International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics

19-27

Authors: Güzin GÜL , Ali İŞMEN, Mukadder ARSLAN İHSANOĞLU

Sparidae family is one of the most important demersal group for Turkish fisheries. When considering the importance of Turkey fisheries, population parameters of Pagellus acarne Risso, 1827 have a many proposition for future fisheries studies. Studies of biology and population parameters of this species are very limited in the Aegean Sea; therefore we aimed to determine population parameters (length-weight relationship, age and growth parameters, mortality rates and reproductive season) in order to obtain a data for the future studies. We caught 2673 Pagellus acarne specimens between September 2006 to September 2008 from monthly samples at depths ranging from 20 to 500 m in the Saros Bay using a commercial bottom trawl net. Total length and weight range from 3.5 to 27.1 cm, 1.93 to 314.5 g, mean length and weight were 14.0±0.05 cm, 35.6±0.46 g respectively. The length-weight relationship was detected W=0.001*L3.054, which indicated positive allometric growth. The high GSI value was in September. The data on maturity stages indicated that length at 50% maturity (L50) for females 18.1 cm TL for males 15.3 cm TL. The age data derived from sagitta otoliths reading were used to estimate the growth parameters and ranged from 1-4 aged. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters of the total were L∞=30.63 cm, K=0.26 year-1, to= -0.95. The instantaneous total mortality was Z= 0.72 year-1, the natural mortality M = 0.54 year -1, the fishing mortality F=0.19 year-1 respectively. The exploitation ratio (E) of the stock was found as 0.26. Pagellus acarne is the most important marine fish species with high commercial value for both Turkey coast and all the Mediterranean basin. This study aims to define basic population parameters which should be needed for further fisheries studies and management strategies in the in Saros Bay, the North Aegean Sea. Anahtar Kelimeler

33-38

Authors: Disha MEHTA Shital H. SHUKLA Manik H. KALUBARME

In the present study on winter crop growth monitoring in different villages in Kapadvanj Taluka of Kheda district was carried out using multi-temporal Sentinel-2 multi-spectral data (spatial resolution 10-m). Multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data covering study area for the winter crop period from November-2018 to March-2019 was downloaded from https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/. The major objective of this study was to monitor site-specific crop growth in different villages of Kapadvanj Taluka by generating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) profiles of major winter crops. The spectral behavior of wheat, potato, bajara and castor crops during active growth stages was studied and it was observed that the spectral response of wheat and potato crops have quite distinct spectral behavior. However, castor and bajara crops do not show distinct spectral behavior. In this study, from the NDVI profiles of different crops it was observed that very distinct growth stages like early growth stage to flag leaf emergence which correspondence to rising of NDVI, followed by flag leaf emergence to flowering and grain filling stages which corresponds to maximum NDVI and finally physiological maturity stages corresponding to declining of NDVI of all the winter crops.

49-56

Authors: Kirtan CHAUHAN , Jinal PATEL, Shital H. SHUKLA, Manik H. KALUBARME

Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary, a natural freshwater lake (a relict sea) that is the largest natural wetland in the Thar Desert Bio-geographic Province and represents a dynamic environment with salinity and depth varying depending on rainfall. For maintaining ecological balance in coastal and inland environments, wetlands play an important role and the changes in wetland environment can be monitored using satellite remote sensing technique. The present study was carried out using Landsat-7 TM (Feb-2002), Landsat-5 TM (Feb- 2009) and Sentinel-2 multi-spectral data (Feb-2018) covering Nalsarovar area in Ahmedabad district. The study area of Nalsarovar with 10 km buffer was extracted from the satellite digital data. Various spectral indices like Normalized difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) were generated for better identification and delineation of water body and aquatic vegetation in the Nalsarovar. The composite images of these indices were also generated to map and monitor changes in water spread and aquatic vegetation in the Nalsarovar. The water spread and aquatic vegetation in the Nalsarovar along with the land use classes were mapped using False Colour Composite (FCC) images of differed years. The result indicates that the water spread in Nalsarovar has changed from 2002, 2009 and 2018 depending on the monsoon pattern during these years. During drought year of 2002 total precipitation was very less resulting drastic reduction in the water spread in Nalsarovar. The aquatic vegetation has changed from 146.81 ha during 2002 to 510.93 ha during 2018. The land use change indicates that agriculture land, built-up, water body & wetland has increased and barren land, salt affected area has decreased. The aquatic vegetation in Nalsarovar was clearly visible on composite images generated using NDVI, NDWI and NDTI of different years. This study gives clear idea for land use change detection and water spread monitoring using two different techniques using Composite image of NDVI, NDWI and NDTI.

65-77

Authors: Sachin SUTARİYA Ankur HİRAPARA Momin MEHERBANALİ M.k. TİWARİ Vijay SINGH Manik KALUBARME

This paper presents the potential for soil moisture (SM) retrieval using Sentinel-1 C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data acquired in Interferometric Wide Swath (IW) mode along with Land Surface Temperature (LST) estimated from analysis of LANDSAT-8 digital thermal data. In this study Sentinel-1 data acquired on 27 February 2020 was downloaded from Copernicus website and LANDSAT-8 OLI data acquired on 24 February 2020 from the website https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/.The soil samples were collected from 70 test fields in different villages of three talukas for estimating soil moisture content using the gravimetric method. The Sentinel-1 SAR microwave data was analysed using open source tools of Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) software for estimation of backscattering coefficient. Land surface temperature estimated using Landsat-8 thermal data. The Landsat-8, Thermal infrared sensor Band-10 data and operational land imager Band-4 and Band-5 data were used in estimating LST. The Soil Moisture Index (SMI) for all field test sites was computed using the LST values. The regression analysis using σ0VV and σ0VH polarization with soil moisture indicated that σ0VV polarization was more sensitive to soil moisture content as compared to σ0VH polarization. The multiple regression analysis using field measured soil moisture (MS %) as dependent variable, and σ0VV and SMI as independent variable was carried which resulted in the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.788, 0.777 and 0.778 for Godhra, Goghamba and Kalol talukas, respectively. These linear regression equations were used to compute the predicted soil moisture in three talukas. The maps of spatial distribution of soil moisture in three talukas were generated using the respective regression equations of three talukas.

92-99

Authors: Emre ERDAN , Fatih ERSAN, Kubilay GÜÇLÜ

One of the most difficult professions in history, sponge diving/fishing was widely practiced in the Mediterranean World in 19th and 20th century by Turkish, Greek, Italian and North African divers. Natural sea sponges are the main materials of the profession which extends from here to the North America in mid-20th century. Our earliest data indicate that the sponge, which is well known by many ancient texts used in ancient times, especially in cleaning, medicine, carpentry, mining, chemical industry, and military equipment, was provided by mankind to 4500 BC. The ancient texts are rich in terms of information about the usage of sponges as well as information about sponge-divers. There is a consistent similarity between the centers of the Modern Age and the centers in these ancient texts which convey information about how and where the profession is practiced. The main reason for this situation should be related to the distribution map of the valuable sponge species that human beings can use in their daily life in the Mediterranean World. The information conveyed by the modern age sponge-divers and their families show that these people wandered the Mediterranean along the sponge resources. It shows that these sponge-divers are not only interested in sponges but also supply valuable textile products especially from the Eastern Mediterranean ports and market them in their countries. In this respect, the contribution of the sponge-divers -who can be defined not only as a professional group but also as a merchant- to the acculturation process of the Mediterranean has not been realized except for a few studies. The absolute, compulsory, and continuous supply of sponges needed by the common toilets and bathrooms that serve millions of people, especially in the Greek-Roman Periods, is the most important proof that sponge diving/fishing was an important profession. When we examine the sponge fishing history from the ancient times to the Ottoman Period and almost today for some amateur sponge divers, there is an invariant technique for the sponge divers. When the sponge divers reached to the bottom of the sea, they spout the olive oil from their mouth. According to Oppian and Evliya Çelebi, the sponge divers use this method for the similar purpose, however the explanations of Oppian and Çelebi are too different from each other’s. In this study, by considering physical and chemical laws, we analysis these two different examination for the oil-expuition. We determined that the people who lived in ancient ages realized the refraction of waves, and Snell’s law before the mathematical equations found.

106-109

Authors: Selin Gamze SÜMEN, Bayram ÖZTÜRK

Lionfish have highly toxic venom and envenomation may result in a wide spectrum of complaints in humans ranging from sharp pain to infection and necrosis of the soft tissue. Symptoms of lionfish envenomation include sharp pain, swelling, redness, bleeding, nausea, numbness, anxiety, joint pain, headache, dizziness, and even anaphylactic reaction resulting in death. Treatment involves applying immersion of the affected area in hot water at 42-45 0C for 30-90 min, analgesics, tetanus toxoid, and antibiotics. Complications such as soft tissue infection, bone-joint infection, and even tissue necrosis may appear due to the tissue damage of unnoticed fish spines or other foreign bodies. A 36-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of swelling, redness, and hardness on the joint of his middle finger. The patient had a history of a sting by a lionfish while he was swimming a month prior. After consulting with the radiology department, the patient was diagnosed with embedded foreign bodies in the puncture wound. He underwent two surgical repairs and his wound healed without complication. Functional recovery of the affected area of the extremity was achieved by the medical support of a diving physician who is familiar with the health problems related to the marine environment. In addition to the case presentation, we also discuss the history, clinical manifestations, and current treatment for envenomation from this venomous animal. As the population of this species has been increasing, scientists should focus on taking action at a global, regional, national, community, and individual level for solutions. It should be a priority to create awareness and prepare strategies related to prompt diagnosis, initial treatment, and prevention of the injury.