NPunto

5

Authors: CABAÑERO MOLINA, ESTIVALIZ

The prevalence of infections in hospitals has declined considerably over the past few years. The decrease is due to the research and work of the health team to reduce their incidence, as they have a high mortality rate, as well as an increase in the patient´s hospital stay and a considerable increase in hospital expenditure. Intensive care units have an increased risk of infections from the vulnerability of patients who are admitted and invasive techniques performed. Unifying criteria and acting with appropriate prevention measures, the incidence of these infections will be decreasing. Therefore, it is important to continue updating knowledge in this field.

18

Authors: LORENZO VILLENA, JUAN ALBERTO

INTRODUCTION In the world there are about 500 million diabetics, of which more than half a million are under 15 years old, it is also a disease that is increasing its prevalence annually, for them a continuous analysis of the situation worldwide is necessary. OBJECTIVES Describe the current situation of the disease, analyze influencing factors and whether school nursing can improve the evolution of the disease. SUBJECTS AND METHOD A bibliographic review of the last 5 years is carried out in the PUBMED database with studies related to the topic worldwide RESULTS Globally there are 451 million diabetics, of which between 7-12% are DM1, of which 587,000 are under 15, with an annual incidence of 3%. 96% of school-age diabetics are DM1 Diabetic ketoacidosis in children under 5 years can be reduced by up to 65.6% of cases with educational campaigns that can be taught in schools. CONCLUSIONS The planning of self-care by nurses in the school environment improves therapeutic adherence, the satisfaction of both children and their families. There is a need for more homogeneous global studies on diabetes and more extensive

21

Authors: SORIANO MARTÍNEZ, ALBA

Introduction: In recent years there has been an increase in the number of reported cases of bullying and interventions by associations and foundations, as well as by the schools themselves and their families. The present study aims to know the effectiveness of preventive actions and the type of existing programs at national and international level. Methodology: The reference documents of the main associations related to bullying in Spain and in the international sphere were reviewed and a search of the bibliography published in the last 5 years on the interventions against bullying in the main databases was carried out. 40 articles were finally selected. Results: The totality of the reviewed studies obtained positive results in favor of the preventive programs of bullying. There was a reduction in the incidence of bullying in schools intervened and violent behavior in schools. There was variability in the forms of intervention. Discussion and conclusions: Preventive programs are effective in most contexts. It would be interesting to develop a unified tool to assess the impact of these interventions, since there is currently no uniformity in the evaluation.

7

Authors: Quiles Mateo Antonio

Introduction: Obese people are a population that may require respiratory physiotherapy due to the postoperative pulmonary complications that they can present. Among them are atelectasis and pulmonary postsurgical complications, situations where the incentive spirometer is indicated. The objective of the study was to analyze the possible differences regarding the maximum volume obtained between obese subjects and subjects with normal weight. Methods: The study that was carried out was of a cross-sectional observational type. Lung functions were recorded by a spirometer, to which the volumetric incentive spirometer and the flow incentive spirometer were connected (raising 2 balls and 3 balls) to calculate the maximum volume reached. Results: Data from 30 paired obese were analyzed. The differences in the maximum volume obtained, expressed as a percentage, were statistically significant between both groups, both with the volumetric incentivized spirometer and with the flow incentive (ascending 2 balls). Conclusion: The results obtained would indicate that there would be no statistically significant differences between the maximum volume obtained, expressed in liters, with both devices between subjects with obesity and normal weight, although there would be a difference in the percentage.

16

Authors: Barba Cabañas, Francisco-Santos

Introduction: It is necessary to review all scientific publications and analyze them so that little by little they promote school nursing and there is an emerging role of nursing in educational centers. Each time the figure of the school nurse is more important in society, and extends to the school community. The main objective of this publication is to show a bibliographic review, and thus include all the publications that we have been able to find about school nursing and show how important the role it plays in the school environment. A series of inclusion and exclusion criteria have been taken into account when conducting the search and selection. All the information we have available shows us the need for a school nurse to exist in the classroom. Having a nursing professional in schools is of great importance and effectiveness, because with his assistance and health prevention work, he improves the quality of life and the knowledge that students have about health, and thus acquire their habits healthy at this stage of your life. Having a nurse in the educational centers is a fundamental instrument of work, because they can guide and train all the workers of the center, the students and even their families. Analyzing all aspects of school nursing, and therefore the role of the nurse is essential. The objective of this work is to carry out a bibliographic review, in order to analyze publications on school nursing and highlight the importance of the role it plays school environment. A series of inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken into account when conducting the search and subsequent selection. The information available demonstrates the need for a school nurse in the classroom. The work of both health care and health promotion and prevention is very effective for students in schools, improving their quality of life and health knowledge in a stage of life essential to acquire healthy habits. The role of the nurse ins fundamental in the orientation and training of students, family members and non- teaching staff of schools. There are many aspects that nurses treat in schools, becoming a fundamental and indispensable work tool. The implementation of School Nursing in School Centers is considered important due to the effectiveness of health intervention at an early age. Stage in which they begin to acquire important healthy habits, which impact on the health of each person. Nurse being one of the professionals that generates more confidence in the general population an especially the school population Therefore, a basic health education can be started to acquire good habits since an optimal state of health is based on a correct Health Education. This training should be carried out through a health professional such as Nursing. Allowing giving complete information and being able to verify the effectiveness of said activity.

18

Authors: Cabañero Molina, Estívaliz

Objective: To know the main features of epilepsy to identify what the symptomatology is, as well as knowing how to differentiate between a febrile process, since it is the most frequent type of seizure in infants and, in an epileptic state, the most serious situation within seizures caused by epilepsy. Methods: This is a systematic review carried out in different databases with the data collected in the last five years until nowadays. Results: Taking into account all the reviewed articles, it is clarified which the main signs and symptoms that characterize epilepsy are, developing in a clear and brief way what the symptomatology which has to put us on alert in school nurses or collective that is part of a school in different situations is. This different situations make reference to parents, other students, teachers, etc. Conclusions: The found findings coincide with some of the same opinions expressed in the review articles. The importance of school nursing is reflected in the official and/or scientific papers but it is not developing in practice despite the benefits that are being shown in countries where this figure has been implemented for years. There are still many steps to take to reach a situation in which the end is the welfare of the population. The knowledge and the health education for the population are basic pillars of a good health system. The way is being built based on small steps over the years, although much work remains to be done and many policies to be implemented to make it possible for the population to have a better access to health and with it, to their physical, mental and social well-being. The final goal is the pursuit of healthy populations and managers of their own health states. Nowadays, the fear and the ignorance of epilepsy is not something that has changed so much in comparison to previous years. It is true that no divine causes are attributed as in the beginning of history. However, we will see how there are diffuse ideas and confusing knowledge on the part of the population. A minimum percentage, outside the health field, is trained for it.