Business Inform

4-9

Authors: Manoilenko O. V.

The methodical basis of formation of the State regulatory integration economic policy on the basis of research of experience of integration processes in EU is considered. A retrospective analysis of the stages of integration of economies into a single European economy space showed that there was a long-term process involving gradual integration from microeconomic to macroeconomic levels, covering various areas and sectors of the national economy. Moreover, the transformations in the institutional, financial, monetary, and budgetary spheres are still ongoing, that is, there is a transition of integration processes from soft forms to harder ones. Harmonization and equalization of national economies with different potentials and specializations is not uniform, which requires significant subsidies from recipient countries and reduces the overall competitiveness of the association at the international level. The integration of Ukraine’s national economy into the single European economic space requires significant investment not only to restructure institutional, financial, budgetary and other State-based regulatory systems, but also to reorganize the activities of economic agents whose financial and investment opportunities are limited. To ensure the stability and competitiveness of economic agents of different economic levels, it is proposed to introduce such an instrument of the State regulatory policy as the creation of spatial hubs of interaction. The introduction of such instrumentarium allows to create key nodes (centers) of synchronization of institutional norms, financial and currency conditions of interaction of economic agents, which allows their gradual adaptation and investment in the development of priority sectors and areas of the national economy.

17-26

Authors: Khaustova V. Y., Reshetnyak O. I., Khaustov M. M., Zinchenko V. A.

Artificial intelligence belongs to the rapidly developing technological spheres and in the future will have significant consequences for both national security and defense capability. For many countries of the world, artificial intelligence has become one of the key priorities for the development of the defense complex. The article is aimed at identifying the main directions of the use of artificial intelligence in ensuring the country’s defense capability. The methodological basis of the article is literature review and analysis of general trends in the development of artificial intelligence technologies. The evolution of artificial intelligence was researched, which allowed to determine the following stages: the emergence of expert systems; development of machine and statistical training; development of the conception and technology of deep learning and contextual adaptation. Gartner’s predictions on the development of artificial intelligence technologies are analyzed and it is defined that the influence of deep learning methods, neuromorphic computing that simulate the neural structure and work of the human brain, competitive machine learning methods, analytics methods known as «small data» and «broad data» will increase in the future. The article analyzes the report «Science & Technology Trends 2020-2040» by the NATO Science and Technology Organization, substantiating the importance of using artificial intelligence to develop military capabilities, form strategic priorities in the sphere of weapons development and political decision-making. It is determined that the formation and development of military potential is expected to experience an increased impact of embedded artificial intelligence in the nuclear, aerospace, cybernetic technologies, technologies for the development of new materials and biotechnology; virtual/augmented reality; quantum computing; research of materials, etc. The authors determine possible directions of use of artificial intelligence in such areas as: C4ISR, weapons and their effective use, UxV, capability planning, CBRN, military medicine, logistics, cyber and information space, etc. The advantages of the use of artificial intelligence for the development of the defense capability of the world countries and significant threats that require further research of technologies and methods of artificial intelligence along with directions of their practical use in the sphere of defense and protection are identified.

33-37

Authors: Riadynska I. A.

The main purpose of thе presented article is to outline the role of the education system in the formation of human capital, the development of which is a prerequisite for the economic growth of the country. The article carries out a study of the theory of human capital as a defining component that ensures the process of development and accumulation of human capital, on which, in turn, the competitiveness of the country and its place in the world environment depend. The importance of educational resources in the creation of human capital is disclosed. The role of investments in human capital, and, in particular, in the educational process, is revealed. The relationship between the level of education and the employee’s salary is characterized. The main directions of influence of human education on the economic growth of the country are distinguished. The article specifies some recommendations that will ensure guarantees of the preservation of the education sector as a factor in the formation of high-quality human capital of the country. Education is defined as a fundamental form of investment in human capital. Lifelong education provides conditions for the formation of a qualified young worker as an individual and a professional in the chosen direction of training and further work at any enterprise. The main task of education is to provide the country with high-quality human capital for effective economic growth. Education has a positive influence on the labor market not only because it increases the competitiveness of workers, but because it accumulates potentially unoccupied young people. It is emphasized that the development of education and training contributes to solving such important tasks of socioeconomic development as accelerating the pace of economic growth, mitigating inequality in the distribution of incomes, improving the quality of the national labor force, directly reducing unemployment and preventing it in the future.

49-59

Authors: Shcherb I. N.

The article is concerned with assessing the state of economic security using the human-oriented approach. It is substantiated that at the macrosystem level, the economic security of the country will characterize such a state that, in case of exposure to external and manifestation of internal threats, depending on the degree of sensitivity, can ensure the preservation of its stability at a sufficient level from the point of living standards, preservation and development of human capital. To form a set of indices, indicators of the Inclusive Economic Growth and Development Index, computed by the World Economic Forum, are used. To select the relevant indices of official methodological recommendations for assessing economic security in Ukraine, they were examined on the basis of determining the degree of correlation with the values of inclusive development in the countries of the world. A content-based comparison of groups and the composition of indicators for assessing economic security in accordance with the methodological recommendations with the specified index indicated the presence of a significant divergence between them. Low impact on inclusive development in indicators of added value of industry to GDP, energy imports, livestock production and food production index, a discriminatory role of agriculture in inclusive development of the country are identified. The assessment model of economic security includes indicators of macroeconomic security, investment-innovation, financial, security for business, foreign economic, energy, security in the field of education and demography. Based on a sample of countries comparable in terms of incomes with Ukraine, the value of the complex of indicators of economic security of Ukraine for 2014–2020 is normed. The assessment of the integral index points out the average level of economic security relative to the level of incomes similar in countries. Macroeconomic and security for business activities are the worst. It is noted that the full use of indicators of inclusion in economic security is complicated by the lack of statistics for most countries, in particular, indicators of the welfare of the population from the point of view of accumulated assets. The conclusion is made about the need to develop household statistics for the adequate application of the human-oriented approach in assessing the economic security.

67-71

Authors: Kalinichenko S. M., Krupitsa I. V., Holovanova H. Y., Hribinyk A. V.

The formation of market relations cannot be imagined without an appropriate environment – market infrastructure, which should ensure the interaction of economic entities in the markets of goods, money, and labor. Tourism is an important branch of the national economy in view of the scale of its activities and the number of people employed in the economy. Organizational, technical, economic and financial issues that should be addressed on a daily basis, as tourism activities are directly related to customer satisfaction, are key factors in this sector. Tourism management with the use of an integrated approach is a complex process that is implemented using various methods. The Department of Tourism Service examines all key aspects of tourism business management, explores different methods and rules based on common management theories, adapting them to tourism activities. General methods of tourism management, production management, innovation management, personnel management and financial management related to the activities of the tourism business are also used. Management in tourism has a number of characteristic features due to the specific properties of services provided by touristic organizations. As an integrated type of activity, tourism includes the activities of subjects of different levels and can be directed towards achieving different results. The issues of organizing effective interaction between participants should be the focus of attention of all subjects of tourism activities interested in coordinating their actions and in the implementation of joint programs for the development of the industry.

79-86

Authors: Burennikova N. V.

The article is aimed at deepening the theoretical foundations of benchmarking and substantiating applied aspects regarding the feasibility of its use in the activities of enterprises in order to make and implement managerial decisions to increase the competitiveness and effectiveness of the functioning and development of enterprises as systems. The article emphasizes that the main issue of benchmarking is to clarify the factors of more successful and effective activities of some enterprises compared to others. In this context, it is substantiated that the approach proposed in the article is conceptual in terms of the enterprise’s desire to better and improve the effectuality of its functioning and development. Decisive in the use of a certain method is the choice of a number of indicators that characterize the objects and processes allocated when using benchmarking. As such indicators are used the author’s own indicators from the models of the components of the effectiveness of process, characterizing any process both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view. Scientific novelty is the disclosure of the author’s updated methodology for the application of benchmarking on the basis of the results of the studied effectiveness of the processes of functioning of enterprises using the models of components of effectiveness with the above articulated purpose with the implementation of multidimensional ranking and the detection on its basis of a leading enterprise to enable constructive comparative analysis. It is proved that in an unstable external competitive environment, the need to develop vectors of strategic orientation of the enterprise for the best results with the help of the so-called «etalons», such as leading enterprises, are allocated by means of multidimensional ranking. Comparative analysis can facilitate the adaptation of the effectiveness of performance of individual enterprises to best practices.

93-101

Authors: Herasymenko A. V.

The article is aimed at highlighting the peculiarities concerning the impact of bank lending to industry on the financial sustainability of banks in accordance with the current tendencies in the development of the national banking sector. The article considers the current situation in the banking sector, analyzes the dynamics of the main indicators of financial sustainability of banks. It is found out, which indicators of financial sustainability of banks constituted, amongst others, the basis of the indicators of lending to industry. It is analyzed how the state of lending to industry was reflected in certain indicators of financial sustainability of banks. In particular, the dynamics of industrial shares was compared and analyzed by sectors, in terms of the gross value added of gross domestic product and in terms of the bank loan portfolio of non-financial corporations, allowing to formulate conclusions on the efficiency of the use of bank credit resources by industry and the investment return on financial resources. The analysis on the equilibrium of financial flows of banks, as well as their ability to maintain their liquidity, being important indicators of financial sustainability of banks, was carried out using the indicator of the ratio of credit and deposit funds separately for industrial enterprises, non-financial corporations, and for the system in general. The nature of the impact of inoperable credit debt of industrial enterprises on the financial sustainability of banks is analyzed. The article discloses the main current tendencies of bank lending to corporate clients, including industrial enterprises, analyzes their impact on ensuring the proper level of financial sustainability of banks. The article proposes an author’s vision as to how the credit relations of banks and industrial enterprises should change, taking into account the experience of their cooperation in previous years and taking into account the modern realities of the national economy.

119-125

Authors: Priadko O. M., Tarasov I. Y.

The article analyzes, systematizes and summarizes scientific works of scholars with consideration of the issues related to the study of theoretical-methodological and applied aspects of promoting new innovative food products to the market. The article is aimed at studying the prospects of promoting to the regional market of restaurant enterprises a new whipped dessert, of the type of sambuc, with the addition of a modern additive «Nutrio-gem», which exhibits a wide range of effects: antioxidant, sorption, bacteriostatic, complex-forming, emulsifying, moisture-containing, moisture-binding, stabilizing, structural-forming properties. It is substantiated that in the context of the consequences of both the global pandemic and the hostilities in Ukraine, the issue of healthy and healing nutrition as a means of maintaining immunity and increasing the ability of the human body to withstand the negative impact of the environment becomes topical. To identify the potential demand for an innovative product and its possible perception by potential consumers, a marketing study was conducted in the form of a survey of respondents using the Google Forms platform. The goal was: to study the needs of buyers; carry out an analysis of compliance of product characteristics with the relevant requirements; selection of market segments for a new dish. In order to implement this work, a questionnaire was developed, consisting of interrelated, posed in a logical sequence questions. The sample size was 303 people. The time frame of the study: November – December 2021. The carried out work allowed to develop recommendations for bringing these products to the regional market and substantiate its market and consumer relevance in the current conditions.