Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi

1-11

Authors: Erdoğan ALTINKAYNAK, Shalala RAMAZANOVA

Death is a physiological phenomenon that will eventually confront every living thing. Curiosity for the unknown has led to more reflection and research. For this reason, death has been the focus of attention of researchers in many fields such as religion, philosophy, sociology, psychology, and medicine, as well as in the field of literature. Likewise, death appears as the main theme in both Turkish and Kyrgyz epics. In this study, based on the Manas Epic, the mourning, funeral, and lament traditions of the Kyrgyz people will be examined and the information on these issues will be revealed in terms of their similarities with the mourning, funeral, and lament beliefs and practices of the Avshar tribes living in Turkey. Epics are cultural assets that carry people's cultural memory from their historical depths to the present. Based on these features, in this study, firstly, the concept of death in the Manas Epic is discussed. The "Manas" epic, which has a very important place not only in the Turkish epic tradition but also among the world epics, is the longest and only living epic in the world. So it has a good reputation. The traditions, customs, and celebrations of "Marriage-Birth and Death", called "Mourning and Burial", are directly related to the world of myths and beliefs. There are two kinds of death. The first is physical death, the second is spiritual death. As a result of spiritual death, the hero is cleansed of sins, reborn, and continues to fulfill his obligations. There is death, but there is also resurrection due to duty and death again after the mission is completed. Thus, national heroes have immortal characters. When the society is in trouble, while this problem is being tackled, the spirit of the heroes emerges and stands on the side of those who struggle, often fighting in the eyes of the enemy. In the analysis, the funeral ceremony after the death phenomenon was mentioned. It is customary to give food and clothing to the poor after the burial. Today, in both Kyrgyz and Anatolian funeral homes, food is cooked and served to those who come. Although the cost of this meal is supposed to be met by the funeral home, it is usually shared among relatives. The main reason for delaying the burial of the dead, in Anatolia, in the epic of Manas, and among today's Kyrgyz people, is to ensure that distant relatives can attend the funeral on time. Finally, the lament ceremony is discussed. As in the epic of Manas, today's Kyrgyz also bury their dead before taking them to the cemetery. The Qur'an is recited during the burial. Before and after the burial, women continue to lament in the tent. In both cultures, on the 3rd, 7th and 40th days of the death, the Qur'an is recited for the soul of the deceased. Among the Kyrgyz, if the relatives of the deceased do not know how to recite “koshok”, a koshok reciter is found and they get him to recite it. The laments continue for three days after the death event takes place. When the men returning home after the burial are seen, the koshok reciting begins again.

33-48

Authors: Ahmet KARAKUŞ

There are many literary societies in the field of New Turkish poetry. One of them is the literate community gathered around the magazine called Hisar, which is more commonly remarkable for Mehmet Çınarlı. Nevzat Yalçın is a Cypriot poet and belongs to this group. He is a Hisar poet who studied Turkish Language and Literature in Ankara and has poetry books called "A' Street" and "Sun and Man." When the poems of this Hisar poet are read collectively, it is seen that some elements come to the fore. These elements are "Highlighting Some Colors," "Foreign Places and Longing for Lover," "Tradition," "Politics and Criticism," "Detracting the West," "Mythology," "Some Common Uses among the Community", "Grammar Errors," and "Prominence of Hand Use" were examined under nine headings in this study. When Nevzat Yalçın's poetry is examined, it is seen that the poet wrote poems on numerous subjects. In order to be able to analyze these poems, the reader must have a certain knowledge and be aware of the media of the period. In the poet's poetry, especially blue and yellow are prominent colors drawing attention to the longing for a lover abroad. It is also seen that there are poems reflecting the past at a time when the tradition is criticized by many poets. It is also stated that the poet wrote some poems with a critical attitude towards some of the Turkish politicians and the West. Another theme of the poet's poetry is mythology. Another point is that Nevzat Yalçın does not deny the expressions used among the people. Another prominent element in Yalçın's poetry is grammatical elements. The processing of the hand limb draws attention to the poet's poems.

86-95

Authors: Aleksandre MGHEBRISHVILI

Among the intellectual and creative forces of the Tskhinvali region of the second half of the 19th century and the end of the 20th century, the personality of Ivane Eliozishvili occupies a prominent place. In the history of Georgian culture and Georgian journalism, his name stands out together with brothers - Davit and Nikoloz Avalishvili. Nikoloz Avalishvili, upset with the "Tsiskri" group, starts thinking about his own periodical publication. The young activist gathers like-minded people around him, who criticize the team of "Droeba" already existing at that time, refer to "Tsiskari" as a dead publication and believe that after the closure of "Sakartvelos Moambe" society needs a "regular Georgian magazine". (Mnatobi, 1869a). Although the idea of founding one's own magazine was interesting, in addition to motivation, it was necessary to find financial resources, without which Nikoloz Avalishvili's initiative would have remained only a dream. Two figures, Nikoloz Avalishvili's brother - Davit Avalishvili and Ivane Eliozishvili, were the guarantors of financial support for the magazine, which was still in its infancy. Davit Avalishvili dedicated his own house to the editorial office and printing house of "Mnatobi" magazine, organized a printing house at his own expense, and his companion Ivane Eliozishvili became the guarantor of the financial security of the magazine. This was even reflected on all issues of "Mnatobi", where it is written together with the editor - "Publisher Iv. Eliozishvili". It should be noted that with this fact, for the first time in the history of Georgian journalism, different persons were recorded as editors and publishers. According to Prof. Al. Kalandadze, Iv. Eliozishvili participated in setting up a printing press, managed economic affairs and was legally responsible before the government. It must be said that none of the above-mentioned persons had any material interest in this case, they used Georgian literature free of charge and were ready to systematically cover the inevitable losses. (Kalandadze, 1986: 9) Iv. Eliozishvili actively cooperated in his contemporary periodical press and tried not to ignore any important problem, especially if it concerns his native corner - Tskhinvali and its surrounding villages.

105-121

Authors: Maia AZMAIPARASHVILI, Tsitsino DAVITULIANI

The tourism industry appears as a socio-economic phenomenon that can solve many economic problems facing the country. Employment remains an acute national problem in Georgia, the development of the tourism industry has a directly proportional effect on this indicator of economic importance. The level of quality of tourism products and services largely depends on labor capital. A significant problem in the hospitality sector is the lack of skilled labor, especially in the recovery from the pandemic. The paper describes the assessment of the current situation in the labor market, the needs and problems of the tourism sector, and the issue of demand and supply of tourism professions. The purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the employment market, to reveal the professional skills demanded by employers on the human capital skills. Study of difficulties related to filling vacancies. Education and the achieved level as the main criterion for employment in the tourism sector and determining the compliance with the required skills in the labor market, identifying the reasons for unfilled vacant positions, identifying existing challenges and formulating individual recommendations. In order to present the problem in a complex way, within the framework of the research, three categories of subjects were distinguished: employers, existing official sites offering jobs and the field of education. The identified manpower shortage is caused by various aspects such as environmental change and even deeper roots such as the education system. Qualitative, quantitative, qualitative, statistical analysis methods were used in the research process. The research itself included the processing of existing literature, the search for statistical data with the direct help of the National Statistical Service of Georgia, the use of various employment sites, conducting surveys and interviews, sorting and quantitative analysis of the retrieved data.