ECCOS, REVISTA CIENTÍFICA

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Authors: Bárbara Jhose Pereira

Pedagogia da Convivência: Elza Freire – uma vida que faz educação, de Nima I. Spigolon.

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Authors: Ligia de Carvalho Abões Vercelli

Jogos e brincadeiras: tempos, espaços e diversidades, de Tizuko Morchida Kishimoto e Maria Walburga dos Santos (Orgs.)

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Authors: Raquel Silva Santos, Heryka Cruz Nogueira

Educação Superior em Iberoamérica - Informe 2016, de José Joaquim Brunner e Daniel Andrés Miranda & Relatório da Educação Superior na América Ibérica: Brasil, de Roberto Leal Lobo e Silva Filho

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Authors: Maristani Polidori Zamperetti, Fabiana Lopes de Souza, Flávia Demke Rossi

This paper presents a research developed in the group named "Research, Teaching and Training in the Visual Arts" (CA / UFPel). Through interviews with teachers working in the education network of the Municipality of Pelotas, RS, during the period from 2012 to 2014, it was sought to identify the relationships they establish between their practices, experiences and teaching and personal experiences, based on the Reference of Charlot (2000), García (1992), Larrosa (2000) and Tardif (2002). The information contained in the research allowed reflection and knowledge about teacher education, professional practices and working conditions in the public network, enabling knowledge about teachers and their professional trajectories, their teaching practices in Visual Arts, among other subjects.

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Authors: Deise Mancebo

The article presents the results of research that discusses the outsourced work, taking as an empirical reference the situation of the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Throughout the text, the following are analyzed: (1) outsourcing and ongoing “labor reform”; (2) the impacts of the recently approved Law of Outsourcing, and (3) outsourcing in UERJ, where, after a brief characterization of the Rio de Janeiro State crisis, both methodological procedures and the main results of the investigation are exposed. In the final considerations, the possible impacts of the extension of the outsourcing to the principal activities of the public university are discussed.

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Authors: José Gómez Galán

La interacción entre plataformas virtuales desarrolladas con sistemas de software como Moodle, de tanta implementación para los campus virtuales de la Educación Superior, y el reciente modelo pedagógico que ofrece el fenómeno MOOC (Massive Online Open Courses), basado en la masividad y gratuidad de la formación, ofrecen nuevas perspectivas en la configuración de las estructuras académicas, docentes y científicas universitarias. En el presente artículo, una investigación teórica basada en el método de modelación, se tiene como principal objetivo analizar y estudiar las especiales características y formas de ambos fenómenos, y las posibles interacciones que se pueden producir entre ellos en la creación de futuros modelos de enseñanza en Educación Superior.

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Authors: Marinalva Raimundo Lima, José Viegas Brás, Maria Neves Gonçalves

We have a responsibility to build the citizenship. State a decisive role in the process of construction of the common good. In order to find out the impact that the teaching of Human Rights has on training of students and the sense of questioning the awakening of a critical consciousness necessary for the exercise of citizenship, we have done this study in three elementary schools. In the methodology we used three survey techniques: 1st documental analysis; 2nd application of a questionnaire to 450 students; 3rd interview to 30 teachers. The results allow us to say that Human Rights are not being properly processed in the process of training of young. Not representing all the reality of the teaching in Brazil, but they are important indicators. The unsettling conclusion tells us that the school is not doing his social function, a fundamental condition for the expansion of democratic life and the exercise of citizenship.

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Authors: Celso do Prado Ferraz de Carvalho, João dos Reis Silva Júnior

In this article, we discuss educational policies that have been defining the Brazilian postgraduate in the last decades. In the context of the transition from the monopolistic regime of accumulation to that of accumulation under financial predominance, we highlight the current search for transformation of this postgraduate in the molds proposed by World Class University. In this purpose, we initially recovered the post-graduation organization trajectory, expressed in different plans formulated in the last decades. Following we present data on investment in research and training of cadres resulting from this expansion. Finally, we briefly analyze the V National Postgraduate Plan for the period 2011-2020, trying to show how it incorporates and expresses aspects of this movement

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Authors: Cristiane Sousa Brito, André Rodrigues Guimarães

This article aims to analyze the expansion of higher education in the frameworks of National Education Plans (PNEs), in the perspective of confronting the regional inequality in Brazil. It considers the laws and the documents formulated to orientation of education as important sources of research, in order to reflects policies designed to redress the regional inequalities. The methodology used consists of the bibliographical and documentary research. The results produced informs that the PNEs did not represent solutions to the problem of regional inequality in the expansion of higher education. It concludes that the expansion of this level of education occurs asymmetrically and continues to confirm the social exclusion in the regions North and Northeast of Brazil.

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Authors: Adolfo Ignacio Calderón, Carlos Marshal França, Armando Gonçalves

This article addresses the evaluation of higher education through academic rankings. It analyzes the five rankings produced by newspapers of great circulation, existing in the Ibero-American space (50 Carreras - Los Mejores Centros Universitarios, from the Spanish newspaper El Mundo, Ranking de Calidad de las Universidades Chilenas, of the Chilean newspaper El Mercurio; Ranking Universitário Folha – RUF, from the Brazilian newspaper Folha de São Paulo; Las Mejores Universidades do jornal mexicano Reforma, from the Mexican newspaper Reforma; and Mejores Universidades of the Mexican newspaper El Universal), presenting tendencies, similarities and specificities, existing in conceptual and methodological terms. A descriptive-analytical, comparative study was carried out through bibliographical and documentary research. All rankings spell out the mission of guiding the choice of future college students and rank universities and undergraduate courses. Methodological diversity is evidenced, with indicators with varied predominance (objectives, subjective or hybrid) and of several natures (focusing on products, inputs or hybrids).

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Authors: Márcia Fusaro

Walter Benjamin: uma biografia, de Bernd Witte. Tradução de Romero Freitas Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2017. 160 p.

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Authors: Eduardo Santos e Manuel Tavares

Editorial Eccos number 43 year 2017

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Authors: Juliana Monteiro Vieira, Cristiano Ferronato e Dinamara Garcia Feldens

We seek to ref lect on the multiple dimensions of teacher aesthetics, both macro and microstructural. We evoked a discussion about the existential state lived in contemporary times, which inevitably affects the school and the teaching profession. In this context, we are faced with a general illness that inhabits the macro dimension of this profession. On the other hand, it was also tried to evidence the subjective productions that illustrate the constant exercise of a microaesthetic, relative to the manufacture of the difference.

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Authors: Fernanda Antônia Barbosa da Mota e Heraldo Aparecido Silva

á Abstract: The purpose of this article is to present a possible course for the study of t human formation within the philosophy of education and also to offer a preamble about i our version of the philosophy of Deleuzian education. The study is based on theoretical c references such as Jaeger (1995), Chauí (2002), Paviani (2003), Pagni and Silva (2007), Gallo o (2007; 2008), Deleuze and Guattari (2010), among others. Initially, we favor the relations between Philosophy and Education in antiquity (Paidea) and modernity (Bildung),emphasizing the most inf luential philosophical ideas for education. In contemporaneity,we highlight some of the most expressive theoretical contributions constituent of the Brazilian educational philosophical scenario: Dewey, Adorno and Deleuze. Finally, the article shows that Geophilosophy of Education connects rhizomatically the philosophical and educational territories without incurring the linear reproduction of the history of philosophy or education, but looking for platforms for the creation of new concepts.

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Authors: Denise Aquino Alves Martins

This study aims to identify aesthetic elements in teacher education, which were constituted through crossings derived from the memories of (self) formation narrated by a group of students of the Pedagogy Course (UFT) participants in a project called Mobilizar-te. The research is anchored with the (auto) biographical method in the potentiality of memory as a training tool. In the article we present fragments of the interview with 8 graduates of the Pedagogy Course; Written statements, separate notes in notebooks, group reports. To look at this movement that is made of marks, to unsettle a previously thought out form is to feel the vitality of the time produced in the teaching that has wove itself with the other.

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Authors: João Guilherme da Silva Arruda e Fernando de Souza Paiva

This paper intends to expand the debate about homeschooling in Brazil, presenting an overview of this new reality in the Brazilian educational scenario. The research in progress is the result of an investigation started with the achievement of the Licentiate Degree in Education held at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (LIPEAD / UNIRIO) in 2014. Our main objective is to investigate the feasibility of homeschooling insertion as a modality in the Brazilian educational system. The text exposes the reality of this modality in Brazil, and brings important considerations and ref lections about the homeschooling practice, which, despite its historical legacy, only recently returned to the Brazilian educational debate. Other equally relevant phenomena, regarding the Brazilian educational reality are exposed in the course of research, such as economic, managerial, moral, ideological and political issues, which are cross-sectional variations in this debate.

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Authors: Paula Alves Molarinho, Mário Pinto Simões e Luis Miguel Vicente Afonso Neto

The unstructured families have been increasing and, consequently, also the school failure in young adolescents from these families. These present more and more psychological disorders of difficult control. In this study we highlight the loss of quality of life of these young people and risk deportments. This essentially quantitative research allowed perform an intervention in the school through relaxation techniques applied by Simões (2003, 2013) and associated to the contents of positive psychology and used by Neto and Marujo (2004, 2011). These include guided meditation techniques already applied in the health area. From research about the representation of teachers and the role of parents in the school (Faria; Pedro, 1995), and later on the representation of parents on teachers’ identity (Faria; Tavares, 2011), It can be concluded that both have specific roles and an important mission in the educational process. Following these studies, we questioned the interest of parents and teachers (educational stakeholders) about which values they consider most important to develop in school with their children and that may be directly associated with their deportments. For this purpose, we applied an appreciative survey (from the scope of positive psychology), as used by Marujo; Neto; Caetano e Rivero (2007), which allowed us to determine the most important values to be applied to young people, more balanced deportments and better learning. The calculated values seem directly associated with the forces of character designated by Seligman & Peterson (2004) in the scope of positive psychology. This auscultation of the opinion of the educational agents allowed the realization of the “base-line” for the construction of the visual analogue scale that measured the evolution of the students throughout the intervention. The results point to significant differences, over time, in the groups where the intervention was performed.

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Authors: Ana Maria Haddad Baptista

Estranhos à nossa porta, de Zygmunt Bauman Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2017. 119 p.

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Authors: Mauricio Pedro da Silva

Apresentação do dossiê.

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Authors: José Henrique Arzani

O poder e o conhecimento: introdução ao pensamento de Michel Foucault, de Ricardo Luiz de Souza Salvador: EDUFBA, 2014, 201p.

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Authors: Maria Angélica Penatti Pipitone, Karen Missy Aki Komada

The objective of the study is to analyze how a campus teacher from the University of São Paulo focused on agrarian sciences was constituted in the teaching of higher education, identifying the challenges and the solutions related to this trajectory. For that, a questionnaire on the subject was elaborated and applied to the teachers members of the coordination of the graduation courses from the university campus that is the target of the research. The research was quantitative and qualitative and sent to a universe of 246 teachers, results showed that approximately half of the 39 teachers interviewed do not have pedagogical preparation; however, they have alleviated difficulties through new career experiences. In addition, they have demonstrated characteristics of good professional development, since they know the pedagogical project of the course and by having their teaching plans susceptible to changes due to changes in society and the world of work

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Authors: Stela Meneghel, Jaana Flávia Fernandes Nogueira, Sofia Lerche Vieira

The University of International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (Unilab) was established in 2010 in the context of the International Guidelines for Higher Education given by the Unesco’s World and Regional Conferences. This article captures the context, the origin and the foundations of the Unilab proposal and makes a brief assessment of the objectives achieved after its initial five years. It points out some of the main problems in its implementation: a) maintain a systematic dialogue with institutions and research partners; b) promote a flow of annual inflows and the exchange of foreign students; c) training faculty with knowledge and experience of the reality of African countries. Given this context, it is recalled the contribution of the educator Paulo Freire, as a way to subsidize the reflection about how, despite the current difficulties, the university can maintain consistency with its original proposal, regardless of the limitations imposed by the scarcity of financial resources and bureaucracy.

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Authors: Regina Maria Michelott, Michelle Fernandes Lima

This article is the result of studies carried out in the Research Group: State, Policies and Management of Education (PPGE / UNICENTRO) in the line of policies for higher education in Brazil, as well as the doctoral research on the thinking of Álvaro Borges Vieira Pinto On the University Reform of 1968. Then to discuss about the method in question, the authors analyze the democratization processes of the superior education utilizing exemples such as the italian situation in the 1990s, the Cuban revolutionary experience and politicies above the theme in the brazilian context. The chosen methodology allows the contradictions to be exposed configurating different interpretations about the democratizing processes, it points out that several times what is considered “democratization” of the university misrepresents the real meaning of the expression. In the chosen exemples, it was found that the Cuba process is the closest to a democratic model.

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Authors: Denise Regina da Costa Aguiar

This article aims to study the influence and contributions of the thought of Paulo Freire in the education systems, and more specifically, the proposed public educational policy, in the Municipal of São Paulo in the period 1989 to 1992 and the Municipal of Diadema, in the period 2005 to 2008, with the aim of illustrating the theory empirically Freire. The reseach has been developed through dissertations, analysis produced located in the CAPES database. In such study case it was used the following procedures: document verification, observation on the side of the participant and interviews performed. The results of such research here presented demonstrate that a public policy proposal, popular and democratic, a Freirean perspective is characterized by a school project bold, innovative, permanently under construction, another way of doing school, because it causes a break with activities and knowledge so ingrained in the organization of school in a banking concept of education focused on the selectivity and expulsion, particularly the lower classes access to knowledge, culture, the right to “be more” finally, the right to human ethic.

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Authors: Eduardo Santos

Especially since the emergence of the processes of market integration (globalization) and cultures (globalization), which marks the contemporary world economic and political order, the efforts of academic communities, policymakers and national governments of the Latin American countries combine in the direction of reconfiguring their higher education systems and policies based on one word: internationalization. In this scenario, there is a dialectic that tends to confront (not necessarily oppose) the local/national historical demands of inclusion and professionalization of citizenship, by definition referred to the Nation-State, to the imperatives of a geopolitics of knowledge commanded by dynamic centers of capitalism, which in turn are based on a defined (and prestigious) model of higher education, the world class universities, according to criteria pointed out and measured by international rankings, thus characterizing a process of transnationalization rather than internationalization. In this work, we identify the most classic forms of internationalization historically adopted by Latin American higher education systems and policies, and then analyze the institutional response offered to internationalization requirements with the recent implementation of a Brazilian federal university: the University of Latin-American Integration (Unila), highlighting its strong relationship with the Brazilian foreign policy of regional integration for the territory covered by Mercosur. We defend the understanding that Unila is guided by institutional, curricular and epistemological conceptions that are alternatives to hegemonic models and that potentially represent a vision of higher education policy that seeks another configuration for the geopolitics of knowledge in Latin American space. This work presents preliminary analyzes of the researches (bibliographical, documentary and field) carried out under the project “Observatory of the Popular University in Brazil”, developed by the Postgraduate Program in Education of the University of Nove de Julho (PPGE-Uninove), with support from Capes.

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Authors: Thiago Valim Oliveira

Sendo o quinto livro da coleção “Querer Saber”, a obra Fazer Educação, Fazer Política: Linguagem, Resistência e Ação é organizada por Eunice Macedo, membro do Instituto Paulo Freire de Portugal.

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Authors: Antonio Germano

O livro Culturas, Identidades e Narrativas é uma reunião de cin¬co textos que pretendem uma reflexão a respeito de aspectos ligados à identidade, cultura e memória, num tempo em que debater estas questões torna-se imprescindível não só para a Academia, mas, sobretudo, para a sociedade em geral, tendo em consideração as problemáticas da diversida¬de cultural, do encontro entre culturas que a globalização possibilita e os respectivos choques e conflitos culturais. O respeito pela diversidade e a aceitação das diferenças culturais constituem o pressuposto ético funda¬mental numa sociedade democrática que se pretende cada vez mais inclu¬siva e participativa. O texto de Ana Maria

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Authors: Sandra Rosa Gomes dos Santos

Recentemente publicada, esta obra, organizada por Manuel Tavares e Mônica Todaro, tem por finalidade apresentar o resultado da experiência da imersão internacional na Bolívia (La Paz) – módulo internacional –, que foi constituída por duas dimensões: acadêmica e cultural. Os estudan¬tes souberam ler o mundo à sua volta, interpretaram da melhor maneira os objetivos formulados inicialmente pelos professores que prepararam o módulo, surgindo esta belíssima coletânea, que apresenta um conjunto de ensaios cuja produção decorreu da experiência internacional dos estudan¬tes e professores de mestrado e doutorado, além da participação dos pro¬fessores Luís Claros e Jorge Viaña, professores de pós-graduação do Cides, que, pelo observado, tiveram contribuição fundamental para a conclusão e relevância do módulo internacional.

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Authors: Ivanete Bellucci Pires de Almeida, Sueli Soares dos Santos Batista

As has been given to building guidelines and curriculum architectures assuming the relationship between education and vocational training as education has been adopted as central to a national policy of preparing young people in the labor market? This question needs to be problematized seeking to theoretical and practical responses in a context in which rediscuss guidelines for high school involving training for work as something external to the National Curriculum Common Base (BNCC) under review. This text is a discussion on the relationship between vocational education (PE) and high school (MS) from a historical overview and proposed to the debate with the background of the National Curriculum Common Base (BNCC), reform high school and Provisional Measure 746/2016.

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Authors: Luciane Pandini-Simiano, Márcia Buss-Simão

This text has the intention to contribute to the discussion of national curriculum basis, focusing on the challenges and opportunities of the Common National Curriculum Basis of Basic Education for early childhood education from the proposal of Experience Fields. For this, it is organized into three parts, the first, from the Brazilian educational legislation, presents a set of guidance documents that support the educational politics in early childhood education and highlight the right of children to education. In the second time discusses the Common National Curriculum basis for early childhood education and its organization proposal from Experience Fields. In sequence concludes pointing the possibilities and challenges of experience fields in early childhood education.

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Authors: Hilda Aparecida Linhares da Silva Micarello

The article analyzes the process of drafting the BNCC in reference to the wider political context in which this process is being gestated, the various voices that it is expressed and the challenges of orchestrating these voices in writing the second draft of the base document. It shall carry out a raid to official documents in which BNCC is referred to and the Base Portal, virtual space, created by the MEC to collect and gather contributions on the draft texts of the base. They are addressed also some progress and limits of this second version of the document and pointed out the threats to the democratic process of their development in the context of the current political crisis in which the democratic rule of law is at risk. The approach of Richard Bowe and Stephen Ball policy cycle is the main conceptual tool used in the current analysis.

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Authors: Maria Luísa Bissoto

The article discusses the possibilities of an education for autonomy, centered on the principles of socio-communitarian education. The aim is to define an understanding of socio-communitarian education as listening from the diversity of ideological conceptions and educational practices, which dispersed in everyday social life, constitute the subjectivity of the subject. Methodologically is a conceptual elaboration, whose theoretical frameworks are grounded in Freirean perspective and Human Capabilities Approach, as advocated by Sen and Nussbaum. The results are expected to foster new perspectives to focus on education for autonomy and emancipatory education, based on flowering areas of social interaction, in which it is possible to retrace dialogical sense as to what it means to educate.

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Authors: Aldimara Catarina Brito Delabona Boutin, Simone de Fátima Flach

From documentary and bibliographic research, the article presents considerations about the concepts of youth advocated by some non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that propose to develop actions with young people. From the historical and dialectical materialism and considering the urgency of reflection on these concepts in the design and strengthening of ideologies that legitimize the capitalist system initially presents a reflection on the youth issue on the agenda of international organizations and the influence thereof on the definition of public policies for youth. Later analyzes the prevailing conceptions in projects of some NGOs who work with youth. In conclusion: the concepts advocated by international organizations are present in the analyzed NGOs and youth participation can raise awareness of the urgency of overcoming capitalism and lead to a process of emancipation.

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Authors: Jorge Luis Cammarano González

In this paper, we discusses the relationships and mediations between bullying phenomenon and educational practices of the social being in the scholar context. The problem that guides the topic tenses the possibility of a conception and treatment of this phenomenon from the perspective of the individual’s adaptation to what determines the dominant logic behind the capitalism or from the perspective of practices that feed the possibility of an emancipatory education. Having this goal, we discuss the concept of bullying and examine a children’s tale entitled The Bull and the Pig, considering some important aspects of the current social reality.

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Authors: Adalberto Dias de Carvalho

The emergence of human and social sciences historically occurs in the context of the assertion of the positivist assumptions as structuring elements of the very concept of science. However, if those sciences, in the name of objectivity and methodological rigour, have asserted themselves since the outset, by adopting models which were not always adjusted once they were reductive, the truth is it was from this dynamic that the concept of prevailing scientificity turned out to be questioned, such, by gradually accepting the coexistence of a multiplicity of epistemological referential. We refer here in particular to the qualitative methodologies, the stochastic theories and the paradigm of complexity. A path also covered by the educational research from which it emerges the new place of philosophy of education.

1

Authors: Graziela naclério forte

Caio Prado Júnior: Uma Biografia Política de luiz bernardo Pericás são Paulo: boitempo, 2016. 504 p. A atuação política de Caio Prado Júnior

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Authors: Antonio Joaquim Severino, Carlos Bauer

Eccos – Revista Científica é a publicação oficial de difusão acadêmica do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação – PPGE, da Universidade Nove de Julho – Uninove. A revista é publicada, ininterruptamente, desde 2001, difundindo manuscritos que tenham sua fundamentação na área educacional e no campo das humanidades, alcançando, neste instante, 40 números, o que nos parece dimensionar o seu dinamismo e a vigorosa presença dessa atividade editorial no debate público e acadêmico educacional. Eccos – Revista Científica pública artigos resultantes de pesquisas originais, reflexões, ensaios, resenhas críticas e aportes teóricos e metodológicos na área educacional. O seu objetivo maior é contribuir na difusão de trabalhos e pesquisas acadêmicas que se inscrevam no campo da ciência da educação, oferecendo acesso livre e imediato de todo o seu conteúdo através do www.uninove.br/revistaeccos e inspirada no princípio da ampla e irrestrita difusão do conhecimento. Ela também tem buscado contribuir para o processo de aglutinação dos autores em torno de dossiês temáticos e efetivar a ampla, irrestrita e gratuita divulgação dos seus estudos e pesquisas na área da educação.

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Authors: Marilda Pasqual Schneider, Aline Sartorel

The article analyzes symbolic forms of regulation and control of the actions developed by schools of basic education under the influence of large-scale assessment policies. The study is guided by the question: What meanings are assigned to the national examination called ‘Prova Brasil’ and which forms of regulation and control can be observed in school organization and teaching? Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and questionnaires to managers and teachers of public schools run by municipal government. The results show that the national examination ‘Prova Brasil’ represents Revista Científica an important mechanism of symbolic control of public school actions due to its association with ‘Ideb’, the current official indicator for quality assessment of basic education in Brazil. Schools and education networks have been yielding to the unseen forces that guide this examination, even skeptical of its potential for inducing effective change for education quality improvement.

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Authors: Marcio Mugnol

This article analyzes the implementation of distance education in higher education from the development of their legal frameworks in Brazil. We intend to show that the initial position of the MEC, under the management of Paulo Renato minister, was virtually indiscriminate opening of the federal system of higher education for the operation of the distance mode by the private sector. This policy was mainly being revised from 2007, already in Fernando Haddad management with the creation of a new institutional framework for both the supervision and for evaluation of institutions and courses.

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Authors: Daniele Ramos de Oliveira, Célia Maria Guimarães

We present results of research conducted during a course of Post-Graduate Edu- cation of Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". This initiative was with the intention of making an investigation of the type state of knowledge, using me- thodological procedures focusing on literature review. The research aimed to examine the main themes, issues, proposals and results conveyed articles in national journals in the field of education and the texts of the meetings of the National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Education, published between 1999 and 2009 on the work the teacher and the curriculum of early childhood education. The contributions from these studies, grouped into different dimensions, we point out aspects that constitute challenges to the formation of teacher education.

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Authors: Eliane souza de Carvalho, lindamir Cardoso Vieira de oliveira

This article presents the administration of the curricular reorientation that oc- curred in the municipal district of Dourados-MS in the period 2001 to 2008, trying to describe the official proposal of the process of curricular reorientation and to identify the barriers and facilitators in the materialization of the management. The investigation was developed in a qualitative perspective through observation, bibliographical research, a documental corpus and interview with directors, coordinators and teachers of four schools that lived the process. The results evidenced that there was not an effective participation in the moments of conception nor in the definition of the implementation strategies and/ or evaluation of the proposal. In respect to the development and/or reinforcement of the autonomy through the administration, this was compromised, because there was not wide consultation on the implanted methodological alternative. The power relationships inside and outside school stayed unaffected. The results confirm the complexity in the materialization of the democratic administration in the context of the municipal public administration.

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Authors: Isaura Santos Alves, Isabel Rodrigues Sanches, Cláudia Pais Tavares,

Johnson and Johnson (1999), Bessa and Fontaine (2002), Freitas and Freitas (2003) Fontes and Freixo (2004) amongst others, present cooperative learning as a me- thod which develops cognitive and social skills in students. This article is based on a Masters Research in the field of Special Education. Its demeanour was to implement the jigsaw method in a class of 10 to 12 year-olds with four students that had different special educational needs. The main purpose was to obtain academic success for all students, promoting involvement in their own learning as well as their classmates. We followed the research-action methodology; we applied qualitative research techniques which enabled data collection, allowing us a full-understanding of the prior problematic scenario and the after-intervention assessment. The jigsaw method led to academic success for all students and to an improvement of the interactions in the group.