of schizophrenic patients, or relapse rate after current available treatments are far from having idealistic values. The present paper aims to summarize the available data on the main lines of research for developing future therapies in schizophrenia, from modulation of neurotransmitter systems involved in pathogeny or physiopathology of psychosis (dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotoninergic, cholinergic, adrenergic, and others system s, more recently involved), to neurotrophic factors.