INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES

7-21

Authors: EL AMANE MOHAMED, KENNOUCHE YOUNES

In this work it was possible to synthesize and characterize the ligand of N-salicylidene-β- alanine (KHL). A series of metal caffeine complexes involving a tridentate (NO2)-donor Schiff base and two monodentate N9 caffeine and water coordination with the composition [M(LH)(Caff)2H2O]n; M= Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+; Caf= caffeine have been prepared and characterized by FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR, DEPT, UV-Visible and Molar Conductance.

32-39

Authors: MS. DHOTE PRIYA S., GANVIR V. N.

Today about 80% of world energy requirement is provided by petroleum products. Its, extensive utilization has led to climate change, environmental pollution, and health problems. To reduce these effects, it is necessary to enhance the use of renewable energy sources. Among many renewable energy sources biodiesel is one such alternative. An oscillatory baffled reactor has been designed and fabricated to produce Mahua oil methyl esters from high FFA Mahua oil. In our present study the production of Biodiesel was carried out in two steps. The highest biodiesel yield was obtained (95%) under conditions of reaction temperature of 25 degree celcius, reaction time of 10 minutes, oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:12 and 4 v/v % sulfuric acid in the first step and 0 .3 weight % of potassium hydroxide in second step as catalysts.

46-52

Authors: SAMEER V. RENUKDAS1 , DR. MRS. N.T.PATEL2

The kinetics of oxidation of ethyl acetoacetate has been investigated in the presence and absence of oxalic acid, in a moderately conc. sulphuric acid medium. The oxidation follows the kinetics of the first order with respect to the oxidant (VI) and first order with respect to the [Ester]. The reaction is overall of the second order. The reactions are acid catalyzed and the rates are independent of added salts. In the absence of oxalic acid the reaction is overall second order, first order in each reactant. In presence of oxalic acid the rate of oxidation increases. The values of thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. A probable mechanism consistent with the kinetic data has been proposed.

10-17

Authors: GAWANDE A. P. THAKARE R.R., HARAMKAR S.S.

Climate change stem from increasing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are the result of emissions from fossil fuel combustion, tropical land clearing and natural process. To offset those gases, CO2 emissions are being limited through engineering controls or storing carbon through biological controls. The concept of carbon credits came into existence as a result of increasing awareness of the need for controlling emission and formed under the “Kyoto Protocol” is an international agreement linked to the UNFCCC. To make the “Kyoto Protocol” more effective, the concept of Carbon Credits was introduced. Carbon Credit is like a Permit that allows an entity to emit a specified amount of greenhouse gases. One credit is equal to 1 tonne of CO2 reduced. It introduces a new form of commerce: the carbon trade is a new economic activity involves the buying and selling of “environmental services” including the removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Carbon credits are currently trading for $9.5 to $10 per metric ton. There are six exchanges trading in carbon allowances. JI and CDM are the two project-based mechanisms which feed the carbon market. Currently there are about 227 upcoming manufacturing/public utility projects in India whereas the global requirement is 350-500 million tons of additional carbon credits. Countries not only invest in new technologies & heavy machinery in order to reduce their emissions but they can just pay a minimal amount & get a carbon emission certificate for their emissions.

25-28

Authors: SHELKE M.E.

Amidinothiocarbamides and their derivatives possess various pharmaceutical, industrial, medicinal and agricultural values1-4. Intraction of different thiocarbamides and substituted cyanamides were carried out to synthesised respective substituted thiocarbamides, bis-foramidino sulphide, amidinothiocarbamides (salt) and their derivatives.5-8 Amidinothiocarbamides and their derivatives were successfully cyclised into respective Hector’s bases, thiadiazines, dithiazines, thiadiazolidines, s-triazines and pyrimidines by using different reagent and different reaction conditions. 9-14 So it was thought interesting to synthesis yet new series of 1,3-bis (Nsubstitutedamidinothiocarbamido)- thiocarbamides.(2) which may posses different pharmaceutical, industrial, medicinal, agricultural important which may be further cyclise to synthesis yet new series of 5 and 6 membered hetercyclic compounds.The structure of all these compounds were established on the basis of elemental analysis ,IR and PMR spectral data.

35-40

Authors: M. SRI LAKSHMI1,*, A. RATNAKAR1, CH. KAVITHA1, K. NARENDRA2

Density, speed of sound and viscosity have been measured for binary liquid mixture containing o-anisidine + amyl acetate over the entire composition range at temperatures 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. By using these values various parameters like adiabatic compressibility (β), free volume (V), free length (Lf), internal pressure (π) and their excess values have been calculated. The intermolecular interactions and structural effects are analyzed on the basis of the measured and derived properties.

5-9

Authors: SONUNE K.N., MESHRAM Y.K., DEVHADE J. B.

The interaction of Ce(III),Pr (III),Nd (III),Sm (III),Gd (III), Dy (III),Yb (III) and Lu (III) metal ions with 7-chloro-5-(o- chloro phenyl)-1, 3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-1, 4- benzodi Drug (ligand-1) and 7-chloro-5-phenyl -1, 3-dihydro-3-hydroxy -2H-1, 4- benzodi Drug (ligand-2) have been investigated by pH-metric technique at 0.1 M ionic strength at ±0.1 0C in 70% dioxane– water mixture.The data obtained were used to estimate the value of proton-ligand stability constant(pK) and metal- ligand stability constant(log K).It is observed that Ce(III), Pr (III), Nd (III),Sm (III),Gd (III),Dy (III),Yb (III) and Lu (III) metal ions formed 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with all the ligands.

31-33

Authors: WAGHMARE J.S.

The aim of this investigation was to study the flow properties of powder by angle of repose with and without glidant. A glidant is a substance that is added to a powder to improve its flowability. A glidant will only work at a certain range of concentrations. Above a certain concentration, the glidant will in fact function to inhibit flow ability. Examples of glidants include magnesium stearate, starch and talc. In order to allow the powder to flow through the tablet press without building up a static charge, glidant must be added and regulated in proper amount to ensure that the hydrophobicity of the powder does not causes an undesirably long dissolution rate. The properties of tablets, powder mixture and pharmaceutical drugs are significantly affected by the excipients. This study investigated the influence of different concentration of starch, magnesium stearate and talc on the flow properties of powder. From study it was observed that, the glidants posse’s order of property was Talc > Starch > Magnesium stearate

6-19

Authors: LOKENDRA SINGH THAKUR, MUKESH PARMAR

Industrial waste constitutes the major source of various kinds of metal pollution in natural water. There are at least 20 metals which cannot be degraded or destroyed. The important toxic metals are Cu, Ni and Zn. There are numerous methods currently employed to remove and recover the metals from our environment and many physicochemical methods have been proposed for their removal from wastewater. Adsorption is one of the alternatives for such cases and is an effective purification and separation technique used in industry especially in water and wastewater treatments. Cost is an important parameter for comparing the adsorbent materials. Therefore, there is increasing research interest in using alternative low-cost adsorbents. The use of tea waste as the low-cost adsorbents was investigated as a replacement for current costly methods of removing heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The experiment results showed that maximum removal of Nickel ion by tea waste is 94% and for Copper & Zinc ion are 89% & 90% respectively at optimum condition.

28-40

Authors: PRAVIN NAKOD

Environmental drivers like carbon capture and other emission controls are creating a great opportunity for growth and adoption of clean coal technologies. Gasification is one of the more established and matured clean coal technologies and numerical simulations are playing crucial role in its development. Different models and approaches have been proposed and discussed in the literature. In the present work, a step by step approach is proposed to evaluate the fractions of different species as a result of volatile break-up during gasification. The volatile component of a given solid fuel like coal or biomass consists of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur. Mass of these elements in the evaluated species is balanced with their individual masses in the original solid fuel composition. CFD simulations for ConocoPhillips' EGas technology based gasifier and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) research scale two stage air blown gasifierare performed including volatile break-up evaluated using current approach in ANSYS FLUENT 14.5. The reaction rates are computed using the Finite rate/Eddy dissipation reaction model. The Discrete Ordinates radiation model with Weighted Sum of Gray Gas Model (WSGGM) for gas absorption coefficient along with particle radiation interaction is employed in these simulations. The predicted syngas composition and exit temperature are compared with the experimental results. The simulation predictions are within 10% of accuracy compared to the experimental measurements

24-30

Authors: Prof. V. C. Renge, Alok K. Meshram, Pavan K. Badukale

There are economic and environmental benefits when we recover solvent for reuse, especially when expensive solvents and large volumes are involved. An industry has been recovering solvents for many decades at facilities. Solvent recovery is a routine practice in the pharmaceutical industry when it is technically and economically viable for the particular waste stream. Various waste streams being generated at an API (Active pharmaceutical ingredient) synthesis plant. The goal is to investigate those streams that could not be most easily recovered with traditional separation and purification processes. As a first step in that analysis, the recovery of toluene & methanol solvent from a waste stream in the synthesis was considered. Here it is very difficult to separate this complex mixture, so that for separation of this complex mixture azeotropic distillation method is to establish by using the water and an entrainer.