Herald of Almaty State Institute of Advanced Medical Education

14-25

Authors: Zhetpisbaeva N.K. , Tashenova G.T. , Myrzabekova G.T.

In this article, the research proves that the existing problem of iron deficiency anemia in young children remains relevant and remains a subject of research interest. Studies have been conducted to study the factors of iron deficiency, which are not only medical but also social. The issues of diagnosis and treatment, including different methods of solving the problem. Prevention of iron deficiency anemia includes activities in different periods of development of the child: from intrauterine life of the fetus to the age of 3 years. At the same time, an important role is given to drug therapy, correction of nutrition with iron- containing products and a healthy lifestyle. According to statistics, the share of IDA remains high in the Republic of Kazakhstan. So in 2017, there were only cases of iron deficiency anemia in 1805 per 100 thousand population, and in 2016 – 1812.6. Among children from 0 to 5 years old, who fell ill with IDA in 2016 and 2017, intensive indicators were 73.8 and 72.6 per 1000 children. Almaty takes the 11th place with an indicator of 83.3 per 1000 children from 0 to 5 years, which is higher than the national indicator by 110%. These figures indicate the urgency of the problem of iron deficiency anemia and the need for a detailed study of the prevalence of IDA among young children in Almaty in 2018, which was the basis for this study.

40-48

Authors: Kaidaulov M.K., Turdaliyeva B.S., Aimbetova G.E., Meirmanov S.K.

The article presents an analysis of the results of studies of samples of blood serum of patients by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), performed in the first half of 2018 in the clinical diagnostic laboratory of the SANA Medical Center. Since sexually transmitted infections belong to the category of socially significant and socially- related diseases and represent one of the most important public health problems. The social significance of STIs is determined by the fact that these diseases lead to a decrease in the labor and reproductive potential of the nation. STIs are among the five major categories of diseases for which adults seek medical care, and can lead to acute symptoms, the development of chronic infections and serious long-term consequences, such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, cervical cancer and premature death of babies and adults. Since the problem of diagnosing an STI is relevant, it is important to emphasize that the ELISA method is a leader among the methods used for screening studies, and can be successfully used to recognize STIs.

59-69

Authors: Kaidaulov M.K., Turdaliyeva B.S., Aimbetova G.E., Meirmanov S.K.

The availability and quality of medical care largely depend on efficiently organized activities of physicians and nurses. Regulations play a key role in organizing activities of general practitioners and nurses. Therefore, purpose of the study was review of regulatory acts regarding general practitioners and nurse’s activity in order to determine changes or tendency on regulatory acts. As well as analyzed changes in workload of general practitioners and nurses. This study was conducted through reviewing changes and additions in legal acts regulating activities of general practitioners and nurses. Overall, 25 regulatory documentations and scientific publications were analyzed. Sources of legal acts and scientific publications were website www.zakon.kz, Republican Center for Healthcare Development. The results of the study showed that there are many legal acts that govern activities of general practitioners and nurses. During content analysis of legal acts were identified inequality of physicians and nurses. For example, general practitioners belong to highly qualified specialists, while nurses to specialists of secondary qualification, although in recent years in the national health care system have been trained nurses with higher education. In addition, nurses belong to B3 unit, while general practitioners are categorized as B2. These facts reduce the status of nurses. Healthcare development programs giving priority on development of primary care, increasing number of general practitioners, improving status of general practitioners and nurses. As well as there is a downsizing of general practitioners’ district, and a gradual reduction in workload of general practitioners. For example, in 2018 according to legislatives 1700 population comes to 1 general practitioner. Changes in order on preventive medical examination and target groups shows that workload of general practitioners and nurses still remain higher comparing with 2011. This is because target groups for cervical and breast cancer in 2017, were expanded compared with 2011. The results of research shows, those functional duties of nurses are expanding. For instance nowadays nurses can individually accept patients on medical organization and may delegate home visits. According to results, general practitioners acquire skills in following areas: obstetrician- gynecology, internal diseases, pediatrics, therapy, nephrology, etc. Nurses acquire skills in following areas: propaedeutic of internal diseases, nursing in pediatrics, nursing in surgery, nursing in obstetrics and gynecology, nursing in epidemiology, clinical pharmacology, nursing in neurology and general practice nurse. The analysis shows that domestic nurses acquire skills for admitting and consultation of patients with chronic diseases.

79-86

Authors: A.B. Kumar, L.K. Kosherbaeva, K.K. Kurakbayev, S.B. Kalmakhanov, A.K. Izekenova, A.K. Abikulova

Meeting the needs of helping people living with multiple or even one chronic disease is a challenge for society. The costs of health care and the costs of social benefits for people with chronic diseases are high, so managing chronic diseases requires better coordination of patientcare. The quality of treatment of patients with chronic diseases can improved by adopting a more systematic and structured approach to care and increasing the patient’s ability to self-manage, meet their own needs and manage their chronic condition. All interventions, such as ranking people according to their risk, multidisciplinary team services, and self-government support, have the potential only if the public health aspects are takes into account.

93-100

Authors: Shmygaleva A. , Johanna Heikkilа, Ospanova D.

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Emergency Department (ED) nurses are first in line to recognize and witness a patient’s cardiac arrest. They are closer to the patient than the physician or emergency doctor. In addition, ICU and ED nurses are responsible for initiation of cardio- pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as well as post-cardiac arrestmanagement. The patient’s successful recovery after in-hospital cardiac arrest is directly dependent on the nurses’ competency. ED and ICU nurses provide care and monitoring for patients in critical condition, which requires sufficient theoretical knowledge, excellent practical skills, awareness of actual modern protocols of emergency conditions, and confidence in their actions. The lack of knowledge and proficient skills among nurses put patients at risk for adverse outcomes. The aim of this literature review is to explore the status of ICU and ED nurses’ education in advanced life support (ALS) in worldwide literature in order to determine main trends in improving nurses’ ability to perform high-quality CPR. The literature review was conducted through searches from several databases such as CINAHL, PubMed, and Google scholar. 14 peer-reviewed English language articles published between 2012 and 2019 were chosen for the review. As a result of the study, it can be stated that in-situ mock code simulation is a progressive and effective method of education for all health care providers (physicians, nurses, paramedics). Usage of high-fidelity manikins for ALS training is proven to enhance skills performance at course conclusion worldwide. In-situ simulation (ISS) with high-fidelity manikins should be implemented in each medical facility. The training should be conducted according to a comprehensive schedule to increase nurses’ confidence and practical skills in CPR.

108-114

Authors: D.I. Kupensheeva, D.Ospanovа

Relevance: In many foreign and European countries, nursing staff form the basis of primary health care. For example, in the Swedish health care system, nurses play an increasing role, providing highly skilled care to patients with chronic and complex conditions (such as diabetes, bronchial asthma, heart failure, mental illness); they are also granted a limited right to prescribe medicines. In Swedish medical centers, a patient is first examined by a nurse with a higher education who can then refer the patient to a general practitioner or hospital.

120-129

Authors: Basics of a multidisciplinary approach in preparing a pregnant woman for childbirth at the clinic level.

This article presents a literature review of the Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane databases and through a regular browser search in Russian and English. We have found 180 articles, 62 of which have been in the last 8 years. The purpose of the review was to understand the essence, goals and objectives of a multidisciplinary approach in preparing a pregnant woman for childbirth. And also to determine the benefits for both women and specialists in this model of organization. Basics of a multidisciplinary approach in preparing a pregnant woman for childbirth at the primary health care level.