Journal of Exercise Science & Physiotherapy

83-88

Authors: Singh, Baljinder; Kumar, Ashok; & Ranga M. D.

The present study was conducted on eighteen male Handball players (age: 15.83 ± 0.62 years) comprising of players training under the guidance of Punjab State coaches in Patiala (India). The main objective of the study was to find the status of mechanical power variables of leg extensor muscles in male handball players and to find the relationship between them. The experimental protocol developed by Bosco et al (1983), Mcguigan et al (2006) were used to measure the mechanical power variables of leg extensor muscles in male handball players. For the purpose of statistical analysis of the data, Karl Pearson‘s coefficient of correlation was calculated with the help of SPSS version 9.0. The results of this study indicate that there was a highly significant correlation exists between the squat jump flight time, squat jump height, countermovement jump height, countermovement flight time, Eccentric Utilization Ratio (EUR), Elasticity Index (EI) and peak power (0-15sec), peak power (45-60sec) and Mean Power (0-60sec). Key words: Mechanical Power, Vertical jump test, Leg Extensor Muscles, Muscular Power.

97-104

Authors: Gaurav, S.,; Pooja, A.; Shishir, N.; Tanvi, A.

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether conventional (wobble board) proprioceptive training or multi-station proprioceptive training is an effective way to improve vertical jump performance. The research study included 30 basketball players divided into the two groups, Group A (n = 15) and Group B (n = 15). The group A underwent the wobble board proprioceptive training program lasting for four weeks. The group B was administered the multi-station proprioceptive training program lasting for four weeks. Both the training programs consisted of one-leg and double-leg static and dynamic balance drills. The demands and duration of those exercises increased progressively. The vertical jump height was estimated by Sergeant Jump Test at the beginning, after second week and at the end of the experiment. The results of this study indicate that Multi-station training showed greater improvements as compared to the conventional balance training and the results were significant at p<0.01. Multi-station training consisted of gradually progressive activities on exercise mats, wobble boards, mini trampoline, thera – band and walking on uneven surface while the conventional training consisted of training on wobble boards. KEY WORDS: Proprioceptive Training, Multi-Station Proprioceptive Training, Wobble Boards, Thera – Band

113-118

Authors: Goyal, M.; Kumar, Ashok; Moitra, M.; & Pathania4, A.

The purpose of the study was to observe the effect of back extension exercise on quality of life and back extensor strength of women with osteoporosis. A sample of 30 subjects in the age group of 45 to 60 years were assessed and selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. After obtaining their consents, the subjects were randomly allocated in the Experimental Group-A and the Control Group-B. Group A was given moist heat pack and back strengthening exercise and Group B was given hot pack and isometric exercise 1 set (10 repetitions) a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The independent variables were back extension exercise and isometric exercise. The dependent variables were quality of life and back extensor strength. It is concluded that both the back extension exercise and back isometric exercise are effective in increasing back extensor strength and improving quality of life; however results suggest that back extension exercise is more effective than back isometric exercise in increasing back extensor strength and improving quality of life in post menopausal osteoporotic female patients. Key words: Osteoporosis, Strength, Oswestry Disability Index.

125-128

Authors: Kumar, Ashok; and Vishal

Aim: To compare sports-related visual abilities - hand-eye response time and visuospatial intelligence of athletes to nonathletes. Materials & Methods: Differences in sports-related visual abilities such as hand-eye response time and visuospatial intelligence between athletes and nonathletes were studied in 30 boys (age-14.9±1.8 years) and 30 girls (age-14.3±1.6 years) school students. Visuospatial intelligence was assessed with Cattel‘s Culture Fair Intelligence Test. A random stimulus presentation and response recording was used for eye-hand response time with the help of audio-visual response time equipment. Results: Athletes had statistically significantly (p<0.001) lower eye-hand visual response time (i.e. the faster) and higher visuospatial intelligence compared to nonathletes. There were no statistical significant sex differences. A negative correlation was observed between the number of years of doing sports and eye-hand visual response time (r=-0.78, p<0.001) and a positive correlation with visuospatial intelligence (r=0.69, p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study support the view that participation in different sport activities is beneficial to both eye-hand response time and visuospatial intelligence. Keeping in view the results of the present study, we can recommend more sport activities for higher academic achievement in primary, middle, high and senior secondary school students. Key Words: Response time, Visuospatial Intelligence, Athletes

135-139

Authors: Jagga, V.; Verma, S.K.; and Lehri3, A.

Thirty healthy male volunteers who are labourer by occupation were included in the study after their informed written consent to participate. All the participants were examined to exclude any history of orthopedic, systemic or neuromuscular disorder by relevant history taking with psychological, musculoskeletal and neurological examination. Subjects were excluded if any one of them is not fit to the inclusion criteria. A NEUROPERFECT 2000 mechine was used to check nerve conduction properties of the subjects. The study was conducted to know the nerve conduction properties of median nerve in healthy male labourer for dominant and non dominant hand. The nerve conduction properties studied for motor and sensory nerve were latency, amplitude and nerve conduction velocity of median nerve for dominant and non dominant hand of the subjects. The site of stimulation for motor median was the wrist; elbow and axial and recording site were motor point of Abductor Pollicis Brevis. The results indicate that there is no statistical significant difference in median motor nerve conduction properties as well as in median sensory nerve conduction properties of dominant and nondominant hand of labourer sample. Furthermore the MNCV and SDL of median nerve for dominant hand are lower than the reffered healthy subjects reported in earlier studies it may be due to the working requirement of handloom industry (i.e. repetitive movement) and SNAP amplitude is lower only than that reported by Shehab as he measured it from negative peak to subsequent positive peak which was different than our procedure. Key words: Labourers, Median Nerve, Motor, Sensory, Amplitude, Latency

146-149

Authors: Verma, Leena

Orofacial trauma is common in atheletic children and is a serious orodental and general health problem that may have medical, esthetic and psychological consequences for children and their parents. When the root of the primary tooth is close to the unerupted permanent tooth, primary tooth trauma may result in developmental disturbances in the permanent tooth. In the present study a case report of an unusual case in which injury to the primary dentition resulted in developmental disturbances in the crown and the non eruption of the permanent tooth is presented. Localized malformation of the crown of the permanent maxillary right central incisor and enamel hypoplasia were treated with a light-cured composite resin restoration. The unerupted permanent left central incisor was removed surgically. The study also discusses the management after extraction with removable partial denture. Keywords: Orofacial trauma Maxillary Enamel Hypoplasia

6-10

Authors: Jaywant, P.J.

Dance aerobics is a popular means of exercise in the urban population. This study evaluates effect of Dance Aerobics on cardiovascular endurance and body fat percentage in middle aged women. To ensure uniformity in the findings, Cooper Protocol, a standardised protocol for dance aerobics was followed, ensuring optimal exercise intensity and minimal musculotendinous damage. 120 middle aged women divided in two groups were examined for VO2max and body fat percentage .Group I comprised 60 women engaged in regular aerobic dance sessions, since 6 months. Group II did not engage in any exertional physical activity. Unpaired t test was used. p= 0.001 considered significant. Aerobic dancers exhibited i) no significant difference in VO2max (p=0.00201) ii) lower fat percentage (p= 0.01462), indicating aerobics is highly effective in weightloss, but effects on cardiovascular endurance are not pronounced. Increasing intensity of existing protocol to achieve increased VO2max may hasten musculotendinous damage. This should be considered before an individual selects aerobic dancing as fitness activity. Keywords: Cooper Protocol, VO2max, Callipers

17-22

Authors: Goyal, M.; Kumar, Ashok; Monga, M.; and Moitra, M.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of manipulation of wrist technique and Cyriax physiotherapy training in reducing pain and improving grip strength in lateral epicondylitis. A total of 30 patients (male =16; female=14) were selected as subjects and they were further divided into 2 groups. Each group comprising of 15 subjects (male=8; female=7). Results of this study suggest that there was an improvement in the mean values of Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Grip Strength after treatment in both groups. But the improvement was statistically more significant in wrist manipulation group than the Cyriax physiotherapy training receiving group. It was concluded that the patients of lateral epicondylitis procured more substantial benefits from wrist manipulation as compared to Cyriax physiotherapy after three weeks. Keywords: Lateral Epicondylitis, Manipulation, Cyriax, Strength, Pain

31-33

Authors: Mazumder, S.; & Ghosh, S.S.

The present study was conducted for the comparison on imagery and self-esteem of various levels of footballers. Twenty five district level footballers (N1=25) and twenty five state levels footballers (N2=25) of West Bengal were taken as the subjects for the present study. Thus total no of subjects were (N=50) fifty only. The age group of the subjects ware ranged from 15 to 19 years. Imagery and Self-Esteem were the variables for the present study. Imagery was measured by the Sports Imagery Questionnaire (Cumming, 2002) and Self-Esteem was measured by the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (1965). Mean and standard deviation of each variable were calculated. The means of respective variables between two games were compared by using t-test. Statistical significance was tested at 0.05 level of confidence. The results of the present study showed that there was statistically significant difference in the mean value of imagery and self-esteem between the district and state level footballers. Keywords: Imagery, Self-esteem, Sports Imagery Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-esteem (RSE) scale.

40-45

Authors: Doley , M,; Warikoo, D.; & Arunmozhi, R.

Study Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of Positional Release Therapy & Deep Transverse Friction Massage On Gluteus Medius Trigger Point. Methods: 30 subjects were randomly recruited from various hospitals and community center in Dehradun and Guwahati based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into two Groups (PRT (Group A) & DTFM (Group B). Outcome Measure: Pressure pain threshold. Results: Both Groups A and B shown significant improvement in pressure pain threshold when comparison is made within the group. However Group B shown significant improvement in pressure pain threshold (p= 0.001) post intervention between the group. Conclusion: Deep transverse friction massage is better choice of treatment in improving pain threshold in subjects with gluteus medius trigger point. Key Words: Myofascial Trigger Point, Myofascial Pain Syndrome, Strain Counter Strain, Pressure Pain Threshold.

51-56

Authors: Khan, M.; Quddus, N.; Chawla C,; Anwer, S,

Objective: To compare the stretching induced strength changes between the proximal and distal groups of muscles. Methods: Twenty-eight recreationally active male individuals participated in this study. They were assigned into Group A for proximal muscle (hamstring) and group B for distal muscle (calf) with 14 subjects in each group. This study is an experimental trial of self-stretching for 2 minutes (SS2). This stretch duration involved a 30 second stretch and a 20 second relaxation period, intermittently. Maximum Isometric Voluntary Contraction Force (MIVCF) was measured in both groups before (pretest) and immediately after (posttest) stretching. Change in pre-stretching and immediately post-stretching MIVCF was compared between the two groups. Results: Maximum Isometric Voluntary Contraction Force increased with SS2 in the hamstring by 1.31% and in calf muscle, it increased by 2.92%. However, these changes were statistically insignificant between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Shorter stretching (2 minute) increases maximum isometric voluntary contraction force in both muscles but relatively more in the calf. Key Words: Stretching induced, strength, MIVCF, strain gauge

69-73

Authors: Verma, Leena

Orofacial trauma is a serious orodental and general health problem that may have medical, esthetic and psychological consequences for children and their parents. When the root of the primary tooth is close to the unerupted permanent tooth, primary tooth trauma may result in developmental disturbances and pulpal reaction in that permanent tooth. We report an unusual case of an 8 year old girl who met with trauma at 15 months of age in which injury to the primary dentition resulted in developmental disturbances in the crown of the permanent tooth and fusion between permanent and deciduous tooth. Localized malformation of the crown and enamel hypoplasia was treated with a light-cured composite resin restoration. The treatment of fused permanent and deciduous incisor is also discussed.

63-66

Authors: Kumar, Ashok; Soodan, J.S.; Kumar, Rajesh;. & Kaur, L.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of training type (anaerobic) on Hoffmann reflex (H- reflex) response parameters in sprinters & non-athletes. For this purpose, 10 male Sprinters (Group 1) and 10 male non-athletes (Group 2) were involved in this study in which the amplitude and latency values of H- reflex were measured with the help of an equipment called “Neuroperfect” (Medicaid Systems, India). Statistical analysis was performed by using statistical software „SPSS,‟ means ± SD and student‟s t test was used. The mean age and body height of group 1 & 2 were 23.93 ± 2.65 years & 173.12±6.40 cm and 24.28 ± 2.45 years & 168.80±3.25 cm respectively. The H-reflex amplitude and latency values found in groups 1 & 2 were 3.13±0.22 mV & 22.77±2.82 ms and 6.19±0.44 mV & 26.79±1.85 ms respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to latencies of H- reflex. In the test group (sprinters), the amplitude of the H-reflex was significantly smaller than the non-athlete group (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that training of skeletal muscles affect the H- reflex response parameters. Key words: Sprinters, H- reflex, Amplitude, Latency, Training

74-81

Authors: Kaur, H.; Narkeesh, A.

Proprioception is the awareness of the body position, orientation, movement and sensation of force. It is a sense which indicates whether the body is moving with required effort and as well as where the different parts of the body are located in relation to each other. Proprioception testing involves a combination of testing methods like kinaesthesia, joint position sense and sense of force testing. There are different scales available for assessing proprioception like Fugl-Meyer assessment sensory sub scale, Nottingham sensory assessment scale and Integrated Proprioception Screening Scale (IPSS). The proposed study was done on the subjects with age more than 60 yrs and tester, retester and inter-tester reliability and validity was measured. This study also checked the sensitivity of IPSS in Parkinson‟s disease patients. Key words: Proprioception, Integrated Scale, Reliability, Validity, Sensitivity, Parkinson’s disease

87-92

Authors: Kumar, Ashok; Reena; & Kumar, Rajesh.

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of different workloads (i.e. volume patterns-3 RM, 6 RM, 9 RM) of power clean on blood lactate production in female weight lifters. A total of six weight lifters with mean age, height, weight and BMI of 20.50 ±2.88 years, 161± 6.55 cm,70±7.45Kg and 26.81±1.78 respectively volunteered to participate in this study. Each subject‟s blood lactate was measured at rest and after 3RM, 6RM & 9RM with the help of a digital portable lactate analyzer (Lactate Scout) and the data were analyzed using Mean ±SD, ANOVA and Scheffe. It was found that the maximum mean of relative absolute and percent increase value of blood lactate was 8.71±2.38 mmol and 370.06±109.38 % (3RM) followed by 7.45±2.02 mmol & 349.81±112.09 % (6RM) and 5.33±1.96 mmol & 33.31±81.32% (9RM).The difference in blood lactate at rest and after the execution of different work load pattern was statistical significantly (p < .05). It was concluded that the blood lactate response depends upon the maximum absolute load lifted by the weight lifters as compared to the volume of load lifted. In other words, we can say that in this study it was observed that blood lactate response was largely dependent on percentage of 1RM. Key words: Lactate, Power Clean, 1RM, Olympic Style

105-108

Authors: Saha, G.C.; & Haldar, S.

The purpose of the study was to compare the Health related physical fitness variables and psychomotor ability between rural and urban school going children. One thousand students age ranging from 17 to 30 years were selected as subjects for the study of which five hundred were Tribal and the remaining five hundred were Non-tribal School going from different schools of North 24 Parganas District, West Bengal. The subjects were tested in their respective school ground for continuously five days. The criterion measures included under Health related physical fitness directly related to improvement of health are 1) Sit and Reach test to measure lower back flexibility and was, 2) Body Fat Monitor, an electronic device manufactured by Omron model no. HBF 306 to measure Body fat percentage, 3) Aerobic /cardiovascular function was measured by the 1.5 mile run test, 4) Abdominal muscular strength and endurance was used measured by Partial Curl Ups and 5) Upper body muscular strength and endurance was measured by Right Angle Push-Ups.To measure the Psychomotor ability, reaction ability was considered and was measured by Nelson Hand Reaction Test. For the purpose of Comparison of Health related physical fitness variables and Psychomotor ability between Rural And Urban School going children, Student‟s „t‟ ratio statistical technique was used (SPSS Version 18) to analyse the data. The level of significance was set at p<0.05 level. The results showed significant differences between Rural and Urban school going children in all the Health related Physical fitness components as well as in Reaction ability under psychomotor ability and rural school going children was found better than urban school going children. Key words: Health related physical fitness, reaction ability, Rural, Urban

113-118

Authors: Kaur, N.; and Sidhu, S.

The present study was conducted to observe the prevalence of obesity and hypertension in newly diagnosed diabetic patients of Amritsar (Punjab), attending diabetic clinics. A total sample of 300 newly diagnosed diabetic patients including 162 males and 138 females were studied to acess the prevalence of obesity and hypertension. The prevalence of obesity in diabetic males and females was 58.02% and 73.91% according to BMI, 88.27% and 91.3% according to WC, while 98.14% and 96.3% according to WHR and 85.18% and 90.59% according to WSR, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was 88.2 % and 84.7% in diabetic males and females, respectively. From the result, it was observed that the percentage prevalence of obesity and hypertension was quite high in diabetic patients of Amritsar. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher than general obesity. The percentage prevalence of obesity in diabetic females was higher than diabetic males while the diabetic males were more hypertensive than diabetic females. To manage the profile of the diabetic patients, proper awareness and prevention and management of obesity and hypertension is essential. Keywords: Obesity, Diabetes, Hypertension, Amritsar, T2DM patients.

123-127

Authors: Kumar, Ashok; Manisha; & Kumar, Rajesh.

Woman boxers of national and interuniversity level participation of Punjabi University Patiala volunteered to participate in this study and their age ranged 18 to 23 years. The standard procedure was used to observe VO2max and haemodynamic variables. The mean age, height, weight and BMI of woman boxers were 20.18±1.66 years, 162.04±5.45 cms. 60.18±10.21 Kg and 23.25±3.31 respectively. The resting VO2 max, Heart Rate, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Pulse Pressure, Mean Arterial Pressure, Rate Pressure Product, Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output was 44.45±3.26 ml.kg-1.min-1, 67.00±5.15 beats/minute, 114.91±5.24 mmHg, 77.27±5.53 mmHg, 37.64±1.96 mmHg, 89.55±5.39 mmHg, 76.85±9.15 beats.min-1.mmHg, 54.93±4.34 ml/beat and 3.60±0.23 L/minute respectively. It was concluded from the results that women boxers of this study have less mean value of VO2max (aerobic fitness) and haemodynamic variables than reported of elite national and international boxers. Key words: PP, MAP, RPP, SV, CO

7-10

Authors: Singh, G.; and Kumar2, A.K.

Aims: The purpose of the study was to observe the lipid profile of type 2 diabetics in the male Punjabi population. Method(s): A total of 120 Type 2 diabetic men with an age range from 30 to 70 years volunteered to participate in this study. The fasting blood sugar (FBS) & lipid profiles were recorded with standard procedure. Results: The mean age and FBS were 50.3 ± 11.8 years and 135.1±27.4 mg/dl respectively. There were 59% subjects with high total cholesterol (TC) levels and 98% were having increased LDL levels. 89% of the subjects were found with lower HDL level. Conclusion: It is concluded from the results of the present study that in type 2 diabetics dyslipidaemia was very common especially raised LDL levels. Results strongly suggest that further investigations should relate the effects of dyslipidaemia and abnormalities of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetics. And ethnic specific patterns of lipid profile in type 2 diabetics regardless of their glucose levels, suggests that ethnic-specific strategies and guidelines on risk assessment and prevention of CVD due to dyslipidemia are required. Keywords: CVD, FBS, Dyslipidaemia.

20-24

Authors: Soodan, J.S. & Kumar, A.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among anthropometric indices (upper extremity lengths and circumferences) and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) of radial & ulnar nerve (bilateral side) in aerobic trained athletes (long distance runners & cyclists). A total of 50 male long distance runners & cyclists with an average age, height and weight of 23±2 years, 172.8±5.8 cm and 70.05±4.2 Kg respectively, volunteered to participate in this study. Each subject‘s MNCV was measured with the help of computerized equipment called ―NEUROPERFECT‖ (Medicaid Systems, India) and the data was analyzed using Mean ±SD and Pearson correlation. Results shows that MNCV of right radial and left radial was negatively and significantly related with right upper arm length (r=0.-40 p < 0.01) and left upper arm length (r=0.-37 p < 0.05). But a positive and significant relationship of MNCV of right ulnar and left ulnar was found between right upper arm circumference (r=0.33 p < 0.05) and left upper arm circumference (r=0.36 p < 0.05). Thus, it is concluded that the positive relationship of MNCV of radial and ulnar nerve in aerobic trained athletes may be the result of their long term training adaptations which may be further related to their pattern of movement requirement. Key Words: Long Distance Runners, Cyclists

30-38

Authors: Vij, J.S.; & Multani, N.K.

The purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy of Neuro- Developmental Therapy (NDT) based gait training with conventional physiotherapy in re-education of gait in post stroke hemiparetic patients. 24 post stroke hemiparetic subjects (n=24, males=20, females=4) aged 40-70 yrs (mean age 56.13 yrs) affected for a period of 4-6 weeks and having ability to walk, with or without walking aid, were included in the study. All the subjects were assessed for step length, stride length, cadence, gait velocity and pressure areas in different parts of the foot using Harris mat. The quality of gait was assessed using Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS). All the subjects were conveniently divided into two groups viz Group A and Group B. Group A received NDT based gait training along with conventional physiotherapy whereas Group B received only conventional physiotherapy for a total period of 8 weeks. After statistical analysis, a significant improvement was observed in step length affected (t= 6.82, t= 4.25), step length unaffected (t= 7.27, t= 4.78), stride length (t= 7.63, t= 4.41), gait velocity (t= 3.34, t= 4.69), cadence (t= 4.56, t= 6.08) and WGS scores (t= 6.44, t= 5.86) in both the groups. Whereas significant decrease in the spasticity (MAS–Hip, t=3.46 , MAS–Knee, t=3.73, MAS–Ankle, t=3.73) was only observed in the group receiving NDT based gait training along with conventional physiotherapy (Group A). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the high and low pressure areas of upper, middle and lower parts of foot in both the groups after the intervention. In between comparison of the two groups showed a significant difference in the improvement in the step length of affected side (t=3.94), step length of unaffected side (t=4.31), stride length (t=5.1) as well as WGS scores between the two groups. The present study has highlighted that both, the conventional physiotherapy as well as addition of NDT based gait training, are effective in improving the step length, stride length, cadence, velocity and WGS scores in post stroke hemiparetic patients. But in comparison to conventional physiotherapy alone, addition of NDT based gait training is more effective in improving step length, stride length, spasticity and WGS scores in these patients. Key words: Stroke, Hemiparesis, NDT based gait training, Conventional physiotherapy, Harris mat

45-47

Authors: Gahlawat, O.P.; & Gahlawat, P.

The objective of this study was "To examine mental health dimensions between player and non- player students". Researcher took 50 boys and 50 girls ranging from 17 to 21 years for the study. In the present study sex and type of students have been treated as independent variable and mental health as dependent variable. The respective groups of boys and girls were adminstered the mental health inventory by Jagdish and Srivastava (1983). It was observed that - male player subjects are found more positive self-evaluation, integration of personality, autonomy and environmental mastery than male non player subject, and over all mental health there is significant difference between male player and male non -player subjects. Female Player subjects are found more positive self-evaluation, integration of personality, autonomy, group-oriented attitudes and environmental mastery than female non player subjects, and over all mental health, there is significant difference between female player and female non -player subjects. Keywords: Mental health, male players, female players

51-54

Authors: Mazumdar, S.; Verma, S. K.; and Kumar, A.

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of moderate intensity of aerobic exercise programme on exercise tolerance capacity of stable angina patients. Sixty male patients of stable angina were recruited as subjects and their age ranged from 40-60 years, further they were divided equally into experimental group and control group. Experimental group underwent a six weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercise programme while the control group was lead a routine sedentary life style for six weeks. Exercise tolerance capacity was measured by using Borg‘s scale in both the groups on the first day and after every 2 weeks. It was found that at the end of six weeks of aerobic programme there was an increase in the exercise tolerance capacity of the stable angina patients of the experimental group than control group. It is concluded that six weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercise programme of cardiac rehabilitation for the patients of stable angina is a short time period for peripheral adaptation than the central adaptations. Key words: Cardiac rehabilitation, Borg’s Scale, THR, RHR

79-88

Authors: De, S.; Sengupta, P.; Maity, P.; Pal, A.; and Dhara, P.C.

Objectives: The present work was aimed to assess the variation of grip strength with the changes of posture and body joint angles and to establish an optimal body posture and joint angle for the maximum grip strength for adult Bengalee population. Methods: Adult male (n=156) and female (n=224) were involved in this study. The hand grip strength was measured by using Lafayette hand grip dynamometer. Results: The results revealed that male subjects had a significantly greater (p<0.001) grip strength compared to that of female subjects and the highest grip strength was found in standing posture with elbow angle of 900 in both adult male and female subjects. Conclusions: From the results it may be recommended that the grip strength of Bengalee population may be measured in standing posture with elbow angle of 900, shoulder angle of 1800, and the trunk and wrist in neutral positions to provide maximum force. Key words: Grip strength, Standing posture, Body joint angle, Bengalee (Indian) population

95-98

Authors: Soodan, J.S.; & Kumar, A.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe motor nerve conduction velocity of selected nerves of both the upper and lower extremities in sportsmen. Thirty high-level sprinters (100mts & 200 mts) and thirty high level distance runners (3000mts) were volunteered to participate in the study. Method: Motor Nerve Conduction Velocities (MNCV) of Ulnar and Common Paroneal Nerve (CPN) were recorded with the help of computerized equipment -Neuroperfect (Medicaid Systems, India) with standard techniques of supramaximal percutaneus stimulation with constant current and surface electrodes. The anthropometric measurements taken were Body Height (cms), Age (yrs) and Body weight (kgs). The neurophysiological parameters taken were MNCV of Ulnar Nerve (upper extremity) and Common Peroneal Nerve (lower extremity) of both sides (i.e.dominant and non-dominant) of the body. The room temperature was maintained at 37 degree Celsius. Results: Significant differences in motor nerve conduction velocities were found between dominant and non-dominant limbs in each group. Ulnar nerve conduction velocity measured from above elbow to below elbow was significantly higher in the sprinters than long distance runners. The CPN nerve conduction velocity is significantly higher in distance runners as compared to sprinters. Conclusion: The motor nerve conduction velocity of ulnar nerve was found to be higher in sprinters as compared to the distance runners, and the MNCV for CPN is higher in distance runners as compared to sprinters. The MNCVof ulnar and CPN were higher in dominant limbs (i.e. arms & legs) of both sides of the body as compared to non dominant limbs. Key words: Motor nerve conduction velocity, ulnar nerve, Common Peroneal Nerve

103-109

Authors: Multani, N.K.,; Kaur, H.; & Chahal, A.

It is known that participating in sports can have a beneficial effect on bone mass. However, it is not well established which type of sporting activity is more beneficial for increased bone mineral density. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between impact of sporting activities and bone mineral density. As a part of study, bone mineral density of sportspersons was compared with age-matched non-sportspersons. Research design for present study was a cross-sectional design. A total of 70 subjects in the age group of 25-75 years participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: (1) sportspersons group (n=35, mean age=48.05 years, mean BMI=25.99 kg/m2) and (2) non-sportspersons group (n=35, mean age=48.14 years, mean BMI=26.29 kg/m2). Bone mineral density was measured by using Ostepro-ultrasound bone mineral density system. The results revealed statistically significant difference with t value of 4.2061 (p<0.05), indicating that sportspersons had higher bone mineral density than their non-sports cohort. A statistically significant positive relationship was exhibited (r = 0.463) between impact of sporting activities and bone mineral density which implies that sportspersons involved in high impact sports (basketball, football, and athletics) have greater bone mineral density as compared to athletes involved in moderate impact sports (table tennis and cycling). It is concluded that bone mineral density is higher in sportspersons than their non- sports cohort and sportspersons involved in high impact sports possess substantially higher bone mineral density than sportspersons involved in moderate impact sports. Keywords: BMI, Bone Mineral Density, High Impact Activities, Low Impact Activities