Izvestiya Vuzov. Prikladnaya Khimiya i Biotekhnologiya

9-16

Authors: M.N. Ustinova, O.E. Lebedeva, V.I. Kurdupova

The destruction kinetics of benzoic acid and its two derivative pharmaceutical preparations, furosemide and repaglinide, were studied in UV irradiated aqueous solution. The photodestruction of these preparations in the presence of hydrogen peroxide vari-ous concentrations was also studied. Out of all the studied reagents, the active substance of furosemide, 5-aminosulfonyl-4-chloro-2- (2-furanylmethyl) aminobenzoic acid was found to be the most susceptible to photodestruction. Conversely, repaglinide is highly resistant to photolysis, while the introduction of hydrogen peroxide slightly increases the destructive efficiency. The UVirradiation method can be used to destroy some medications based on benzoic acid derivatives

31-38

Authors: D.V. Lygdenov, E.V. Sordonova, S.D. Zhamsaranova

The lack of microelements and the development of hypo-microelementoses lead to suppression of the antioxidant system, represented by enzymatic and non-enzymatic components and intensification of oxidative stress. In particular, during the dysfunction of the thyroid gland caused by lack of iodine intake, the level of lipid peroxidation products and the intensity of formation of reactive oxygen species changes and an imbalance in the pro- and anti-oxidant system occurs. In this work, pro- and antioxidant systems of the animal organism in conditions of iodine deficiency under experimental hypothyroidism and subsequent correction with organic forms of iodine and zinc were studied. The state of the antioxidant system of the experimental animals was assessed by the amount of reduced glutathione, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the totalcontent of antioxidants in serum. The degree of development of oxidative processes in the body was assessed by the accumulation of malonic dialdehyde. In experiments involving 30 non-native white male rats, it was found that experimental hypothyroidism (25 mg / kg of tyrosol for 14 days) caused an intensification of the processes of peroxidation and inhibition of both the enzyme and non-enzyme links of the antioxidant system. The introduction of the investigated microelement organic forms restored not only the level of thyroid hormones, but also inhibited the processes of lipid peroxidation, while restoring the activity and level of enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidants

102-107

Authors: T.A. Kirdey

Phytoremediation is a promising technology for cleaning soil and water from toxic heavy metals. It is known that humic substances possess the capability of increasing the intensity of metal absorption by plants. In this connection, the effect of humic preparation from peat on the accumulation of lead by wheat plants was studied for lead nitrate concentrations increasing up to 500 μM / l in a model vegetation experiment in aquatic culture. A significant increase in the accumulation of lead in wheat shoots (above 1000 mg / kg) was established under the progressive action of lead nitrate in comparison with the pronounced effect, indicating the possibility of using wheat as a phytoremediant. Humic preparation strengthened the phytoremediation properties of wheat, estimated by the coefficient of biological absorption: up to 5.4 times with a pronounced effect and up to 2.6 times at a gradual level, which confirms the possibility of using humic substances as phytoextraction effector.

122-125

Authors: E.V. Verkhoturova, V.K. Gaida

Modelling of the process of subcritical autohydrolysis of wheat straw for optimising the conditions for the maximum yield of sugars was carried out. As a result of the correlation analysis, it is established that the processing time has the most pronounced effect on the yield of sugars. A mathematical model of the process is found and optimal conditions are established: temperature - 200 ° C, pressure - 30 MPa and duration - 60 minutes

27-38

Authors: A.K. Martusevich, A.A. Martusevich, R.L. Vesnin, A.A. Alalykin

The aim is a comprehensive study of the products created by the Airnergy Professional Plus generator. Two series of experiments were carried out to clarify the composition of the gas phase generated by the Airnergy device, as well as its effect on pH, oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen concentration in distilled water with 0.9% sodium chloride solution during bubbling with the investigated gas flow. The results of the gas flow analysis have confirmed the presence of a modification of the air flow by the generator and the formation of intermediate and final products of radical reactions initiated by the synthesis of singlet oxygen in the stream itself. On the basis of the analysis of a number of physicochemical parameters, experiments on liquids indicated that the ozone and singlet-oxygen mixtures do not have the same effect on these media, which indirectly indicates significant differences in their component composition and oxidative potential

46-53

Authors: M.A. DZHAKASHEVA*, B.SH. KEDELBAEV*, P. LIBERZEIT

A study into the effect of a new enzyme preparation Pectinol F-RKM 0719, used in the production of red table wines dur-ing maceration, was carried out. The investigated enzyme prepa-ration Pectinol F-RKM 0719 was previously isolated from the cul-ture liquid of the Aspergillus awamori F-RKM 0719 strain, ob-tained through multistage selection and mutagenesis at the De-partment of Biotechnology of the South Kazakhstan State Univer-sity named after M. Auezov. As a result of the development of a combined method of purification and isolation of a pectolytic en-zyme preparation, a preparation with a higher polygalacturonase activity was obtained having a sufficiently high yield of the desired product. The method is based on the sequential removal of individual groups of inactive impurities from the enzyme solutions using activated carbon and anion exchange resin. The use of hy-droxyapatite allows the activation of pectinases to be achieved by removing low molecular proteins. The absence of pectin substanc-es and carbohydrates makes it possible to use it in winemaking to clarify the best varieties of wine and remove the wine stone, which consists of the pectic substances of grape juice. The use of a new enzyme preparation in the process of maceration contributes to increasing the yield of mash from grape pulp, facilitating the pulp pressing and clarification of wine materials by reducing the vis-cosities and suspensions of the mash, as well as increasing the ex-traction of phenolic and colouring substances. The efficiency of enzymatic catalysis in the production of red table wines is demon-strated.

60-74

Authors: A.A. Sikachina*, S.M. Beloglazov*, L.K. Yagunova

The process of adsorption of organic nitrogen-containing and phosphorus-containing compounds into iron atoms, which amounts to 97% in St3 steel, is described. The adsorption process was modelled using the HyperChem 8.0.7 quantum chemical package using the semi-empirical ZINDO / 1 and two molecular mechanics methods to optimise the geometry. It was found that this approach accurately reflects the process of protecting steel from corrosion with microbiological content by chemisorption of an organic compound on the metal surface to form a complex ad-duct. In the course of the study, charges were obtained and ana-lysed according to heteroatoms, the charge density (averaged per iron atom), the composition of the resulting compounds and energy diagrams of the adsorption complex-adduct formation on the basis of the studied molecule.

84-91

Authors: L.V. Plotnikova, A.P. Nechiporenko, S.M. Orehova, M.V. Uspenskaya, P.P. Plotnikov, A.L. Ishevskiy

A comparative study of the effect of successive aqueous, salt and alkaline extractions on the spectral characteristics of the surface of ground pork muscle tissue and its main components was per-formed using attenuated total reflectance IR spectroscopy (ATR - IR) and electron spectroscopy of diffuse reflectance (ESDR). It is shown that, unlike IR spectroscopy, which is a method of group analysis of functional groups, the ESDR method makes it possible to test the component composition of complex biomaterials – proteins, lipids, carbohydrates. The high resolution, sensitivity and informativity of the method are determined by the discreteness of electron excitation energies of oxygen lone pairs present in carbonyl groups. These carbonyl groups are found in almost all materials of biologic tissue components, although belonging to their different types – sarcoplasm, muscle fibre as well as stroma and its proteins.

99-109

Authors: А.Sh.Теvfik, I.V. Mitrofanova

The aim of the study was to investigate means of morphogenesis and explant regeneration characteristics in in vitro culture and to develop biotechnological methods for micropropagation and conservation of promising garden varieties of Canna. The experiments were conducted in the plant biotechnology and virology laboratory of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, National Centre of Science. For the induction of adventitious shoot development of explants, a Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium was used having 30 g / l of sucrose, 10 g / l of agar-agar with BAP and TDZ growth regulators. For the in vitro deposition, explants (vegetative buds and meristemoids) were placed on a modified MS medium having 60 g / l of sucrose and 0.2-0.4 g / l of CCС. The culture vessels with explants were transferred to cooling chambers with a low positive temperature (2-6 ° C) and an illumination of 0.1-0.5 klx. It was found that for active adventitious shoot formation during cultivation of Dar Vostoka and Suevia explant varieties, it is necessary to add 1.27 mg / l of TDZ to the MS nutrient medium, and 1.91 mg / l of TDZ for the Livadia variety. It is shown that for the deposition of meristemoids of Dar Vostoka, Livadia and Suevia varieties, the nutrient medium of ½ MS with 0.15-0.25 g / l of CCC is optimal; for adventitious shoots of the Suevia variety, the optimal nutrient was ½ MS with 0.2 g / l of CCC

16-20

Authors: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL TESTING FOR PESTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF 9-ARYL-N-ARYL, ALKYL-SUBSTITUTED 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-DECAHYDROACRIDINE-1,8-DIONE DERIVATIVES Pyrko A.N.

The purpose of this work is the synthesis and pesticidal activity testing of 9-aryl-N-aryl, alkyl-substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-decahydroacridine-1,8-dione derivatives which could become the basis of plant protection products. The substances investigated were obtained by three-component heterocyclization of primary amines with aromatic aldehydes and dimedone. The synthesized compounds were tested for certain types of insecticide (against toxoptera graminum, musca domestica, meloidogyne incognita, heliothis virescens, diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, caenorhabditis elegans), fungicidal (against drechslera, erysiphe, puccinia, peronospora) and herbicidal (against amaranthus retroflexus, brassica rapa, abutilon theophrasti, alopecurus myosuroides , avena fatua, echinochloa crus galli) activities. All synthesized compounds have shown promising insecticidal activities against toxoptera graminum. 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, N-2-phenylethylsubstituted, 9-(3,4-methoxyphenyl)-, N-2-carboxyethyl-substituted and 9-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-octylsubstituted derivatives have shown significant herbicidal activities against amaranthus retroflexus. 9-phenylN-methyl-substituted derivative was active against amaranthus retroflexus, brassica rapa, and abutilon theophrasti. Only this compound showed antifungal activity against drechslera

33-43

Authors: Leushina А.P. , Mamontova E.V.

Conditions for obtaining of quasi-binary salt system (Na2SO4)1-х(Gа2(SO4)3)х are developed and the length of the region of its homogeneity is defined (х 0.00-0.07). The solid electrolyte (Na2SO4)1-х(Gа2(SO4)3)хis first synthesized, its conductivity by cations of gallium (III) is found. In the composition range 1.0-9.0 mol.% of (Gа2(SO4)3)х and the temperature range 373-723 K transport properties are investigated: electric conductivity, numbers of the electron transport, the diffusion coefficients of gallium (III) cations. The possibility of using a solid electrolyte (Na2SO4)0,95(Gа2(SO4)3)0,05 in the composition of an electrochemical cell for coulometric titration of lead telluride (Pb1±δTe) is shown, temperature range 553-673 K of its operation is determined.

54-63

Authors: Дитченко Т.И. , Шабуня П.С. , Фатыхова С.А. , Молчан О.В. , Юрин В.М.

Цель работы - анализ состава гидроксикоричных кислот и их производных в каллусах Eсhinacea purpurea в зависимости от типа питательной среды. Установлено, что в водно-этанольных экстрактах из каллусных культур, также как и травы эхинацеи пурпурной, доминирует цикориевая кислота. Использование продукционной питательной среды для культивирования каллусной ткани приводит к существенному повышению уровней накопления производных кофейной кислоты (цикориевой, кафтаровой, хлорогеновой кислот), что позволяет рассматривать полученную культуру в качестве перспективного биотехнологического источника фармакологически ценных фенилпропаноидов.

72-79

Authors: T.M. Luong, I. A. Nechaeva, K.V. Petrikov, A.E. Filonov, O.N. Ponamoreva

In this study it was reported, that significant biosurfactants produced by Rhodococcus sp. X5 grown on nhexadecane, are succinoyl trehalose tetraesters. The structural characterization of trehalolipids was determined based on MS/MS and GC/MS analysis. Succinoyl trehalolipids from Rhodococcus sp. X5 exhibit high surface activity (27 mN/m) and emulsifying activity (E24 - 55%). Biosurfactants were characterized by the next physico-chemical indications – minimum surface tension (27 mN/m), critical micelle concentration (4,1·10-5 mol/l), hydrophilic - lipophilic balance (7-8), the maximum number of molecule adsorbed per unit area (1,27·10-5 mol/m2), the minimum area per molecule biosurfactant (13 nm2), Gibbs free energy of adsorption (–35 kJ/mol). The results demonstrate that studied trehalolids are capable to increase wetting the surface of hydophobic compounds by water and to form type of emulsion “oil/water”.

89-91

Authors: N.A. Sidorovа, S.A. Trofimova

Results of this work are directly connected with a problem solution in complex processing of ore enrichment waste at the mining enterprises. In order to optimize the biotechnological transformation processes ore concentrate was studied for microbial activity of mesophilic chemotrophic microorganisms due to their ability to extract metals from ore dumps at the Kostomuksha mining plant. In the experiment biogenous leaching solutions were used. Efficiency of ore leaching was estimated by change of quantity of bacteria, redox potential, acidity and concentration of metal. Due to chemotrophic microorganisms in the ore transformation process metal yield improvement was achieved by 63% compared with traditional chemical leaching. The effect is mediated both by direct oxidation of metals in ore composition, and additional ore oxidation by reoxidated microorganisms in solution

105-112

Authors: Hoang Quang Cuong, S.N. Evstaf’ev

Heat treatment of wheat straw biomass in the environment of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is executed at temperatures of 80, 100, 120 and 140 °C using ultrasonic frequency of 44 kHz and a power of 10, 30 and 50 W. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were isolated from straw after treatment. The resulting fractions of polysaccharides were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using preparation Tsellolyuks A. The change of the mass concentration of sugars yielded in the enzymatic conversion of straw polysaccharides depending on the heat treatment process factors (temperature, duration and power) was investigated to optimize the heat treatment process by mathematical modeling using Design-Expert 8.0.5.2 program. The temperature of 103 °C, processing duration of 5 minutes and the power of 48.5 W were found to be optimum conditions for the maximum yield of sugars. The discrepancy between the predicted and experimentally obtained sugar yield was 1.8% that confirms the validity of the received model

122-127

Authors: S.B. Romadenkina, A.V. Kruzhalov, E.V. Lobankov, A.Yu. Zemlyakov

The comparative assessment of physical and chemical parameters of dolomite powder and ashes of shale was carried out. One of the main indicators of mineral powders is an indicator of bitumen content was determined experimentally. Prepared asphalt concrete mixes containing dolomite powder and ashes of shale were tested for the main operational characteristics (ultimate compression strength in different conditions; water saturation). The results of the experiments suggested the possibility of replacing expensive dolomite powder by the cheaper ash powder.

135-143

Authors: L.P. Nilova, T.V. Pilipenko, A.A. Vytovtov

The aim of the work was to study the composition of biological active agents in rice oil of different producers, and their influence on resistance to an oxidizing stress. Objects of researches were rice oil: refined «Basso» (production of «Basso Fedele & Figli S.R.L.», Italy); refined «Mastr'Olivo» (production of «Pietro Coricelli SPA», Italy); natural «Dial-Export» (production of LLC Butas, Russia). Biologically active agents were determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry on a gas chromatograph «MAESTRO 7820A», γ-oryzanole was detected by a spectrophotometry (solvent – n-heptane); vitamin E content was estimated by EmmeryEngel's method with orthophenantroline. Rice oils differed by γ-oryzanole and vitamin E content. γ-oryzanole content (mg/100 g) was found to be correspondingly in rice oils: «Basso» – 406.54, «Mastr'Olivo» – 516.92, «Dial-Export» – 565.49; vitamin E content (mg/100 g) – 88.1; 85.6; 98.8 respectively for oils. The oxidizing stress was modelled by rice oil holding at a temperature of 120 °C within 5 hours. IR-spectrums were recorded each hour. Oxidizing destruction has happened only for the 5th hour of thermal influence. Use of IKspectroscopy has given the chance to calculate oxidizing coefficients of rice oil on the oxidation beginning stage (K1 and K2) and oxidation process end (K3 and K4). K1 and K2 were 100 times more, than K3 and K4 in all oils, that speaks about prevalence of initial processes of oxidation. Very high vitamin E content in rice oil even at high content of γ-oryzanole causes stronger oxidizing destruction

151-156

Authors: O.A. Nikonova, E.V. Karpenko, E.A. Selezneva

The aim of the research was to assess the qualitative parameters of canned paste meat containing mix of vegetable oils: pumpkin and mustard. The oils were included at a stage of forcemeat drawing up in various ratios. The organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indexes of canned meat, made with oil mix introduction are defined. A content of fat-soluble vitamin in the test and control samples of canned food was also ascertained. The results of the research show that oil mix addition doesn't worsen functional characteristics of canned meat and allow using oils as additive to meat raw materials in the formulations of canned meat. Oil containing canned meat meets microbiological standards. Oil mixture insert enlarges A and E vitamins amount without other indicators change for the worse.

164-171

Authors: A.S. Merzlyakova, A.A. Okolelova, V.N. Zaikina, A.V. Pasikova

Petrochemical plants are the permanent sources of anthropogenic impact on soil. Up to now, in Volgograd there has been no a comprehensive assessment of their impact on the state of the soil cover performed. Existing standardized methods for the determination of petroleum products in soils have large discrepancies in results. In this regard, there is a need to improve their interpretation. The accumulation of phenols, hydrogen sulfide, lead and mercury not detected. With increasing concentration of petroleum products in the soil the content of organic carbon (Cоrg) increases due to the organic carbon of anthropogenic origin.. Direct dependence between the concentration of petroleum products and organic carbon content and pH was found

181-184

Authors: I.S. Cherepanov, G.M. Abdullina

Dialyzable fractions of brown polymers synthesized in amino-carbonyl interaction of D-lactose with ptoluidine under condition of acid catalysis in aqueous-ethanolic media was studied by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. To study of the fraction’s compositions and their dialysis dynamics two parallel series spectra of dialysates were measured. It is obtained that non-nitrogenous derivatives in dialyzable fractions are presented as weakly colored products with furan structural fragments, the main nitrogenous component is p-toluidine eliminated by the Amadori rearrangement product’s degradation.

19-30

Authors: M.Ya. Ioelovich

When samples of various polymers are heated, there is a monotonic change of various physico-chemical, physical and chemical properties until achieving of certain transition temperatures at which an abrupt change in properties of the polymers is observed. Cellulose is known to be a linear stereoregular semi-crystalline polysaccharide composed of anhydroglucose units joined by 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide has a complex supramolecular structure consisting of ordered crystallites and less ordered noncrystalline domains. This review article contains the description and discussion of temperature transitions in noncrystalline domains of cellulose. It has been shown that due to structural heterogeneity the non-crystalline domains have three temperature transitions of relaxation type, where the α1 transition at 490-500 K and α2 transition at 380-410 K are caused by the occurrence of segmental mobility in dense mesomorphous and less packed amorphous clusters, respectively; whereas the β transition at 260-300 K is related to the mobility of small segments in loose packed amorphous clusters, which probably are located on the outer surface of cellulose fibrils. Under the action of water and other plasticizers all three isophase transitions are shifted to lower temperatures. Along with α and β transitions, also low-temperature γ transition at 180-200 K is observed due to mobility of hydroxy-methylene groups in noncrystalline domains of cellulose.

40-49

Authors: M.A. Zasovskaya, S.K. Ignatov

Parameters of formation reactions of complexes and water clusters, thionyl chloride and its hydrolysis products in a gas phase were investigated by methods of quantum and chemical simulation B3LYP/6– 311++G(2d,2р), MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ and G4. Structural and thermodynamic characteristics of such complexes as H2O(H2O)n,n=1–5,7, SOCl2(H2O)n, H+(H2O)n, OH–(H2O)n, Cl–(H2O)n, SOCl+(H2O)n, (SOCl2(H2O)n)–, SOCl(OH)(H2O)n, n=1–4; HCl(H2O)n, n=1–5 were determined. Various variants of formation and decomposition of these particles were considered. It was found that we should consider reactions of neutral clusters (H2O)n and SOCl2(H2O)n as the most probable channels of hydrolysis

57-62

Authors: Yu.V. Nurminskaya, F.S. Malkov, S.V. Bakhvalov

The analysisof fluctuating asymmetry is a widely acceptedmethodfordetermining the extent ofanthropogenic impactson ecosystems. However the given method requires meticulous measurements and of calculations, many of which still poorly are automated which makes it difficult widespread use of this method in the implementation of environmental monitoring. We bring to attention a software development project automation of morphometry leaf, including the computation of the fluctuating asymmetry

177-183

Authors: S.O. Mamedova

Bioadsorbents are widely used for heavy metals removal from different media. Isothermal characteristics of adsorption processes including bioadsorbents applying are widely discussed in special literature. However, the less attention is paid to adsorption capability and the quantity of adsorbed heavy metals ions dependence from bioadsorbent concentration. The aim of present research is to optimize serial process of heavy metals bioadsorption using bioadsorbents modified in different levels. The condition was found to achieve maximum heavy metals ions removal. The optimization procedure for heavy metals removal using the modified bioadsorbents was suggested

189-192

Authors: I.A. Kozlov, R.M. Garipov

The potential of plant biomass as source of renewable energy, biological, and chemical feedstock is used inefficiently. This is due to the fact that existing processes of biomass chemical treatment are inferior in efficiency to petrochemical processes being catalytic for the most part. A new industrial catalyst to use for deep complex processing of plant biomass and its waste has been developed. Integrated environmentally sustainable technology, including catalytic processes for the production of pulps both civil and dual use, recycling lignocellulosic waste into valuable organic products is proposed. The new technology allows reduce the harmful gas sulfur emissions up to 75%