Ukrainian Society

12-22

Authors: Makarenko A. S.

The paper deals with transforming social systems and their reflection in the concepts and models of the corresponding processes. A new approach to modelling and research of large social systems was proposed. The author emphasises and describes qualitatively some aspects of the approach that are important for considering the transformation of society. The main feature of such systems is the following properties. Firstly, these systems operate in a small number of reasonably stable states. (In our approach, this is interpreted as so-called associative memory). Secondly, the evolution of such systems (actually, history for long periods) has an analogue in the learning process in models, when connections are established between the system elements. Furthermore, thirdly, the proposed approach was able to consider individuals’ internal properties (mentality) – participants in large social systems. New models of socio-economic systems are described, and an interpretation of their behaviour as trajectories on certain surfaces in the space of variables is given. The ways of transforming systems are explained: revolutionary, evolutionary and with a unique trajectory of transition. The classes are considered, into which the internal (mental) variables of individuals are divided. The internal representations of the individual from some slice of reality (in psychology, for example, this is called “internal plans”) are represented as a network of objects, concepts and the like, depending on the “object” and purpose of modelling. There are three networks (patterns, drawings) of descriptions: the actual state of affairs, presented in the form of a network; the state of things in the imagination of a particular individual and the desired (ideal) state of affairs in the imagination of a particular individual. The dynamics of changes in the parameters that characterise the individual depends on the state of the environment “externally” and on the “internal” mental variables and the above three ideas about the external environment. Adequate consideration of the external environment by representing and internal representations of surrounding individuals is possible. Such an approach is proposed when considering archetypes in the transformation of the social system. The problem of sustainable development of education and science systems is considered.

30-40

Authors: Omelyanenko V. A.

Based on the analysis of modern theories and practical approaches to local development management, the author determined that many successful strategies for community revival are based on the ability of society and business to self-organize at the local level. The author identifies the formation factors of local innovation archetypes and the resource base of innovation development of communities. One of the main aspects of the formation of local innovation archetypes is the development of mechanisms for the public choice of the innovation process priorities and their implementation, and creating tools for broad information support and promotion of innovative ideas to create success stories. It is determined that the main tasks of local community development practices are capacity building and community empowerment, the transformation of local residents from actors into actors, development of participatory democracy and involvement of residents in the development of the territory (enhanced participation). The author substantiates that regional (local) innovation landscapes are more suitable for developing complex interactions and capital formation of ties as competitive advantages. The territories are communities of economic interest and can take advantage of ties and joint activities of economic entities. Implicit knowledge (cooperation between educational institutions, research institutions, business, staff relocation, public-private sector interaction, technology diffusion, etc.) in the measurement of networks depend heavily on coordination and are necessary for various innovations. Based on the analysis of local development theories, it is substantiated that the most effective tool developing of local communities is to involve people in joint activities aimed at achieving the public good or benefit for all participants. Examples of the best world experience and practices in involving communities in solving local development issues are considered.

49-59

Authors: Kozhemiakina O. M.

Paper dwells upon the theoretical and methodological foundations of leadership, considering key approaches and archetypal theories in modern value changes. The author notes the basis of the classical typology of leadership by M. Weber as manifestations of prereflective, emotional and rationalized trust in the leader. The typological foundations of archetypal leadership patterns based on dominant charisma, context and basic needs are identified. The possibilities of applying the basic ideas of the sociology of the depths of G. Durand in modern concepts of leadership are revealed, drawing attention to the problems of interpreting gender archetypes and their synergistic effects as stabilizing attractors. The main provisions of the philosophy of G. Durand are investigated, emphasizing the possibility of overcoming the logocentric worldview prevailing in Western culture and opening the horizons of visualizing living semantic complexes of archetypes and myths. These categories are proposed to be considered as the primary cognitive and emotional assets of leadership to substantiate the sources of the innovative and self-realization potential of modern leaders. The article analyses the peculiarities of applying mythoanalysis in political leadership, which is undergoing modifications under the diurnal and nocturne regimes in heroic, dramatic and mystical narratives. Paper investigates the features of the mythocritical and mythoanalytic method of G. Durand. It is noted that mythoanalysis expands the mythological narrative to the socio-cultural context of an epoch, country, period, universal social practices, building an ideal myth-model even outside of historical time in the eternal return of myth. The conceptual reformatting of the archetypes of gender leadership discourse in the communicative foundations of moral influence is considered. The communicative aspects of leadership in masculine and feminine motives of hunting and caring archetypes are determined.

69-78

Authors: Lozynska T. M.

The article contains the results of a study on modelling new communities in rural areas of Ukraine. Modelling considers both the possibility of modernization of archetypes and archaization of the individual imaginary. The research methodology is based on the theoretical work of G. Durand on the structures of the imaginary, used in the study of the transformation of rural communities. The the applied value of the research is determined by the possibility of using the obtained results in the development of state policy of rural development. The initial hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the stratification of modern rural society is based on archetypes (images, myths or schemes), which subconsciously create an idea, crystallize the imaginary and form thinking. Social processes in rural areas were eclectic, mixed with “modern” and “archaic”. It is noted that old archetypes and ideas showed a high ability to survive and adapt to new conditions, demonstrating incredible configurations of a combination of tradition and innovation. Attention is drawn to the fallacy of the dominant notion that market transformations of the economy will contribute to forming an exclusive class of owners. The reality has become the antagonism of relations between owners and non-owners, who have become employees with poorly protected rights. G. Durand attributes a “dramatic myth” to the “night mode” of the structure of representation. It is noted that social gaps, violating the integrity of rural communities, also affected the perception of the individual’s place in the local social environment and his behaviour within the community, based on which 10 social groups of rural communities were modelled. It is concluded that the formation of imaginary and archetypes in rural communities occurs in an environment where the number of strangers is increasing. The polarization of the rural population and the confrontation of relations indicate the destructiveness of social processes in rural areas. Society must create artificial social institutions that will regulate human life, and this seems to be a super difficult task in the context of a variety of archetypes of rural life.

92-101

Authors: Nechyporenko V. V., Gordienko N. M.

The article uses the theoretical and methodological standpoint of Gilbert Durand’s theory of archetypes to interpret ethnic archetypes of Ukrainians, which are manifested in the set of value dispositions of students attending educational and rehabilitation institutions. The authors substantiate the idea that the influence of archetypal determinants in children is manifested primarily in value dispositions that act as potentials for their future behaviour; they are the projection of the collective unconscious influence on the social morality of a particular society and the formation of universal prototypes that determine the living environment of each individual and the entire community, eventually affecting the construction of social reality. Based on the survey conducted among senior students of educational and rehabilitation institutions of Ukraine, it is empirically shown that the value structure of student youth is formed mostly regardless of their gender, reflecting the main national archetypes (freedom-loving Cossack society, cordocentrism, the concept of “fertile land”, peasantry character, the image of Goddess-Mother) and includes such traits of national character as democratic nature, opulence, thrift, diligence, religiosity and respect for women. The article demonstrates the analytical and interpretative value of the conceptual trichotomy “diurnal – dramatic nocturnal – mystical nocturnal” introduced by G. Durand for understanding the archetypal pre-conditions of students’ choices of priority values. The authors analyse the specific features of the value sphere of students with disabilities: when compared to children without disabilities, they show lower indicators for almost all value points. It is suggested that these differences are evidence of the lesser manifestation of archetypes and national character traits due to preferential focusing on health issues, the need to monitor and control physical condition increasingly, coordination of movements, etc. Because of this, in students with disabilities, the postural reflex, which belongs to the sphere of the diurnal influence, retains its activity after reaching physical maturity and often manifests itself in the unprecedented psychological vitality of people belonging to this category.

114-124

Authors: Nesterenko Ye. O., Liudohovska K. V.

Paper presents the results of the innovative youth project U-Report for December 2020 – February 2021: difficulties in communication between young people and the elderly, discrimination against the elderly by young people and youth by the elderly; the impact of a sedentary lifestyle on youth’s health; health-saving technologies in education, entrepreneurial experience among young people.