Russian Journal of Biological Research

69-79

Authors: Rina Rani Ray, Debpali Sur

Release of hexavalent chromium in environment is usually the outcome of anthropogenic activities. Apart from its carcinogenicity, hexavalent chromium also contributes damage to the gastrointestinal, respiratory, reproductive and immunological systems. Hence removal of this toxic metal is very essential for the safety of both humans and animals. Microbial bioreduction of Cr (VI) to less toxic Cr (III) has proved to be an ecological and economical option for chromate detoxification. In this paper, we report the conversion of hexavalent chromium by the chromium reducing fungal strain of Trichoderma pseudokoningii, isolated from tannery effluent enriched soil near Kolkata. The study reveals that the isolated strain could grow well at a concentration of 1000 mg/L chromium, but spore formation became scanty as the concentration increased. Removal of hexavalent chromium was found to be accomplished through bio reduction rather than biosorption or bioaccumulation since no membrane bound and intracellular fraction bound Cr (VI) could be traced. Extra cellular chromium reduction was found to be highest when the culture medium (pH = 7) was supplemented with 0.5 % (w/v) pure dextrose and 0.09 % peptone as sole carbon and nitrogen source respectively. Reduction of potassium dichromate Cr (VI) at a concentration of 220 mg/L was highest after 144 hours of inoculation, i.e. at the stationary phase of growth of the strain. The reduction rate was enhanced in presence of cystine and DTT which might be due to the increased rate of activity of chromium reductase enzyme having thiol groups at its active site. Addition of acid treated human hair and feather in the culture medium boosted the power of chromate reduction by the strain. The gradual chromate reduction by the strain in soil kept in near natural conditions was confirmed by the data of atomic absorption spectroscopy which indicated the prospective role of the strain in successful bioremediation.

19-24

Authors: Olena V. Medzianovska

The study was designed to estimate the levels of spontaneous and induced chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and their healthy peers. An increased spontaneous level of chromosomal aberrations has been found in children and adolescents with JRA in comparison with healthy age-mates. It has been established that the effect of the mitomycin C model mutagen on the PBL in vitro causes a multiple increase in the levels of chromosomal aberrations in both groups under investigation.

205-221

Authors: Oleg Mosin, Ignat Ignatov

Halophiles (lat. “salt-loving”) is the taxonomic group of extreme aerobic obligate Gram-negative microorganisms that live in conditions of high salinity – in the seas, salt lakes, saline soils etc. These microorganisms are known to reddish patina on products, preserved with using large quantities of salt (NaCl). Halophiles were isolated for the first time at the beginning of the XX century from the marine flora estuary mud, but their systematic study was started only at the end of the second decade of the XX century. The internal environment of the human body is not suitable for existence of halobacteria, since none of them are known to have pathogenic forms. Halobacteria have great practical potential for using in molecular bioelectronics and bio-nanotechnology due to their unique ability to convert the energy of sunlight into electrochemical energy of protons H+ due to the presence in their cells a special photo transforming retinal containing integral protein – bacteriorhodopsin, the mechanism of action of which has been currently studied in detail. The paper describes the characteristics of the metabolism and physiology of halophilic bacteria, as well as a method of biosynthesis and preparation of bacteriorhodopsin from purple membranes of cells of the extreme photoorganotrophic halobacterium Halobacterium halobium.

227-240

Authors: Alexander S. Semenov, Vladimir V. Bulat

The work considers the problems of genetics, archeology, and anthropology connected with problem of localization of R1a* Y-DNA haplotype bearers in Meso- and Neolithic Pre-Corded Ware archaeologic sites. Based on the analysis of findings of 2014-2015 years (described in other works) this paper proposes a hypothesis that the areas of Comb Ware cultures of Eastern Europe could be the possible area of archaic Y-DNA R1a1 subclades spread. The ancient R1a1 Y-haplotype (M198-, M459+) bearers could be possibly accompanied with those with J2b Y-DNA haplotype. As for pre-Mesolitic time, the situation remains unclear as more Eastern and more Southern localizations of R1a* and R1a1* bearers are possible according to modern data.

124-142

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin, Borislav Velikov, Enrico Bauer, Georg Tyminski

The article outlines the data on longevity factors and mountain water in factorial research of phenomenon of longevity in mountainous and field areas of Bulgaria. It was established the dependence among various internal and external factors on a phenomenon of longevity – the residence area, health status, gender and heredity. Natural waters derived from various Bulgarian water springs as well as water with varying deuterium content and the human blood serum of cancer patients were investigated by IR, NES and DNES methods. As estimation factor was measured the values of the average energy of hydrogen bonds (∆EH...O) among H2O molecules, as well as local maxima in the IR, and DNES-spectra of various samples of water and human blood serum at ∆EH...O = -0,1387 eV (the DNES-method) and λ = 8,95 μm (the IR-method). The increased content of deuterium in water leads to physiological, morphological and cytology alterations of the cell, and also renders negative influence on cellular metabolism, while deuterium depleted water with the reduced deuterium content until the deep removal of deuterium (60–100 ppm) has beneficial effects on human health. For a group of people in critical condition of life and patients with malignant tumors the greatest values of local maxima in DNES-spectra are shifted to lower energies relative to the control group.

173-194

Authors: Alexander S. Semenov, Vladimir V. Bulat

Our new work considers the problems of paleogenetics, archeology and antropology connected with origins of Corded Ware culture and early migration of Y-DNA R1 carriers. This work considers the Second Corded Ware Center on the Far East and Yakutia and its connection with the Eastern European one. Authors examine the hypothesis that the two Corded Ware cultures have the common source.

68-80

Authors: Mohammad Mohammadpour, Marzieh Negahban, Sajedeh Saeedfar, Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Hamideh Javadi

The experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized completely block design with three replications. The main pots were kept under irrigation (at 20%, 40% and 70% of field capacity along with a well watered control). The sub-pots contained three Achillea vermicularis populations (Kahak, Khalkhal and Semnan). The results showed that drought stress had significant effects on photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble sugar contents and peroxidase activity, but drought induction. Moreover, population variations had a significant effect on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and peroxidase activity. Among all the measured samples, the Khalkhal population had the highest content of photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars and peroxidase activity. However, the Kahak population had the lowest value of the mentioned traits instead of the latter trait. Meanwhile, the severe drought stress produced the highest peroxidase activity, carotenoid, proline, protein, soluble sugar contents. By contrast, the lowest values of the mentioned traits were achieved in well-water treatment. The highest chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents were observed in 70% FC, while the lowest were recorded in 20% FC. The Khalkhal population × severe drought stress produced the highest carotenoid, soluble sugar content and peroxidase activity, and also, Khalkhal population × moderate drought stress recorded the highest contents of phosynthetic pigments. Therefore, the Khalkhal population could be introduced as suitable Achillea vermicularis population in Iran.

85-98

Authors: Alexander S. Semenov, Vladimir V. Bulat

This work considers the problems of paleogenetics, archeology and antropology connected with mesolithic site Yuzhniy Oleni Ostrov and early migration of Y-DNA R carriers. Some hypotheses of the repopulation of the North Eurasia after the glacial age are considered, especially those connected with the ancient populations of the Onega lake shores. The hypotheses are matched and compared with the new paleogenetic data. New accents on existing hypotheses are formulated. The main peculiarities of the paper are taking into account of the hypothesis of A. Romanchuk of the Eastern Eurasian origins of Sino-Caucasian language family and the interpretation of ancient Y-DNA R1a1* presence in the Yuzhniy Oleni Ostrov site. The possibility of sino-caucasian/enissean language attribution of prehistoric languages of the North Eurasia and the Central Asia region is also discussed.

107-112

Authors: Asker U. Taichibekov, Zhaksybai S. Tuleubaev, Bakhyt S. Tol'taeva, Zhansaya S. Dyusenbaeva, Ainash A. Muratalieva

The results showed, the increasing ratio of radiant energy only at the expense of the aftereffect of organo-mineral fertilizers amounted of 0.21 and 0.33 %, which is allowed to accumulate the accumulation of dry biomass of soybeans for the period of two rotations of the sugar beet crop rotation, respectively, and 19.1 11.8 t/ha, respectively, 25.6 43.7 % more than in control. Thus, the greatest absorption of PAR by soybean plants (1,08 %) with assimilation surface of the leaves 44.0 thousand m2/ha, the photosynthetic capacity 2,640 million m2/day/ha of working productively at 2.44 g/ m2/day is marked on the variation, the organo-mineral fertilizers (background + straw 4 t/ha + manure 60 t/ha) in the second crop rotation, which allowed to establish the yield of dry biomass of 63.1 kg/ha.