European Journal of Psychological Studies

128-141

Authors: Sribas Goswami

During the last 40 years, our society has shown an increasing concern with respect to mental illness as major social problem. But still today most of the people of this country cannot make out the differences between mentally retarded and mental – illness. Medical, social sciences have made a substantial beginning in the form of researches towards this direction. It has been observed that interest is growing rapidly with respect to the problem of mental retardation. Such rapid growth in interest is involving more and more researchers doing studies on mental retardation which is in terms producing a large accumulation of data on the general condition with which mentally retarded individuals are associated. The aim of the study is to focus on psychological problems like family burden, social support, marital quality of life, social stigma and self esteem in caregivers of intellectual disabled children and blind children.

156-167

Authors: Oleg Lukyanov, Yana Chastokolenko, K. Kotikova

The research objective was to educe the main trends of remythologization of freedom and self-identity in creative youth subcultures. The sense of understanding and revelation of these trends is connected with the changes in different areas of transit, formation and accumulation of human potential in particular in the area of education and leisure. Without going into detail analysis of the modern world's demythologization, we have supposed that creative youth subcultures are the social and psychological answer of the youth to the current situation of illusiveness of the freedom of choice imperative that rules the mass culture. Why don't creative youth subcultures' participants limit themselves only to reading books? How do they choose freedom in creative youth subcultures? They play. The game gives them the opportunity to feel "the breath of archetypical form", to fulfill the character's description with their own life, and then the character (as in Tolkien's world) lives "on his own". There are three main myths which construct the conscience of a modern person. These are myths about Prometheus, Sisyphus and Narcissus. These myths are transformed by creative youth subcultures' participants into life grounds for their self-identity, in other words, there is a process of remythologization, and a myth is restored as a basis of life understanding. The logic of character's life is tripartite, it unites personal features of a player, a gameplay and an archetype. A player automatically actualizes the archetype by accepting the gameplay. The game logic and cultivated individuality of a person "turn" the archetype to its rising, sacred vector. There is a bright feature in subcultural reality of tolkienists. They actualize archetypes which combine personal problems of players and deep problems connected with Russian mentality. The participant even tell about "archetypical therapy". A typical result of "archetypical therapy" is transformation of negative "energy" of archetypes into positive. The most common variant is that negative, which is typical for the archetype, is "isolated" in subcultural reality and doesn't interfere the life. We suppose that the study of remythologization psychology should be continued, among other things in the perspective of changings in education strategies from project games, which are customary nowadays, to subculture forming games.

174-180

Authors: O. Austin Omomia, T. A. Omomia

B. F. Skinner’s theory of reinforcement emphasizes on the relevance of reward and punishment. This has impacted, to a large extent on the promotion of teaching and learning. In effect, Skinner’s theory has been applied often in most educational institutions. Students’ educational outcomes can be improved upon on the basis of positive reinforcements. This paper therefore, examined the relevance of skinner’s theory of reinforcement on school evaluation and effective school management. The paper applied psychological and sociological methodology in its research design. There is immense value in reinforcement (positive or negative) as a means of feedback to students, teachers and administrators. It is recommended that adequate feedback should be given to teachers to improve their output. And learners should be rewarded in order to improve their educational outcomes.

85-92

Authors: T. A. Omomia. O. Austin Omomia. C. U Chimezie. Gbenusola Akinwale

A student under stress can become tired, sick and unable to concentrate or think clearly. This study examined the perceived impact of stress on the academic achievements of Biology students in Education District IV of Lagos state. The research design used is the descriptive survey design method. One hundred Biology students were randomly selected using ballot method from four schools in education District IV. Four research questions guided the study. The research instrument used for collecting data is the Stress Assessment Scale for students (SASS). Simple mean method was used to analyze data collected. Some of the findings are that students experience stress most at the end of the term and that students perceive stress as having negative impact on academic achievement. It was recommended that teachers should pace their work adequately in order not to rush students at the end of the term. Also students should be taught stress management skills.

102-109

Authors: Victor A. Svetlov

The Drama Theory is an important branch of game theory invented by an English mathematician Nigel Howard (1934–2004). The study was done to find a rational conflict resolution strategy in the early 90s of the last century. Unfortunately, N. Howard didn't manage to finish his work; the theoretical part of his Drama Theory requires further logical-mathematical modernization and development. The article is the first step in this direction, which features the logical structure of Drama Theory and new theorems have reapproved its basic theorems.

47-55

Authors: Svetlana Novikova

The article presents the overview of reaction of protest - the transient form of children conduct disorder. The author describes the types of reactions and discloses the concepts of active and passive protest. The article analyzes examples from medical practice.

67-70

Authors: Jacob Owusu Sarfo

Insomnia is one of debilitating disorders that presents in many psychosocial and physical states. Several studies have focused on the evidence-based efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for sleep disorders over the years. Nonetheless, little have been done in the area of identifying the specific components, mediators and moderators associated with CBT for insomnia (CBT-I). This study aims at bringing to light the variables and mechanism supporting CBT-I. The systematic review shows that although CBT-I is noted as effective, much research is needed to validate its advancement.

7-11

Authors: Jacob Owusu Sarfo

This experiment observed the influence of channel of presentation and type of processing on the recall of meaningful words. This study used a 2 by 2 factorial design to randomly assigned 60 psychology students each into 4 groups; Visual Shadowed, Visual Non-shadowed, Auditory Shadowed and Auditory Non-shadowed groups. Participants in each specific group were presented with a list of 15 meaningful words depending on their specified treatment with an inter stimulus period of 1 second and further asked to recall after 30 seconds. Recall results indicated that there was no significant difference between auditory and visual channels of presentation in the learning and memory of meaningful words. However, participants whose processing was shadowed performed better than the non-shadowed group during recall. In addition, the experiment noted a significant level of interaction effect between the channel of presentation and the type of processing on the learning and memory of meaningful words among participants. This study has implication for both research and theoretical implications.

18-22

Authors: Dinara N. Pchelintseva

The article highlights the researches by Russian and foreign scientists, considering the topical issues of studying the psychological factors, influencing the people’s perception of each other, analyzes the behavior in conflict situations and reactions on stress, accompanying communications. Appropriate understanding of these factors appears to be essential in terms of realization of disputes settlement techniques, particularly, mediation. According to literary resources, the most essential of these factors are the following: functional state, its change influences the interpersonal interaction; individual style of activity, determined by sex-role orientation and social directions, formed within the cultural and sub-cultural levels; cognitive styles, their selection and the intensity of certain style can considerably influence interpersonal interaction; the choice of coping-strategies of controlling behavior.