News of the Ural State Mining University

7-16

Authors: V. A. Dushin

The article contains summarized results of the study of Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic magmatic complexes of the North Urals; there are three age levels of the plume-type intraplate magmatism: Permian-Triassic alkaline-acid (Torasoveysky, Levdievsky, Pon'insky complexes), Triassic-Jurassic trappean (Musyursky, Yatyinsky complexes), and Jurassic-Cretaceous alkaline-basite (Yalyayakhinsky, Marunsky, and Osoveisky complexes). The author shows their confinement to transverse disjunctive structures discordant to the general submeridional structure of the folded system. For the first time the author provides results of studying the isotope age of magmatites and describes their geochemical and metallogenic specializations. Thus, the Late Permian-Early Triassic stage is characterized by the manifestation of alkaline-acidic magmatism and associated mineralization of rare metal-albitite (Ta-Nb-Th-U) with gold and platinoids (Taykeusky, Longotsky deposits), quartz-fluorite and carbonatefluorite (Amderminsky deposit), and gold-copper-molybdenum-porphyry (Levdievsky manifestation) formations. The ore objects of the Triassic-Jurassic stage due to the magmatism of trappean type are represented by small objects of gold-porphyry (Petropavlovsky deposit) formation, as well as by deposits of crystal, Iceland spar (Khasavarka, Pelin-gichey deposit) and agates (Harbeysky-Yagodny manifestation). The productivity of alkaline-basite-ultrabasite magmatism formations, attributed to manifestations of mantle and crust-mantle types, is of interest primarily for their probable diamond content (Nemziyakhinsky complex). In addition, alkalinebasite magmatism is promising for the manifestations of mercury, tungsten-mercury (Malotal'beysky, Sfinks manifestations), gold-quartz-sulfide with platinoids (Penzengoyakhinsky manifestation and others) and quartz-antimonite (Verkhnekhanmeisky, Slavkino ore manifestations) formations. The author makes a conclusion on the connection between the magmatism of the Urals and the processes that occurred in the foundation of the West Siberian plate.

24-33

Authors: V. N. Ogorodnikov, S. G. Sustavov, D. A. Khanin, E. S. Shagalov, Yu. A. Polenov

The first findings of carbonatites in the Ufaleysky complex happened in the late 1980s. Separate bodies of carbonatites are confined to linear fissured zones. According to the structural-textural and mineralogical characteristics, the studied carbonatites belong to one of three types: carbonatite-I – calcite, carbonatite-II – calcite-dolomite, and carbonatite-III (nelsonite). Carbonatites of the last type occupy a transversal position relative to the other carbonatites and are represented by dolomite-ankerite carbonates with amphibole, apatite, and microcline. In contrast to the Il'meno-Vishnevogorsky complex, where rare-earth mineralization has cerium specialization, the Ufaleysky carbonatites are associated with subalkaline granitoids and have a distinct yttrium specialization. The authors study in detail the carbonatites and nelsonites in quartz vein deposits of the Ufaleysky metamorphic complex of the Precambrian age, associated with the formation of quartz veins of extremely pure quartz of the Ufaleysky and Yeghustinsky types. The authors established their genetic interrelation with albitites. The article contains the stages of development of carbonatites and nelsonites and their mineralogical composition. For the study of the morphology of crystals and the chemical composition of phlogopite, amphibole, diopside, epidote, magnetite, xenotime, composing carbonatites and nelsonites, the authors used an electron probe microanalyzer, electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The carbonatites and nelsonites have a high concentration of rare earths, yttrium, uranium-thorium, tantalum-niobates, strontium, which is of practical interest as a complex mineralization.

39-43

Authors: M. P. Popov, A. G. Nikolaev

The authors consider the problems of development of phenacite mineralization at the Ural Emerald Mines, which is rather well developed and described in the Mariinsky (Malyshevsky) and Sretensky (Sverdlovsk) emerald-beryllium deposits. Phenacite is widespread in many beryllium deposits, but crystals of jewelry quality, with such large sizes as at the Emerald Mines, form rarely. Despite the prescription of the discovery (1833), and because of the rare occurrence of jewelry quality of crystals, and the presence of more expensive and valuable stones – emeralds and alexandrites – in deposits of the Emerald mines, phenacite remains almost unknown in the precious stones market, and especially abroad. Phenacite mineralization mostly occurs in the micaceous veins represented by gray and greenish-gray phlogopite. Distribution of phenacite in the micaceous veins is extremely uneven. Mineralization is typically nesting. High content of phenacite appears in the micaceous veins, mineral composition of which is mostly phlogopite, veins and concretions of beryllium-containing margarite (B-margarite) and chlorite. Content of phenacite is low in the micaceous veins that include phlogopite, plagioclase, beryl, fluorite, smoky quartz. At the Sretensky deposit is located a vein that refers to a new type of ore bodies of the chrysoberyl-phenacite composition lying in ultrabasic rocks. Unlike emerald-bearing micaceous veins that have a northwestern spread, the chrysoberyl-phenacite ore bodies are oriented in the near-latitudinal direction and have a northern incidence at an angle of 75°–80°. The most common form of phenacite crystals on the Emerald Mines is rhombohedral and short columned. Crystals have a large number of faces. The usual shapes are a hexagonal prism and rhombohedrons. Twin crystals are common, druses, columnar aggregates, and spherulites are characteristic. Phenacite can be colorless or slightly colored in wine yellow, sometimes pinkish, light gray, white, and rarely brown. The color in the crystal can spread non-uniformly. Wine-yellow coloration is not stable; it completely disappears in the light. Most common inclusions in phenacite are clinochlor, ilmenite and pyrrhotite. The work presents spectra of infrared and optical spectroscopy for phenacites of various colors. In addition, the authors show the similarity of gemological properties of the Ural phenacites and crystals from Sri Lanka.

48-52

Authors: A. V. Khokhryakov, A. M. Ol'khovskiy, G. A. Studenok

Typical pollutants, whose content in drainage waters of mining enterprises exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations, are nitrogen compounds - ammonium, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen. Their presence in drainage waters is a consequence of the use of explosives based on ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) for preparing the rock mass for excavation. The article presents the results of studies performed in quarries of a large mining enterprise, which justify the possibility of preliminary natural treatment of drainage waters of mining enterprises from nitrogen compounds in exhausted open-cast excavation. Natural purification occurs due to two processes - the first is a natural nitrification of the ammonium ion NH4+ and the nitrite ion NO2- to the nitrate ion NO3- (the nitrate ion represents the least environmental hazard of these nitrogen compounds) with prolonged storage of drainage water in exhausted open-cast excavation in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The second is a dilution of drainage waters in open-cast excavation by natural underground waters and atmospheric precipitation entering it in a natural way. The results of the studies given in the article became the foundation for the development of the project for the enterprise purification system for drainage water, which successfully passed state expertise and is currently being implemented. The use of preliminary natural treatment of drainage water from nitrogen compounds in exhausted open-cast excavation significantly reduced the cost of the project and subsequent post-treatment at specialized biological treatment facilities, which is especially important in the current economic situation.

57-59

Authors: Cheban A. Yu.

Using the explosions is the main way to prepare solid rocks for the excavation, and that results in the formation of a rock mass of uneven granulometric composition, which makes it impossible to use a conveyor quarry transport without the preliminary large crushing of the rock mass obtained during the explosion. A way to achieve the greatest technical and economic effect is the full conveyorization of quarry transport, what, in this case, ensures the sequenced-flow of transport operations, automation of management and high labor productivity. The extraction-and-loading machines are the determining factor in the performance of mining and transport machines in the technological flow of the quarry. When extracting a blasted rock mass with single-bucket excavators or loaders working in combination with bottom-hole conveyors, one uses self-propelled crushing and reloading units of various designs to grind large individual parts to fractions of conditioning size. The presence of a crushing and reloading unit in the pit-face along with the excavator requires an additional space for its placement, complicates the maneuvering of the equipment in the pit-face, and increases the number of personnel and the cost of maintaining the extraction-and-reloading operations. The article proposes an improved method for carrying out the extraction-and-loading process, as well as the design of extraction-and-grinding unit based on a quarry hydraulic excavator. The design of the proposed unit makes it possible to convert the cyclic process of scooping the rock mass into the continuous process of its loading on the bottom-hole conveyor. Using the extraction-and-grinding unit allows one to combine the processes of excavation, preliminary crushing and loading of the rock mass, which ensures an increase in the efficiency of mining operations.

65-68

Authors: A. V. Ugol'nikov, I. L. Shchekleina, A. E. Gorelova

The objective of any enterprise is a reduction of production costs, encouraging investments for implementation of new advanced technologies for extraction, processing and transportation of raw materials, reproduction of an effective mineral and raw materials base. At concentrating plants, the final process of minerals processing is the dehydration of pulps. This process has large economic costs due to the expenses on electricity and filter cloth of vacuum filters. The most promising is the replacement of vacuum filters by such devices that dehydrate the pulp using a running magnetic field effect. Using such a device will significantly improve the quality of iron ore concentrate, reduce the loss of useful component and the cost of electrical energy, exclude the costs of filter cloth and thereby reduce the production cost. The principle of operation of such dehydration devices is that the magnetic particles, getting into the range of running magnetic field, begin to move against the direction of this field. In this paper, the authors propose to replace the vacuum filter with a dehydration device for ferromagnetic pulps based on the action of running magnetic field. This device allows reducing capital costs, repair costs and consumables costs. The calculation shows that the replacement of existing equipment with a new one leads to an annual economic effect in operating costs. Based on purely economic considerations, replacing to the dehydration device is a reliable investment.

76-79

Authors: S. N. Zharikov, V. A. Kutuev

The authors consider the issue of ensuring the quality of crushing rock mass by drilling and blasting method for high productivity of a cyclic link of a cyclic-flow technology complex. The article contains recommendations for calculating certain parameters of drilling and blasting operations, such as the width of the retaining wall Bp. s, the collapse with account for the retaining wall Вr, the width of the collapse of the rock mass Bf when blasting onto a free surface (for the first row of vertical wells and for the first series of inclined wells), the width of the collapse from the first series of wells B1, the deceleration time τ, the coefficient kβ that takes into account the incline angle of wells β to the horizon. The authors prove the expediency of using a retaining wall in explosions of technological blocks. The authors raise the question about the management of detonation characteristics of explosives produced in the field of application for the most rational impact of an explosion on a rock massif. Since the technological schemes for preparing the rock mass to the excavation, which ensure the high-performance operation of the cyclic link of the cyclic-flow technology, can be different, then the choice of a specific drilling and blasting circuit is depends on the geological conditions and elements of the development system. As a preliminary method of breaking, one can consider the explosion of charges along the diagonal (diagonal blasting schemes) on the retaining wall. This method provides sufficient reliability of technological explosions, and with the development of modern means of blasting with decelerations between charges of more than 67 ms, there are nearly no back emissions.

85-92

Authors: M. S. Kubarev

This article considers the stages in the relationship between a person (society) and nature from the position of forming directions of nature management. The author proposes to distinguish five stages. For each stage, the author justifies the type (model) of economic development, the nature of person (society) and nature interaction, institutional support and direction of nature management. At the first stage (the Old Stone Age), a person’s moral attitude to nature, its deification, harmonization of relationships, the presence of only direction - resource consumption, takes place. At the second stage, a person separates himself from the natural world, the anthropogenic impact increases, certain restrictive measures for protecting fauna and flora appear, and separate facts of protection of natural resources supplement resource consumption and resource management. At the third stage, frontal economy starts functioning, the person considers himself the creator of nature, and the first environmental acts on reserving appear. The use of natural resources is complemented with the expansion of the protection of natural resources and their renewal. At the fourth stage, the environmental model of the economy replaces the frontal economy. The human continues to conquer nature, considering it a natural resources storehouse, special management apparatus appears, law-making activities stir up, financing and performing scientific research expand widely. Among the directions of nature management are the use of natural resources, transformation, renewal (restoration), nature protection, including reserving. The fifth stage includes implementation of the transition to a model of sustainable development, the environmental and economic system becomes the object of management, and humanity becomes aware of the importance of nature, (the mechanism of biotic regulation), the need for biosphere compatibility, and the development of institutional provision. The reserving begins to play an independent role.

97-101

Authors: L. A. Mochalova, D. A. Grinenko, V. V. Yurak

The authors consider the problem of the formation and placement of solid municipal waste (SMW), which becomes more and more relevant year by year for Russia, including the Sverdlovsk region. Referring to foreign experience, the authors note that in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to form an effective management system for SMW, which should be based on corresponding normative legal acts. The authors consider the organizational and economic aspects of reforming the SMW handling sphere. In particular, there is a need to develop processing infrastructure. In order to activate this process, the authors propose to increase the allocation of budget funds to this area of tariffs for the placement of SMWs at polygons and the amount of penalties for improper waste handling. One of the steps to the formation of an effective organizational and economic mechanism for SMW management in Russia is the possibility of introducing an environmental fee, which manufacturers and importers of goods have to pay when they do not provide for self-disposal of waste from the use of goods or they have not met the established standards for waste management.

108-112

Authors: V. I. Golik, Yu. I. Razorenov

Месторождения юга России являются одними из первых по времени промышленного освоения минерально-сырьевой базы Российского государства. Сегодняшняя общая проблема их разработки заключается в ослаблении темпов или полном прекращении эксплуатации. Прекратили свою производственную деятельность Садонский свинцово-цинковый, Тырныаузский вольфрамо-молибденовый комбинаты, в глубоком социально-экономическом кризисе оказался Восточный Донбасс, переходят на подземный способ разработки предприятия Курской магнитной аномалии. Проблемы горного производства в регионах юга России объясняется радикальным изменением отношений: изменением конъюнктуры металлов на рынке, ограничением условий торговли и обмена, угрозой минеральной безопасности России и другими факторами. Южно-Российский государственный политехнический университет решает проблемы обеспечения конкурентоспособности добычи угля в условиях становления рынка при ухудшении сортности угля и снижении производственной мощности при реструктуризации производства, а также предотвращения деградации окружающей среды под влиянием горных работ. Разрабатываются научные основы комплексной переработки хвостов углеобогащения с выпуском товарной продукции для поддержания экономики шахт, эксплуатирующих месторождения углей невысокого качества. Северо-Кавказский государственный технологический университет решает вопросы восстановления горного производства на месторождениях регионов СКФО и других регионов, использования селективной выемки богатых руд и выщелачивания бедных и некондиционных руд; утилизации отходов горно-металлургического производства и др. Основой технологической модернизации горного производства юга России должны стать инновационные технологии добычи и переработки первичного сырья и хвостов обогащения и металлургии с использованием малозатратных методов, эффективность которых будет определяться не столько приростом добычи металла из обогащенных участков, сколько полнотой использования недр. В вопросах подготовки горных специалистов университеты юга России активно сотрудничают друг с другом, с Фрайбергской горной академией, университетами Китая, Казахстана и других стран, а также с научными подразделениями своих контрагентов-предприятий.

119-120

Authors: V. V. Filatov

122-127

Authors: A. G. Shorin

Заключительная часть статьи посвящена истории зданий, которые не входят в число учебных корпусов: это общежития, спортивные сооружения, базы практик. Также рассказывается о попытках создания на базе вуза Университетского городка и создания Студенческого городка.

7-12

Authors: I. Yu. Badanina, K. N. Malitch, A. V. Antonov, I. N. Kapitonov, V. V. Khiller, S. M. Tuganova, R. K. W. Merkle

Complex Os–Au–U paleoplacers of the Witwatersrand basin, known as the Witwatersrand reefs, have been mined for more than a hundred years. In order to clarify the sources of ore matter, the duration and conditions for formation of platinum-group element (PGE) mineralization this study presents the original data on chemical and Os-isotopic composition in platinum-group minerals (PGM) derived from the Kimberley gold-bearing conglomerate formation located in the upper section of the Central Rand (Turffontein Subgroup of The Central Rand Group). The study employed a number of analytical techniques including electron microprobe analysis, laser ablation and mass spectrometry with ionization in inductively coupled plasma. The 187Os/188Os value in individual PGM grains of various compositions (ruthenium, osmium, iridium, rutheniridosmine, laurite, erlichmanite, unnamed polycomponent solid solutions of the Ru–Os–Ir–Pt ± Fe system) was found to range from 0.10481 ± 0.00006 to 0.10895 ± 0.00006, and 187Re/188Os lower than 0.0004. The studied PGM assemblage is represented by two main groups with mean 187Os/188Os values of 0.10510±0.00026 (n = 11) and 0.10682±0.00046 (n = 23), and a subordinate 187Os /188Os cluster of 0.10871 ± 0.00034 (n = 2). The Os-isotope results identify similar 187Os/188Os values for coexisting Os-bearing PGM pairs including Os-rich alloy and erlichmanite (i. e., 0.10482 ± 0.00002 and 0.10483 ± 0.00002, respectively), Os–Ru–Ir–Pt alloy and laurite (0.10528 ± 0.00002 and 0.10533 ± 0.00003, respectively). 187Os/188Os ages of the PGM, calculated relative to a chondrite universal reservoir (CHUR) model (Chen et al., 1998), vary between 2.73 and 3.33 Ga. Two main PGM groups have mean model TMA CHUR ages of 3.250 ± 0.035 and 3.018 ± 0.062 Ga. Subordinate PGM group is characterized by the third age cluster (2.762 ± 0.046 Ga). The obtained results are consistent with: (i) high-temperature formation of the studied Ru–Os–Ir–Pt alloys, polycomponent solid solutions of the Ru–Os–Ir–Pt (±Fe) system and Ru–Os sulfides, (ii) similarity of the initial Os-isotope composition in coexisting Os-rich alloys and Ru-Os sulfides, (iii) subhondritic Archaean source of platinum-group elements (PGE), and (iv) clastic origin of the studied PGM.

23-27

Authors: L. E. Orolbaeva

Mountain ridges divide the territory into drainage basins within which special natural conditions appear: climatic, geological-hydrogeological, hydrological, ecosystem. The article contains the characteristics of the geological-hydrogeological structure of intermountain artesian basins of Tien-Shan and Pamir-Alai. The author considers factors influencing the formation of water resources of intermountain basins and gives characteristics of river feeding types and main sources of groundwater formation in river valleys. One can see presented hydrodynamic features of basins and a map of geohydrological zoning of the Kyrgyz Republic. Surface and underground waters of mountain geosystems of Tien-Shan and Pamir-Alai are closely and intricately interconnected. For the Tien-Shan basins, the article contains data on the magnitude of the loss of river flow for infiltration and groundwater feeding. The author considers features of formation, movement and unloading of underground water streams of artesian basins, as well as the factors of formation of infiltration losses from riverbeds and supply of groundwater flows. The article presents the analysis of the formation of infiltration losses from riverbeds and discharge of groundwater into rivers. The article also contains a description of the regularity of the confinement of sites with the highest specific losses of river flows to certain river fragments. For the basins of the rivers Chu and Naryn, there is data on the discharge of groundwater into rivers. The study of the features of the interaction of groundwater and surface water based on special hydrometric studies and balance studies has made it possible to identify the types of their interconnections and their connection with specific sections of river valleys of mountain geosystems. The results obtained will allow correct organizing of the formulation and conduct of further research.

34-42

Authors: M. T. Krupenin, S. V. Michurin, A. A. Sharipova, T. Ya. Gulyaeva, V. G. Petrishcheva

The authors conducted a detailed mineralogical-geochemical study (thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis and ICP-MS) of the Magnesium-ferruginous metasomatites of the Avzyan ore region, represented by ferruginous magnesites of the Ismakaevo deposit and the brejnerites of the Bogryashka manifestation. Metasomatites are confined to the primarily limestone Minyak subsuite of the Suran Suite of the Lower Riphean. Iron magnesites contain up to 4% by weight of FeO, braunerites – up to 20.5% by weight of FeO, which the calculation method confirms according to diffractometry data. The authors established significant correlations between elements of the iron group and chalcophile elements, reflecting their increased concentrations in pyrite, widely represented in metasomatites. In addition, the authors noted a strong correlation of thorium with light lanthanides, which happens due to accessory impregnation of monazite. Correlation of carbonate metasomatites with their trace element composition appears in the interrelation of dolomite with strontium, yttrium and lanthanides of the middle-heavy group (Sm–Lu). The article shows three types of distribution of rare-earth elements: dolomite, magnesite and mixed, characterized by a different ratio of light, medium and heavy lanthanides, depending on the position in the metasomatic column. Weak positive values of cerium and europium anomalies in most of the examined groups of metasomatites to some extent confirm the highly reducing nature of the fluids. Geochemical data together with the analysis of the geological structure and development of the region make it possible to associate magnesian-ferruginous metasomatism in the carbonate rocks of the Suran Suite with the processes of remobilization of evaporite brines buried in the Lower Riphean deposits. Intensive interaction of brines with sedimentary and volcanogenic rocks in the tectonically active zone of the Mashak riftogenic graben resulted in their enrichment with various ligands, increase in basicity and more active hydrothermal redeposition in the metasomatic products of the lanthanides of the middle and heavy groups.

47-52

Authors: M. S. Patrakova

The author considers the problem of studying engineering-geological conditions, estimation of stability of rock massifs, forecast of development of engineering-geological processes on the example of the Upper-Aliyinsk deposit. Optimization of the construction of mining enterprises and the process of mining of minerals requires a substantiated assessment of the engineering-geological conditions (EGC) of mineral deposits at the exploration stage: the separation of the main components of the EGC, the determination of the processing processes, the assessment of the scale of their impact, and the forecasting of mining operations in the development of the deposit. Among the main components that require assessment in engineering and geological studies are geological structure of the massif, structural-tectonic features and fracturing, composition and properties of rocks, development of exogenous geological processes, hydrogeological conditions. The analysis of the engineering-geological conditions of the Upper-Aliyinsk deposit made it possible to identify the most significant components, such as the fracturing of rocks and their strength properties, so the author based the classification on the "classification of rocks by the degree of fracture" VSEGINGEO with some additions caused by the specificity of the object under study. The taxonomic unit for zonation was the engineering-geological sections, the basis of which is the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the degree of fracturing of rocks, the evaluation of the strength properties of rocks and their engineering-geological typification. In engineering-geological zoning, the author distinguished 4 categories in the rock massif with different degrees of stability: I – high stability; II – medium stability; III – low stability; IV – very low stability. The share of very stable breeds is from 44.46 to 61.58 %, stable – from 11.98 to 39.8 %. Breeds of low stability are less common – from 5.56 to 15.74 %. Unstable breeds are extremely rare and their share is 3.97 %. An objective assessment of all the components that make up the engineering-geological conditions of the Upper-Aliyinsk deposit will make it possible to make the most correct and objective forecast.

57-62

Authors: V. I. Golik, V. I. Komashchenko, Yu. I. Razorenov, N. G. Valiev

Technologies for leaching metals from ores have a number of advantages over traditional technologies, the main ones of which are the possibility of sharp increase in the raw material base, minimization of damage to the environment and increase in the completeness of subsoil resources. The article contains analysis of the state of this problem according to the literature data, the results of experiments that the authors helped to conduct and the developed forecast for the development of the established concept. The authors formulated the global problem of wasteless and complex use of subsoil mineral resources. The authors indicate a promising direction of metal recovery by leaching them with reagents with a change of the phase state. The article presents systematized new data on the industrial and experimental development of technology options with leaching on uranium mines in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, as well as in the polymetallic mines of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The authors propose a suitability typification of technologies for leaching purposes. The fields of application of these results are deposits of non-ferrous, rare and noble relatively easily opened metals, and deposits of metal containing tailings of ore enrichment.

67-70

Authors: S. N. Kostarev, T. G. Sereda

The development of models for constructing automated control systems for electric drives of oil production mechanisms currently gains great attention for the purposes of improving the safety and productivity of oil production equipment. For transmission of telemetry system (TMS) data, industrial buses are common, for example, Fieldbus, what allowes solving the problems of frequency regulation by the electric drive, but complicates the general control system. In this paper, the authors consider using as TMS a borehole cable as a medium for data transmission. The authors have developed simulation models of digital signal transmission. To transmit the information signal, there are various models of modulation: amplitude, phase, frequency, etc. For improving the quality of information transfer, one should use filters, for example the Barker filter, the digital cosine filter, the moving average filter. The Barker filter has the best selectivity, but at the same time, the largest amount of service information. To solve the problem of increasing noise immunity of transmitted data and complicating the filter by the degree of interference, the authors proposed the modulation of the information signal using the operator ⊕ (XOR). The conducted experiments on the levels of modulation/noise showed satisfactory results. To solve the tasks of monitoring and controlling the electric drive of the drill, the authors proposed an industrial controller programmed according to the IEC61131-3 standard. The authors developed the relay-contact scheme (RCS) for monitoring the critical parameters of the drive, which affect the safety of the downhole electric motor when drilling wells. Simulation of the operation of the RCS using the operator panel was successful.

75-77

Authors: S. A. Timukhin, E. O. Churakov, A. O. Islent'ev

The authors consider mine sectional centrifugal pumps, in particular, features of the stress-strain state of the shafts of two-flow and single-flow pumps. Due to the development of mine sectional dual-flow pumps, there is a need for a comparative evaluation of the stress-strain state of the shafts. Such an assessment should precede the development and construction of a pump design of any series, since sufficient strength and stiffness of the shaft ensure a stable operation of the pump rotor, and consequently the entire pump unit as a whole. The article presents the stresses of three components: the stresses from bending, torsion and axial force. The authors separately consider the stresses from the axial force for two variants of the pump impellers being fit on the shaft. With loose fit, the stresses from the axial force are distributed evenly over the entire length of the shaft, and with interference fit tensions increase stepwise depending on the number of impellers. In double-flow pumps, the axial force will be half that in comparison with similar single-flow pumps. For interference fit, the nature of tension stresses differs significantly. The authors present equivalent shaft stresses of the pump types under consideration. The authors carried out a comparative evaluation of the equivalent stresses of single-flow and double-flow centrifugal section pumps on the example of CNS-300-600 and CNSD-600-300 pumps. Estimates show that equivalent stresses are lower in CNSD pumps than in CNS pumps, which indicates more favorable operating conditions for their shafts and that the design of dual-flow pumps is more perfect.

82-87

Authors: A. V. Zhabko

The work is devoted to establishing the regularities of plastic deformation of solids. The author proposes using the functions of surface fluidity and plastic potential, based on his earlier studies. The limiting surface for these functions is the surface of destruction of solids (rocks), described by well-known Coulomb law. In fact, the proposed function is the law of plastic deformation of solids. The author analytically proves that during the process of plastic deformation, a reversal of the structural elements of a solid occurs. These studies explain some of the inconsistencies one observes during rock testing for strength. The author substantiates the possibility of using the rotation of structural elements during plastic deformation for predicting and controlling fracture processes. The article contains energy variational principle of destruction of solids. Based on it, there is the laconic explanation of the appearance of ring structures near some mine workings - the phenomenon of zonal disintegration of rocks. The author proposes a dependence for calculating the scale factor of this phenomenon. The author substantiates the geometric proximity of the slip surface shape in the slopes to the circle arc. In deriving the equations, the author used the fundamental laws and principles of mechanics in a rigorous mathematical formulation of problems.

92-95

Authors: O. V. Kosolapov, L. V. Vlasova

The authors substantiate the relevance of studies on the assessment of the environmental hazard of facilities that have anthropogenic impact on the environment, including mining enterprises, negatively affecting all its constituent elements. The factors of influence along with the factors of perception and state determine the amount of economic damage, so there is a need to predict the level of environmental hazard. The authors propose a method for rapid assessment of environmental hazards, involving the theory of fuzzy sets, taking into account that in addition to the estimated factors that determine the nature of the environmental hazard of the facility, a much larger number of unaccountable factors influence its formation. The article contains a list of fundamental principles and an algorithm for implementing the proposed guidelines. According to the algorithm, one should successively perform the following operations: the choice of factors causing the environmental hazard of the facility, the substantiation of the classifier of the levels of evaluated factors, the recognition of factor levels based on the binary number system, determining the importance of factors, determining the weight of the identified subsets of factors, calculation of the integral indicator characterizing ecological hazard, construction of an environmental hazard classifier, according to which the obtained integral indicator corresponds to a certain level of environmental hazard. For example, according to the proposed step-by-step methodological recommendations, the authors determine the level of environmental hazard of JSC "Southern Mining Processing plant". The performed calculations make it possible to estimate it as average.

104-108

Authors: R. A. Dolzhenko

The author analyzes CDIO concept - a new integrated approach to engineering education, describes the history of its formation, presents interim results of its implementation in the national universities, as well as the directions for further use in the Russian Federation. The paper contains analysis of the dynamics of academic publications on the topic of CDIO in Russia and abroad, provides a list of foreign journals that highlightened this subject was the most, has the reviews of the most quoted scientific papers that reflect the content of CDIO initiative. The author describes the advantages of CDIO concept and the content of this approach to engineering education, which is spreading in foreign universities and appears in a number of Russian educational organizations. From the point of view of the creators of CDIO, this approach will help to educate such a future graduate of the university, who can come up with a new product or a new technical idea, carry out all the design work for its implementation, and introduce the result into production. The article also highlights a list of factors that hamper the development of CDIO in Russian pedagogical practice. The author proposes a set of recommendations and an algorithm for the introduction of this approach to the Russian university practice. In order to implement the CDIO in its practice, the university must first verify its activities for compliance with CDIO standards, which set out 12 directions for implementing this initiative and possible levels of their evaluation. The analysis showed that the formalized procedure for joining the CDIO association does not carry significant preferences for the educational organization, while CDIO open standards will improve its activities.

114-117

Authors: V. V. Filatov

120-123

Authors: D. A. Kleymenov, Yu. A. Polenov, V. V. Grigor'ev, V. I. Kaynov, L. I. Pozdnyakova

7-13

Authors: E. N. Volchek, E. A. Slobodchikov, V. N. Ogorodnikov, Yu. A. Polenov, V. S. Chervyakovskiy

The studied sections of Middle Paleozoic volcanoes are located within the eastern area of the Middle Urals, where thick strata of volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks is widespread, from the Silurian to Upper Carboniferous inclusively. Cut of the Devonian-Carboniferous rocks on the river Pyshma site attracts attention due to several factors. Metamorphosed volcanic and volcanic-sedimentary complexes of Middle Devonian and Early Carboniferous age developed relatively weakly here. The good preservation of the products of ancient volcanic eruptions allows us to estimate nature and tendency of the volcanic activity during this period. In addition, the studied territory has a wellknown promising ore sites, and scientists already studied and described the petrographical composition and chemistry of the volcanic rocks from geological sections of the Pyshma River. Geochemical data on them were absent until recently. We obtained new petrogeochemical data on Middle Paleozoic volcanic rocks, including those containing scattered sulphide mineralization, from geological sections along the Pyshma River and its tributaries. Compared to the average ocean tholeiites (N-MORB) studied basalts are enriched with large-ion elements (Rb, Ba, Sr, Th) and are depleted with highly charged elements (Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf). Their analysis showed that by the content of petrogenic and trace elements studied lithophilic volcanites are close to the island arc formations of modern tectonic environments. One can use conclusions on geodynamics in solving the problem about the nature of the mineralization manifested here. The most interesting in Sukholozhsky area is the Shatinsky ore station, where we identified iron pyrite and of copper-zinc mineralization with the industrial content, found layers of rubble ore, hematite rocks with inclusions of cupreous pyrite.

19-22

Authors: S. G. Sustavov, D. A. Khanin, E. S. Shagalov

The subject of study is a rare primary phosphate of strontium and aluminum – goyazite. Currently, in the Urals there are several findings of this mineral, which in varying degrees characterize this rare strontium phosphate. The paper contains a detailed description of the first discovered goyazite at the Berezovsky gold deposit. Flattened rhombohedral crystals of pinkish-red goyazite are growing on quartz crystals with the formation of induction surfaces of shared growth. Grains of goyazite occur as chains in beresites in the form of small chains. In the description of morphology, authors described in detail the simple forms that developed on the crystals, and their sculpture. The study of the chemical composition of the mineral showed that along with the main goyazite mineral, there are impurity minerals present – svanbergite and crandallite. In the related dolomite authors established typomorphic particulars of the chemical composition, reflecting the influence of surrounding rocks. Diffraction study shows that the exact diagnostics of the minerals in the group is possible only if their chemical composition is available. Authors calculated the parameters of elementary cell of the mineral and identified their specific parameters. All discoveries of previously found goyazite are confined to terrigenous rocks, greisens, pegmatites and carbonatites. This is the first occurrence of the mineral in hydrothermal gold deposit. The interrelation with the minerals surrounding goyazite shows its formation of the final stages of a second, quartz-pyrite mineral assemblage. Local and weak development of goyazite in quartz-dolomite veins, apparently, is due to the low content of strontium in the enclosing volcanic and sedimentary rocks, from which it was retrieved later by hydrothermal solutions. The work will serve to clarify the mineralogy and geochemistry of the classical gold deposit of the Urals.

27-31

Authors: T. R. Akhmedov

The article is devoted to forecasting of hydrocarbon potential of the geological section using seismic inversion. The aim of our research is to develop a new approach to the seismic inversion, to determine the place of projected well location. The article briefly reviews existing in the world practice methods of seismic inversion, among which AVO data inversion method stands out. All these methods have one drawback – using the data of well logging (WL) in the final stage of processing, and scientists consider that the processed seismic data has optimum quality. Even if it has a good quality, it is evident that its resolution is much lower. We eliminated these drawbacks in our approach, and we used WL data in the processing of seismic data in order to improve the signal/noise ratio. Software package "AZERI" processes and interprets materials of seismic prospecting and WL, as well as provides seismic inversion. This article contains a brief description of the developed algorithms and programs based on it, which we named "AZERI". The developed method of seismic inversion was applied on one of the areas of the Apsheron Peninsula of Azerbaijan. After showing the outline of studied area, we give the main results of the use of "AZERI". We divided studied cut to the upper part, including precipitation covering the Miocene sediments, and the lower part, covering zone of abnormally high pore pressure (AHPP), which includes Miocene deposits, for the upper part the areas where AR (apparent resistivity) is above 10 ohm-meters are high-resistant, and for the lower part these are the areas with AR higher than 2 ohm-meters (2). The obtained data leads to the conclusion that the most appropriate place for laying of the projected new well is the point of intersection of lines 132 and 368 of 3D seismic prospecting, since the interpretation of the seismic inversion data using PRIZMA package showed that the oil-bearing part of Kale suite at this point covers the depth interval of 4060–4115 m with total capacity of this interval being about 15 m. Under this interval, Miocene deposits also are oil-bearing.

37-43

Authors: M. E. Kolchina, V. E. Konovalov, N. V. Kolchina

The subject of research of this article are the issues of ensuring the safety of life of population and organization of the rational land management in cities, on whose territory are/were carried out the works on extraction of minerals, in the areas of influence of underground mine working – in dangerous anthropogenic areas. The purpose of research is to show that the resolution of these problems is possible only through a complex planning, based on the analysis and assessment of land condition (earth's surface) in the undermining areas and forecasts for their change. The article analyzes the methods and principles of land-use planning in the industrial cities of Russia and abroad, the problems of modern land use and development in Ural cities with undermined territories, and identifies the causes of these problems. Based on the diverse researches in the area of the negative impact of mining on land condition, cadaster(registration of real estate and areas with special conditions of use of the territories), land management, urban planning and economy of land use, authors prepared proposals to resolve the question of ensuring the safety of population life in dangerous technogenic areas and organization of the rational land use within the boundaries of these areas. In particular, ensuring the safety of human lives in such cities is possible through land-use planning in the areas of influence of underground mining, taking into account their level of danger, as well as the regulation of land use and development in these areas. For this, authors propose in the first place to locate the boundaries of technogenic areas of different danger level for the land use and development, and then develop a list of restrictions on land use and development, set restrictions on the rights of land plots located in these areas. Given that currently there are significant problems in Ural cities of Berezovsky, Berezniki, Krasnoturinsk and Solikamsk, special focus of this article is on the question of ensuring the safety of life of population on the built up areas – authors offer the complex of organizational and legal measures and activities. During the planning of usage of urban lands with undermined territories, one must take into account such a factor that the real estate (land plots and objects of capital construction) nowadays is the main source of local budget formation. In this regard, the article contains prepared proposals for the most efficient use of lands (land plots) on the undermined territories, and calculations confirm its viability. Authors conclude that ensuring the safety of life of the population and rational land management in the areas of influence of underground mining can be achieved through integrated planning (urban and economic planning) of land use.

50-54

Authors: B. P. Golubko, A. V. Gal'yanov, A. E. Bannikov

The paper presents the developed method of instrumental observations over deformations of dump and the new mathematically founded method of field measurements. A basis of the presented method is linearly resection and indirect trigonometric leveling. This decreases twice or thrice time of conducting field meas-urements in comparison with traditional methods of geometrical leveling, and time of cameral data processing in electronic form. It allows one to capture full reference point position in space, and, given the large number of observed points, allows a deeper analysis of geodynamic processes of the dump. Using the observation station of areal type, shortened effective observation intervals and the measurement technique provided an opportunity to build three-dimensional models of the displacement velocity. It allowed determining locations of maximum shear rates in the area of mining and transport equipment location. As the main criterion for safety of mining operations authors accepted marginal inclination values of excavator working area, the longitudinal and transverse inclination of railway track. According to the calculated displacement velocity, model authors calculated locations of the manifestations of critical deformations of dump massif, and the time after which the platform will get a critical slope. The presented innovations in the observations of internal dump lay the foundation of a new monitoring concept of these dangerous technogenic objects, which will allow efficiently eliminating the effect of the negative features of geomechanical monitoring of internal dumps.

59-61

Authors: O. G. Latyshev, D. V. Prishchepa

Designing the parameters of technology of development of mineral deposits is based on rock properties, usually determined in laboratory conditions on the samples of small volume. When considering the processes involving significant amounts of rock one should account for the scale effect. Applied to strength characteristics of rocks, this effect consists in nonlinear decrease in strength with an increase in volume, and its assessment bases on the statistics of extreme values determined by the probability nature of crack distribution by size. Based on the method of fluorescent inspection, authors studied the characteristics of the fracture structure of rocks. Authors found out that Cauchy distribution describes the probability characteristics of cracks. Taking into account the parameters of this distribution, authors suggest the equation of scale effect, which takes into account the heterogeneity of fractured structure of rocks. One can find the results of experimental studies showing adequacy of the proposed method for evaluating the scale effect. The results allow evaluating strength of the rock mass of various volumes in designing the processes of mining technology.

65-67

Authors: O. G. Blinkov, S. G. Frolov, S. A. Mayorov

The article presents results of the study of volume-stressed state of the supporting elements of bit by using polarization-optical method of stress analysis. In order to improve bit design one requires accurate and complete information about the stressed state of its basic elements. Authors applied the technology of "freezing" (fixation) the stress-strain state of the model of considered construction of elements of roller-cone drill bits. Polarization-optical method used for determining the stresses in the bit support is particularly effective in the study of stress concentration for the selection of the optimal shape, size and mass of structures during their design. Using this information one can increase reliability of the basic elements by reducing stress in areas of its concentration. The developed method of research on the "frozen" models gives an overall picture of the stress state of bit elements under axial load. In this case, the tangential stresses in the structure is insignificant, however, the maximum meridional stresses exceeding the yield point occur in the 1st leg in a zone of connection with the cone pin. In this zone elastic-plastic deformations occur, the value of which one can reduce, for example, by increasing the coupling radius of respective surfaces.

72-75

Authors: A. V. Semenkin

Earlier studies on the efficiency of the use of different equipment of cyclic-and-соntinuous technology (CCT) (conveyor, crushing, rattling, etc.) for any quarries do not have a general idea of the preferred conditions of use of CCT systems in various mining and technical conditions. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to establish the dependences of change in the CCT systems cost from major mining and technical conditions (annual capacity, lifting height and form of the rock mass), taking into account the time factor. Their analysis will allow substantiating the rational conditions for the use of these complexes in comparison with the base variant – excavatorautomobile complex. This article describes accounting of the time factor in the analysis of exploitation options for complexes of cyclical and cyclic-and-соntinuous technology (CCT) for open cast mining of solid minerals deposits. Author considers the excavator-automobile complex EAC) as a complex of cyclical technology. Accounting for the time factor takes place during the calculation of the exploitation cost of CCT and EAC complexes. The study substantiates optimization period and reduction factors (discount rate) of capital and operating costs. The reduction coefficient of capital costs takes into account the rise of equipment price over time, which is mainly due to the inflationary processes. In calculations, this ratio is equal to 1.06. The peculiarities of exploitation of various equipment stipulate the reduction coefficient of operating costs. Based on the operating experience of mining transportation equipment for quarries, reduction coefficient for dump trucks with carrying capacity of 45 and 80 tons in calculations is 1.2 and 1.15, respectively, and for crushing, conveyor and excavating equipment it is 1.06. By graphic dependences of the cost changes on the example of complexes usage in the development of bedrock overburden author established that at the same tendencies of relative unit costs change for the current year and for the discounted, the latter substantially increase. The intensity of increase of the relative discounted costs of CCT complexes is lower than costs of EAC complexes. For the CCT complexes, discounted costs in considered conditions increase by 1.5–1.7 times, and for the EAC complexes – by 1.7–2 times. The research results can later be used in the justification of preferred terms of use of the CCT complexes, and are also useful for employees of mining enterprises, scientific-research and design organizations.

84-87

Authors: V. G. Loginov, R. B. Rudakov, N. D. Koroteev

Implementation of the complex project "Ural Industrial – Ural Polar" included the creation of industrial and infrastructural complex based on the development of natural raw material resources of Subpolar and Polar Urals and construction of the key elements of core transport and energy infrastructure. Based on available scientific and practical data related to the development of the North, Natural Resources Ministry of Russian Federation and Federal Agency on Subsoil Use has proposed to begin an active formation in the Polar and Polar Urals of centers of economic development, without which development of the territories with underdeveloped infrastructure and low population density is not possible. The aim of the development of deposits in the framework of economic development centers was: expansion of the mineral resource base; improvement of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the macro-economic development of the region; increasing the investment attractiveness of the region; improving living standards; ensuring the financial sustainability of the region. However, the available economic evaluations did not confirm the effectiveness of the development of most of the discovered fields, which was due to a provision of identified reserves and other factors. The most attractive are just a few of them, in particular, the Neroysky deposit of vein quartz, on the basis of which now forms the high-tech production of especially pure quartz concentrates and complete cycle for the production of quartz crucibles and other quartz products. For this project, the Government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District – Yugra provides the establishment of necessary scientific, technical, economic and resource conditions. The solution of this task will provide one of the strategic raw materials to the domestic industry, the need for which with a high-tech industry growth is increasing every year.

94-99

Authors: M. S. Kubarev

This paper clarifies the concept of the natural system, serving as an object of nature management and the role of each component belonging to it. The author considers natural systems from the perspective of the specific features of the ecosystems and geosystems, of which the latter shows a larger number of interrelations and has a more multi-faceted concept. The article also reveals essence of the vertical and horizontal structure of geosystem, main functions and features, among which stands the integrity and stability. The focus stays on the characteristics of the natural potential, performing the socio-economic functions and determining the direction of nature management. The author recommends allocation of the three types of potentials: prospective, real economically feasible and real environmentally feasible, which is a part of the previous one, but includes the natural resource and environmental resource potentials. Real economically feasible potential describes the ability of natural resources to meet the human need on the condition of economic profitability and technical availability. The real environmentally feasible potential determines the mass of natural resources that one can use without disturbing their internal relations, functions and features that are part of the real economically feasible potential. Finally, a perspective potential is the ability of natural resources to satisfy human needs in the future, when it would be cost-effective and/or technically possible. Such an approach allows considering the development of natural potential while respecting natural ecosystems preservation conditions, their bioregulation ability. Lack of a clear understanding of the economic valuation of ecosystem services does not allow justifying the value of their real economically feasible potential, but does not exclude the recognition of the need to introduce environmental restrictions on its use. As follows from the practice, the combination of resources, their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, the role of various resources determines the most favorable conditions for the development of certain types of resources, and the preferred type of developed resource defines the economic direction of the territorial-industrial complex.

104-108

Authors: Yu. A. Polenov, V. N. Ogorodnikov

2017 год – год 80-летия начала планомерного изучения территории СССР с целью выявления месторождений пьезооптического кварца. Необходимость ускорения поисков таких месторождений вызывалась острой политической обстановкой в мире. Ведущее положение в решении этих проблем всегда оставалось за Уралом. На территории Урала организация геологоразведочных и добычных работ осуществлялась из двух центров. Работами на Приполярном Урале руководило производственное объединение «Северкварцсамоцветы», а на Северном, Среднем и Южном Урале – производственное объединение «Уралкварцсамоцветы». Героический труд кварцевиков Урала достоин того, чтобы о нем знали и гордились сделанным. Уходит время, уходят люди, но остаются результаты их труда.

126-129

Authors: N. V. Khisamutdinova

The article describes the biography of Boris Pentegov, an outstanding chemist, an engineer of the chemical industry, a professor of the higher education. He came to Vladivostok with the Ural Mining Institute in the Civil war to become one of the founders of science and higher education in the Russian Far East. He has also organized the first scientific chemical school there. His scientific interests were devoted to the most urgent items of that time – research on local nature resources. He manifested himself as a talented researcher of mineral resources, fish supplies, etc. as well a good engineer in organizing iodine extraction from laminaria, local winemaking and canned fish production. Most of his scientific and technological ideas hasn’t lost their significance till now.