BUJICT 2014

1-6

Authors: Jakaria Ahmad, Rumel M. S. Rahman Pir and Md. Mustafijur Rahman Faysal

Bluetooth is a technology, which uses a short-range radio link to exchange information, enabling wireless connectivity between mobile phones, mobile PCs and other peripherals. On the other hand, The Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) provides an alternative to the traditional LANs based on twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. Bluetooth and WLAN cause interference with each other, increasingly as they approach each other. Bluetooth causes more interference with WLAN than the other way around because of Bluetooth’s faster hop rate (600 times faster). Co-existence is another problem that both Bluetooth & WLAN face. To allow coexistence, they must never use the same frequency at the same time. Bluetooth is designed for quick, short-range networks and features better power consumption, small protocol stack, robust data and voice transfer, which make it perfect for a WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) but limited in terms of WLAN (Wide Local Area Network). This paper presents an overview over the co-existence, competition and interference between Bluetooth & WLAN. For proper presentation of this, radio interfaces of both the technologies are discussed here also.

17-22

Authors: Hla Myo Tun and Aye Thandar Phyo

The next generation wireless communications systems are envisioned to integrate multiple wireless access technologies (i.e., IEEE 802.11-based WiFi WLAN and IEEE 802.16-based WiMAX WMAN) to provide high-speed communications services to mobile users in a seamless manner. In such a heterogeneous wireless network, the users are able to access different wireless networks according to their preference, performance and cost. In this research, the radio resource management for this integrated heterogeneous wireless network will be proposed. At the mobile terminal, network selection algorithm will be developed to make the decision of connection (either WiFi or WiMAX or both) so that the QoS requirements are satisfied while the connection cost is minimized. An optimization problem will be formulated and solved for an optimal decision. In addition, the applications of this integrated heterogeneous wireless networks in vehicular network and eHealth will be explored.

28-36

Authors: T.Romen Singh, O.Imocha Singh, Kh. Manglem Singh, Tejmani Sinam and Th. Rupachandra Singh

Normally the quality of an image is improved by enhancing contrast and sharpness. The enhancement of contrast and sharpening of an image with a single function is a complex task. In real-time imaging, many complex scenes require local contrast improvements that should bring details to the best possible visibility of the image. However, local enhancement methods mainly suffer from ringing artefacts and noise over-enhancement. In this paper, we present a new adaptive spatial domain contrast and sharpness enhancement method, in which modified powerlaw transformations function is applied. Our algorithm controls perceived sharpness/smoothness, ringing artefacts (contrast) and noise, resulting in a good balance between visibility of details and non-disturbance of artefacts by controlled parameters. Its advantage over the standard power-law transformations is to enhance sharpness /smoothness and contrast with a single function by appropriate choice of control parameters. Sharpness control parameter can be also used to smoothen the image by taking the negative value of sharpness parameter. This method can be applied both to grey scale and colour images like Gamma Correction (GC). In the case of colour images, it is applied to each channel R, G and B separately.

43-46

Authors: Shahzad Memon, Syed Ghulam Sarwar Shah, Khalil Khoumbati and Imadad Ali Ismaili

Governments in several countries such as Pakistan are adopting the latest information and communication technologies to increase the efficiency of organizations and services. One of the major reasons for this is to transfer and store a large amount of very important government records as eDatabases (G-eDbases) such as the database managed by the National Database Registration Authority in Pakistan. This type of data is highly confidential therefore needs to be protected from an unauthorized access. Presently, access to these databases is based on software based authentication technologies such as password based encryption schemes, which can protect from an unauthorized access to some extent. This mode of authentication access can however be compromised. It is therefore important to use more secured and reliable methods to access to the GeDbases, which is increasingly important in the current situation of security in the country. In this paper, the authors suggest a hypothetical model of securing sensitive Databases using multibiometric technology that will replace the traditional password based access scheme and prevent unauthorized access to GeDbases.

62-66

Authors: Ajay Goel, O.P.Sahu, Sheifali Gupta and Rupesh Gupta

OCR is the acronym for Optical Character Recognition. This technology allows a machine to automatically recognize characters through an optical mechanism. Human beings recognize many objects in this manner our eyes are the “optical mechanism. Development of OCRs for Indian script is an active area of activity today. Optical character recognition (OCR) is the mechanical or electronic translation of images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text (usually captured by a scanner) into machine-editable text. In simple words OCR is a visual recognition process that turns printed or written text into an electronic character based file. OCR is a field of research in pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and machine vision. Though academic research in the field continues, the focus on OCR has shifted to implementation of proven techniques. A lot of work had been carried out for OCR at international scenario but in Indian context a concrete approach for character recognition is still required as scripts of Indian languages are from the group of most complex scripts and it is very hard to recognize them. Indian scripts present great challenges to an OCR designer due to the large number of letters in the alphabet, the sophisticated ways in which they combine, and the complicated graphemes they result in. The problem is compounded by the unstructured manner in which popular fonts are designed. There is a lot of common structure in the different Indian scripts. All existing OCR systems developed for various Indian scripts do not provide sufficient efficiency due to various factors. The objective of this paper is to discuss a more efficient character recognition technique. This paper introduces a new technical approach to recognize Indian script characters which are unpredictable due to different problems in other OCR’s.