Animal Research International

2785 – 2792

Authors: MOUSAVI KASHANI, Seyed Mohsen, DARVISH, Sara and GHARAHVEYSI, Shahabodin

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different strains of broiler chickens and feed types used on broiler litter quality. For this study, 416 broiler chickens were used as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with two factors, four replicates and 13 chickens per pen. The first factor consisted of Ross 308, Arian, Cobb and A+ strains and the second factor included two types of common and specific feeds. The effect of the above factors was studied on quantitative and qualitative indices of the litter, general Linear Model was used in SAS software. There was no significant effect (p>0.05). The highest moisture, crude protein and nitrogen percentage were related to Ross (23.82 %), Cobb (22.67 %) and Arian (3.59 %), respectively. Also, the highest moisture, crude protein and nitrogen percentage of the feeds were 24.05%, 22.43% and 3.59%, respectively, which was observed in the common feed. Differences between strains and also, between compositions of feeds did not lead to a difference in the composition of the chicken farm litter.

2804 – 2808

Authors: AWE, Emmanuel Temitope

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of head deformity on the growth and development of catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The obvious increasing market for fish protein calls for the evaluation of factors that influences the yield of fish. Fertilization was carried out among Clarias gariepinus with snout mouth (a form of cephalic abnormality) and normal Clarias obtained from Ado-Ekiti, in Ekiti State together with a controlled study involving fertilization among non-cephalic abnormality or normal Clarias. The highest hatchability rate of 64.44 % was recorded in the control study and the least of 38.02 % was recorded in crosses where both parents were cephalically deformed. In the growth performance of the offspring, the crosses involving the deformed parents (SM x SM) had the highest mean weight and mean length of 3.941 ± 0.56 g and 4.84 ± 0.89 cm, while the least of 2.477 ± 0.16 g and 3.34 ± 0.5 cm was recorded in crosses involving normal parent and deformed head parent (SM x NM), after 12 weeks of raising the offspring. There was no occurrence of snout mouth deformity among the progenies of all the crosses. However, there were few occurrences of other forms of deformities; four cases of albinism and one case of inwardly bent trunk among the fries.

2818 – 2825

Authors: ODUOLA, Adedayo Olatunbosun, OMOTAYO, Ahmed Idowu , ADELAJA, Olukayode James and OBEMBE, Abiodun

Bedbugs are cosmopolitan insects of public health importance. Their characteristic biting and blood-feeding activities result in both physical symptoms and psychological distress in affected hosts. This study investigated the incidence of bedbug and control practices among students and indigenes living in two different settlements in Ilorin, Nigeria. Bedbugs were surveyed and collected from household materials from fifty apartments randomly selected from each of the new and old student hostels and family houses in Tanke and Oja-Oba area of Ilorin. Bedbugs collected were persevered in 70 % alcohol and identified using taxonomic keys. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on respondents’ demography, perception about bedbug infestation and control practices in sampled houses in the study areas. Sampled data were analysed using percentages. Results from the survey revealed that the number of respondents with knowledge of bedbugs was not significant (p>0.05) compared with those without. Family houses in the indigenous Oja-Oba study location were the only site with bed-bug infestation. Higher numbers of bedbugs were collected on mattresses. Out of the 200 respondents, 20 (10 %) employed the use of the chemical method in bedbug control and precisely, 12 (60 %) of these use a locally made formulation named otapiapia. The intensity of infestation in Oja-Oba and insignificant knowledge of bedbugs among the respondents suggest the need to raise the level of public awareness and also canvass for improved living conditions in the affected areas.

2836 – 2841

Authors: EHISIANYA, Collins Ndubuisi, EKEDO, Chukwuebuka Mathias, OKORE, Oghale O’woma, and IBEDIUGHA, Briandavis Nnaemeka

Laboratory evaluation of Bendiocarb and Deltamethrin insecticides for the management of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were conducted in June 2016 at Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre, Enugu, Nigeria. Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were obtained from breeding sites (ground pools, dirty water, containers) at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Southeast Nigeria. They were reared and fed with ground biscuits to adulthood. Two- to three-day-old, non-blood engorged female mosquitoes were exposed separately to discriminating dosages of 0.1 % bendiocarb and 0.05 % deltamethrin impregnated papers embedded in World Health Organisation (WHO) diagnostic test kit following their standard protocol of susceptibilities. The knockdown effect was recorded at 5 and 10 minutes intervals and their mortality was scored 24 hours after exposure. Fifty and ninety percent of knockdown times (KDT50 and KDT90) were determined using probit analysis. The result showed that the Cx. quinquefasciatus collected from the breeding habitats were resistant to bendiocarb with mortality of 38.50 % after 24 hours exposure. A similar result was also obtained from deltamethrin treatment with a percentage mortality of 10.80. The KDT50 and KDT90 were 30 and 60 minutes, respectively in deltamethrin treated mosquitoes, whereas 40 and 60 minutes in bendiocarb treated. This result revealed that bendiocarb and deltamethrin insecticides may not be suitable alternatives to control Culex spp. at this location.

2860 – 2866

Authors: AJUNWA, Linda Oyibo, JEGA, Hassan Zainab, AGBADORONYE, Purity Chizoba, ONYEAGU, Chika Lucy, IBRAHIM, Larai Janet, NGAMDU, Sumayin Aisha and IBRAHIM, Mohammed

The study was conducted to determine the occurrence of tsetse and establish the impact of the flies contact with humans and livestock in Barangoni community, Bwari Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design and the use of traps. Traps were set to catch tsetse flies along the bank of River Jeffy whereas survey research was used to collect information from herdsmen and community dwellers on the impact of tsetse fly contact with livestock and human using a structured questionnaire. A random sampling technique was adopted for the study. The sample size of the study was 31 respondents and consists of 19 city dwellers and 12 herdsmen. Data collected were analyzed using frequency count and percentage. The presence of tsetse fly (Glossina palpalis) was confirmed in Barangoni and both herdsmen and city dwellers experienced tsetse bite. The impact of the bites was extreme fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, exercise intolerance such that caused the livestock to be weak, lag behind the mob and collapse or may even die. This result suspects HAT and AAT in the community. Also, the presence of tsetse in Barangoni indicates that the community is a tsetse infested area. It is therefore recommended that surveillance be extended to the community to map out definite infested areas and subsequently, vector and disease control strategies deployed.

2876 – 2882

Authors: AMADI, Anthonia Nnenna Chuks, AMOKE, Cornelius Offorma and GANIYU, Kafayat

This study was carried out to determine the status of malaria parasitemia and assessment of the awareness and use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and malaria control among the Umudike community of Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. Using thin-film preparations, malaria parasites were detected and identified. Questionnaire and observation were used to retrieve information from consenting individuals. Four hundred (400) blood samples were examined and the overall prevalence of malaria was 45 %. Females were more infected (47.50 %) than males (43.43 %), but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). Individuals within the age group of 10 – 19 years were most infected (48 %) than other age groups. Species of Plasmodium observed showed that P. falciparum was highest 148 (82.22 %) followed by P. vivax 24(13.33 %) and P. malaria was the least 8(4.44 %). There was no case of P. ovale infection. Students had the highest infection rate (48.67 %) followed by unemployed (45.00 %), farmers (43.33 %) and civil servants (40.00 %) that had the least. The majority of the respondents (79.45 %) associated malaria with mosquito bites and despite the high level (88.89 %) of awareness on the benefits of LLINs only a few have (48.33 %) and sleep (20 %) under the net respectively. Reasons for not having and using LLINs include scarcity (45.21 %) and high cost (16.44 %) of the nets in the area, even though the nets were meant to be distributed free of charge. Malaria is acknowledged to be endemic and prevalence high in the study areas and despite the high awareness of LLINs also possession of the LLINs does not translate into usages, there is, therefore, an urgent need for public health education by Government and relevant agencies on various preventive strategies especially free distribution and proper usage of LLINs, improved environmental sanitation and on proper treatment procedures of malaria in Umudike and its environs.

2892 – 2897

Authors: OKORE, Oghale O’Woma, IBEDIUGHA, Briandavis Nnaemeka, UBIARU, Prince Chigozirim and IGBOKWE, Emmanuel Chiagozie

Efficacy of the leaf powders of Carica papaya, Citrus sinensis, Picralima nitida and permethrin dust against Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus zeamais in stored bean and maize was conducted. Treatments were admixed with 50 g of bean and maize and infested with 20 adults of C. maculatus and S. zeamais in 200 ml air-tight vials containing 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g of the plant powders and permethrin dust and were kept under prevailing laboratory conditions (60 – 65 RH, 27 ± 20C) for a period of 96 hours. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design of 5 treatments and four replicates. The mortality of weevils to the plant powders and the synthetic insecticides were recorded. The highest mortality occurred in the permethrin dust followed by C.papaya, C. sinensis and P. nitida. The mortality rate for C. maculates and S. zeamais were 14.10 ± 12.43 and 12.95 ± 8.41 in permethrin dust, 10.95 ± 7.99 and 4.00 ± 4.52 in C. papaya powder, 8.25 ± 5.89 and 3.05 ± 3.30 in C. sinensis powder and 8.10 ± 6.60 and 2.40 ± 2.70 in P. nitida powder. The highest mortality count in all the treatments occurred in the 48 to 96 hours, while the least mortality was observed within the 24 hours. The mortality was higher in the treatments with the higher dose of the powders. The insecticidal effects were more in C. maculatus than in S. zeamais. No mortality was recorded in the control experiment.