International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

6-15

Authors: Mohamed Gamal Abdalla

In this paper, the effect of submerged vegetation resistance using movable bed surface were studied. Rigid linear cylindrical artificial vegetation of three different densities of 40 stem/m2, 80 stem/m2 and 100 stem/m2 were used. Three discharges of 15 l/s., as a maximum obtained flow, 13 l/s and 8 l/s with three water depths of 14 cm, 16 cm and 18 cm were applied. According to Kleinhans (2008), for submerged vegetation case, the used stem height is 4 cm to give h/k (water depth-stem height ratio less than 5. Water velocities were measured using Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) instrument in the centerline of channel along the vegetation zone (8.0 m long). The vegetation drag coefficient as the major flow resistance was computed. Comparative study was done in this research between Huthoff (2007) model and the obtained experimental results. Klopstra et al. (1997) model was used to compute the average water depth velocity. Baptist et al. (2006) approach was modified to give an empirical equation using the experimental data that gives an agreement with Huthoff (2007) model. Then, the apparent drag (CD) was computed using Huthoff (2007) model and compared with the obtained drag from the deduced empirical equation from the experimental work. Key words: Flow resistance, Submerged vegetation, Drag coefficient, Water velocity.

28-34

Authors: Mueen Abid*1, Maryam Riaz 2

The aim of the present study was to investigate gender differences in the use of defense mechanism among university students. So by using purposive sampling, the researchers selected the sample of (N=100) students, 60 female and 40 males students from University of Gujarat, Hafiz Hayat campus. The Defense Style Questionnaire – 40 (DSQ-40; Andrews, Singh, & Bond, 1993) was used to collect the data on gender differences in defense mechanisms among university students. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics (mean, median, Standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test). The results of this research showed that there were no statistically significant gender differences in the use of defense mechanisms among university students. Keywords: Gender difference, Defense mechanisms, Descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics

39-45

Authors: Santosh Kumar Sinha 1 and U.K.Shrivastava 2

– In this paper, a theorem on degree of approximation of function f ̃∈H_w class by (E,1) (C,1) means in the Holder metric has been established. Keywords - Degree of Approximation , Summability Method , Holder Metric, (E,1) mean, (C,1) mean.

54-61

Authors: Dr. D. V. Prasada Rao1, N.Lakshmi Narayana2

The aim of the experimental investigation is to understand the behavior of concrete produced from multi component composite cements. In this study, cement is replaced with various pozzolanic materials up to 65% and the mechanical properties have been evaluated. The pozzolanic materials used in this investigation are fly ash, rice husk ash, silica fume and metakaolin in varying parentages up to 35%. The fly ash and rice husk ash percentages are kept constant throughout the experimental investigation as 15% and 7.5% respectively. Compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity tests were conducted on M25 grade concrete standard specimens. The results were then compared with the controlled concrete. Based on the experimental investigation, it can be observed that the various strength properties of concrete are completely depends on the metakaolin replacement levels. As the metakaolin content increases upto 12.5% the strength of concrete increases. The results showed that the combination of 15% fly ash, 7.5% Rice husk ash, silica fume 0% and 12.5% Metakaolin 12.5% results in improved strength properties of concrete compared to the controlled concrete. Key Words: Fly ash, Rice Husk Ash, Silica fume, Metakaolin, Compressive strength, Spilt tensile strength, Flexural strength and Modulus of elasticity.

68-75

Authors: Mohammad Aman and R. K. Malik*

For a site selection of a hydropower project, the stream flow discharges and the availability of appropriate head are fundamental considerations and the proposed site should have a good combination of these factors. In Afghanistan, there are many sites which have not been explored for the assessment of the hydropower potential or such information is scarce. A site at the Bamyan River near the Bamyan city in Afghanistan was investigated for the assessment of the hydropower potential. The gross head between the existing weir crest level and the ground level of the power house was assessed to be 35 m using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in Arc GIS and after considering 10% head losses the net available head was estimated to be 31.5 m. The maximum and the minimum mean monthly flow rate were estimated to be 11.03 and 1.93 m3/s, respectively. The power-law function was The Pelton turbine with 80% efficiency was identified for the proposed site.The hydropower potential was assessed to be 1720.60 KW for the maximum flow rate of 6.96 m3/s at 15% probability level which is about to 2 times more than the estimated hydropower potential of 833.10 KW at the designed flow rate of 3.37 m3/s at 40% probability level. The estimated hydropower potential of 1090.20 was computed at mean flow rate of 4.41 m3/s while the minimum estimated hydropower potential of 473.57 KW was observed for the minimum flow rate of 1.77 m3/s at 95% probability level. With the help of turbine selection chart and the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine, the Pelton turbine was selected for the proposed site. Key words- Hydro power potential, stream flows, digital elevation model, arc Gis, pelton turbine, hydraulic efficiency, Topchi site, Afghanistan

88-93

Authors: *Ms.Pranali R Gajbhiye ,Prof. P.D.Sathya

Current models of the classification problem do not effectively handle bursts of particular classes coming in at different times. In fact, the current model of the classification problem simply concentrates on methods for one-pass classification modeling of very large data sets. Our model for data stream classification views the data stream classification problem from the point of view of adynamic approach in which simultaneous training and test streams are used for dynamic classification of data sets. This model reflects real-life situations effectively, since it is desirable to classify test streams in real time over an evolving training and test stream. The aim here is to create a classification system in which the training model can adapt quickly to the changes of the underlying data stream. In order to achieve this goal, we propose an on-demand classification process which can dynamically select the appropriate window of past training data to build the classifier. The empirical results indicate that the system maintains a high classification accuracy in an evolving data stream, while providing an efficient solution to the classification task. Keywords:Stream classification, geometric time frame, microclustering, nearest neighbor

98-103

Authors: Ganiyu Adedayo Ajenikoko*, Umah Ibrahim

There is the need for man to control electronic appliance(s) without necessarily moving an inch. This research paper discusses the design and implementation of a micro-controller-based global system for mobile communication (GSM) scrolling display system. The work uses the micro-controller (PIC 16F877A) as the control component in the construction of the device which makes simple, the design of the device due to the addition of the input/output port on the microcontroller. A GSM module was incorporated in the design which functions as the receiver of the message sent via short message service (SMS) on a GSM phone. There is an additional rechargeable battery back-up to compliment for power instability. The device is suitable for use at any location within the globe. The LED display system mainly consists of a GSM receiver and a display toolkit which can be programmed from an authorized mobile phone. It receives the SMS, validates the sending Mobile identification Number (MIN) and displays the desired information after necessary code conversion. The GSM-based system offers flexibility to display flash news or announcements faster than the programmable system. It can also be used at other public places like schools, gardens etc. without affecting the surrounding environment. The GSM network is inherently digital which makes it secured, relatively error-free and jamming-proof. Hospitals, banks, sports stadium, airports, railway stations, education sectors and stock markets etc find this device a useful tool to communicate electronically. It has an unparalleled advantage in drawing people’s attention by prompting them to reflect many times on the scrolling lights, automatically displaying either messages of advertisement, place description or greetings at any time of the day. It can be used for both indoor and outdoor purposes. In fact it is the most alluring, unique, captivating and attractive means of information dissemination. Keywords: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Scrolling Display, Short Message Service (SMS), Mobile Identification Number (MIN), Light Emitting Diode (LED), Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM).

117-136

Authors: Ritesh Kumar Hui

Among the thermal mode of machining, electrical discharge machining (spark erosion machining) is mainly a method for the manufacturing of a multitude[1] of ever changing geometries very often produced as unit job or in small batches.The basic concept of Electrcal Discharge Machining (EDM) process is creating out of metals affected by the sudden stoppage of the electron beam[3] by the solid metal surfaces of the anode.The portion of the anode facing the direct electrical pulse reaches the boiling point.Even in case of medium long pulse the rate of temperature increases in tens of millions of degree per second which means dealing with an explosion process.In the present work, a combined optimization approach is used for the estimation of maximum metal removal rate(MRR) [5]and minimum tool wear rate(TWR), surface roughness(SR) and overcut(OC) of produced in electrical discharge machining. The important input parameters current (I), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff) and voltage (V ) are considered. Twenty five experiments has been performed on AISI D2 steel as work piece and copper(Cu) as tool materials. The optimum setting of the machining parameters has been evaluated from the grey relational grade. With the help of Analysis of variance the percentage contribution of the input parameters has been found out. The optimal set of parameters are current (50A), voltage (27V) , pulse on time (300µs),pulse off (10µs). Keywords: Electro discharge machining (EDM), AISI D2 steel, Copper, Taguchi Analysis,Grey relational analysis (GRA)

144-149

Authors: Kirti Bala

This paper represents cloud computing has become popular due to its attractive features. The load on the cloud is increasing tremendously with the development of new applications. Load balancing is associate degree necessary a part of cloud computing surroundings that ensures that each one devices perform same quantity of labour in equal quantity of time. Different models and algorithms for load balancing in cloud computing has been developed with the aim to build cloud resources accessible to the end users easily. The overall objective is to represent the comprehensive overview of the research on load balancing algorithms in cloud computing. So it shows that one of the technique i.e. particle swarm optimization algorithmic rule has been wide accepted as a global improvement algorithmic rule of current interest for distributed improvement and management Keyword: Cloud computing, Load balancing, ACO, PSO, Red black tree, Bayesian Classifier, Flow Time, Makespan.

156-160

Authors: SREELEKSHMI A.N AND SREELEKSHMI M.S

In the proposed method second generation curvelet transform is used for image denoising. Curvelet coefficients are thresholded for noise removal. The threshold is determined by noise image standard deviation.The existing denoising methods are frequency filtering and frequency smoothing. These methods are having same drawback that the denoising process will cause loss of image information. The new frequency domain denoising method was wavelet based denoising. Wavelet transform require many coefficient for representing edges and thus take more memory. But the curvelet transform overcome this disadvantage that it takes few nonzero coefficients to discribe the edge.The loss of data in denoising using curvelet transform will be less compare to other methods and requies minimum number of curvelet coefficeints. Keywords— Standard deviation, Threshold value, curvelet coefficient,noise ratio,SNR,SSIM,variance

173-178

Authors: D. K. Shinde*, Y.N. More, A. S. Sonawane, V. S. Pawade, Dr. K. V. Kulkarni

Now a day’s many studies are being conducted on speaker identification between male and female voice. In our present study, we compared and found formant frequencies of male and female voice samples in a number of 12 Marathi vowels produced by 10 Marathi native speakers (Male and Female). Day by day voice related crimes are increasing rapidly across the world, e.g. Bribery, Ransom call, threatening and terrorist activities cases, etc. Hence there are lots of applications available on voice and speaker identification and as we know that, voice's uniqueness in the resonant frequencies proves that voice is unique. So we focused on Marathi native speakers (Male and Female), the voice comparison is made on the basis of resonant frequencies, Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and spectrographic analysis using Multi-Speech application. This technique uses Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and we compared formant frequencies of Marathi native speakers (Male and Female). Keywords: -Marathi native speakers, vowels, gender, voice analysis, formant frequency measurement, sound and pitch.

184-189

Authors: Sayed Salman1, Shaikh Farhan2, Sayed Mateen3, Junaid Khan4, Anand Bali5

-Combination of results from supervised and unsupervised classifiers is used to propose "A Decision Fusion Approach". In these the final output takes advantage of the power of a support Vector machine based supervised classification in class separation and also the capability of the unsupervised K-means classifier in reducing spectral variation impact in Homogeneous regions. Decision fusion approach adopts the majority voting rule and can achieve the same objective of object-based classification. Index Terms — Classification, decision level fusion, hyper spectral imagery

196-210

Authors: Vinny Wilson

An adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers and it plays an important role in today’s digital world. In processors and other kinds of computing devices, Adders are used in the arithmetic logic units. They are also utilized in other parts of the processors for calculating addresses, table indices, increment and decrement operations and other similar operations because it is the basic building block of on-chip libraries. Also, it can be used for the construction of many number representations and it is a trivial to modify an adder into an adder-subtractor. Full adder reduces circuit complexity and can be integrated in the calculators for addition and subtraction operations. At DSP oriented system and at networking side full adder is used mostly. Full adders can be cascaded (e.g.: ripple carry adder) easily so that one can make a cascade to add any number of bits that form the word-width of a system. In recent years, low power circuit design has been encountered as a major issue in VLSI design areas. This paper focuses on the Performance evaluation of 1-bit full adder for low power in CMOS technology using three different topologies as Static or Conventional CMOS, Gate Diffusion Input (GDI), and Hybridizing PTL (Pass Transistor Logic) techniques. This paper describes comparison of these three topologies of 1-bit full adder based on area, delay, power consumption and transistor count. Simulations are done using NgSPICE and MICROWIND DSCH tool. Keywords— CMOS Technology, Full Adder, Conventional or static logic, GDI logic, PTL, Hybridizing PTL, NMOS, PMOS, Pull up and pull down transistors, Multiplexer, sleep transistor, Xor gate, Xnor gate, SPICE, MICROWIND

216-225

Authors: R.O.Okeke, M.Ehikhamenle,

This work is to design and implement a Fire and Gas Detection System with water sprinkler using SMS Feedback. This system makes use of a microcontroller along with sensing circuit which will detect gas leakage and fire and with the help of an alarm system the system gives alert about fire or gas leakage and with the installation of a GSM modem SMS can be sent to notify the user if there is fire or gas leakage and if the fire occurs the water sprinkler sprinkles water on the affected area to reduce the effect of the fire. A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) displays the status of the system Key words: Gas Detection, sprinkler, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)