EMINAK

5-11

Authors: Stetsyk Yuriy

The historical terms of founding and activity of monastery are given in the article. Economic soil of functioning of monastery is considered: landownership and liberties. The dynamics of quantity of monkhood is traced and certainly them territorial and social origin. Age, educational studios, monasterial and church duties of monks is analyzed. The basic landmarks of the spiritual teaching and labour of monks are exposed in biographic certificates.

20-25

Authors: Ostropol’ska Maryna

The ideological connections between M. Pavlyk and the intellectual persons of Naddnipryans’ka Ukraine during the last quarter of the XIX – beginning of the XX century in the context of social and political processes which took place in a noted period in a country are analyzed.

32-37

Authors: Tokalenko Pavlo

In this article the author tries to reveal the role of the repressive policy of the Russian Empire after the First Russian Revolution in the South of Ukraine. Using statistical material focuses on increasing autocracy reaction after stabilization of social processes in society. In part, the author tries to describe the internal conditions of political prisoners in the penal system. The author emphasizes the failure to solve social problems repressive methods and emphasizes the causal relationship of the First Russian Revolution with the events of 1917. Including the author gives data on the number of executions of political prisoners and notes that executions continued even in 1910. The author notes that the number of political prisoners, according to Saul Usherovycha constantly growing, as evidenced by the victory of the reactionary policies after the revolution of 1905-1907. Also, the author gives other statistical dates associated with the activities of courts-martial for military reports of the Ministry of the Russian Empire (according M.M. Polyansky). The author argues that political pressure created fertile conditions for suicide and premature death convicts. The penal system more kills prisoners than revolution. The repressive system in Russia directly affected the psychological state police apparatus of empire, keeping it in constant tension, requiring enhanced concentration. According to statistics from the Ministry of Interior was the number of prisoners – 167,830 people. Kiev prison could officially hold – 690 prisoners, but actually there were – 2,207 prisoners in the Odessa prison – 1610 persons in 804 places in Katerynoslav – 842 to 324 seats. They were sleep on the floor, under bed, and in the prison hallways. A large number of prisoners caused the spread of disease. In 1910, the Russian Empire revolutionary sentiments intensified by the news of the death of Tolstoy. In Mykolayiv city, head of the local police in a secret letter to Mayor of Mykolayiv, said elevated political mood of the local population, which was the result of this news . In addition to death Tolstoy, in 1910 there was a low demonstrations on the anniversary of the events of «Bloody Sunday» and celebration of May 1. In added to political news of abuse of prisoners in prisons and hard labor that came from Pskov, Tobol’sk, Vologda, and other cities, fueled anti-state attitudes in society. Thus, the internal problems of the Russian Empire, including the unresolved agrarian question caused the continuation of the revolutionary process in society. The government continued unsuccessful attempt to stabilize the social processes by repressive methods. Imperial power is not used the experience gained as a result of its own mistakes and despite attempts to liberalize social relations by creation of the first parliamentary traditions in Russia, the government did not change its attitude to the problem.

45-52

Authors: Babenko Ludmyla

The author in this article represents and summarizes the types of protest moods among clergy and the faithful, which were formed as a reaction to the policy of church valuables caption in the beginning of 1920th. The main attention is accented on the reasons of the confiscatory character of this campaign, use of starving in 1921-1923 as the mean of society conscience manipulation. Were detected the prerequisites of formation of different types of moods among the Orthodox clergy and the faithful, in particular the role of Bolshevist Security Services as the key prerequisite of the force model of relations between the state and the church formation. Common and different features of clergy and the faithful attitude to the measures of bolshevist government are shown, and also their aims and consequences. The complex of behavioral strategies in the circumstances of offence on the Orthodox Church and its clergy, which had both realized and reflective character, is characterized. It is also said about «servilizm» of the main part of clergy, which appeared in the process of caption and split of the Orthodox Church. Protest moods are brightly represented by the position of Patriarch Tihon, who proposed alternative methods of church participation in overcoming the starving consequences. During the detection of the types of moods among clergy and the saint the main attention is devoted to the role of Security Services’ information-analytical activity with their broad agent network in Orthodox community.

64-71

Authors: Osipenko Olexander

The article deals with the administrative apparatus of Transnistria Governorate which was established by the Romanian invaders in the southwestern territory of Ukraine for 1941-1944 years. There have been considered administrative and territorial structure and system of government of the corresponding Governorate. The managerial workforce of the uyezd, praetorship, municipalities, urban and rural mayors and responsibilities that have been entrusted to the heads of relevant units has been described. Also the punitive system (military field courts and district military praetors) which assigned the function of local people punishment has been analyzed. The management (administration) which led the finance, economy, health, education, cults and propaganda has been highlighted. The directorate of agriculture which performed the main functions of management in agriculture governorship has been discussed in details. The system and administrative staff of labour communities that have arisen on the basis of collective farms (kolkhozes), by changing only the name, and played an important role in providing invaders of agricultural commodities during war have been analyzed. Also there have been considered the principles of respective working rural communities which had the right to enter them and each community functioning team which included 10-20 households with land allotment of 200 arable land hectares. Formation of the rural community was going on well established procedure. For community registration the most of the collective farm (kolkhozes) members gathered to the meeting where the representative of the government made the act of transformation of a kolkhoz to the community. The relevant document had the lists of total land area, availability of livestock and implements, the number of working-age population and the number of established brigades. The head of the community and brigadiers of brigades were elected by the present members. The existence of these communities was to the war end. All the rural workers were required to carry out their functions in the event of failure they can be punished. Some workers made progress in their duties and then took reward for it. The occupation authorities also carried out a control of forcing the leadership to conduct a variety of report and controlling documentation.

79-87

Authors: Yegreshiy Oleg

According to the author, the historical science, using Extrapolation approach can make a convex analysis of social processes taking place today. See expressive positive, opportunities, but also to identify the challenges facing modern man. For today often characterized by the loss of sacred archetypes of the past, distancing from traditional Ukrainian historical foundations of everyday life. Meticulous routine will look at the author’s opinion, to outline the degree of secularization of society and extrapolate knowledge in the present. Secularization – much more prominent, more volume process, which covers primarily the everyday life of society. The article tries to analyze the events of social and political life of Ukraine 2015 Constitutional Commission, in particular the development of new parts of the Constitution relating to human rights and the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, November 12, 2015, the so-called anti-discrimination amendments to the Labor Code of Ukraine. According to the author, these expressions indicate secularization and therefore threaten national and religious identity. In March 2015 President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko created the Constitutional Commission and laid it on her task of ensuring broad public and professional discussion of proposals for constitutional reform in Ukraine. All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and religious organizations directed to the Constitutional Commission proposals on improving the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine. According to religious leaders, the Constitutional Commission proposed new wording of the provisions on human rights and freedoms include serious threats to the family institution in Ukraine, the traditional Ukrainian society relationship of marriage as a union of man and woman, and form the basis for legalization unacceptable moral health and the natural development of the society of same-sex partnerships. September 12, 2015 Ukrainian started collecting signatures for electronic filing of petitions to the President of Ukraine Poroshenko demanding withdrawal of the inadmissibility of the Constitution of Ukraine definition of marriage as a union of man and woman and the inadmissibility of the Constitution of Ukraine the emergence of a new definition of «sexual orientation» and protection requirements human life from conception to natural death. Considerable discussion publicity received by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine the draft new Labour Code in November 2015 ultimately 12 November 2015 the Parliament of Ukraine introduced anti-discrimination amendment to the Labour Code. Although the November 10, 2015 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine has repeatedly rejected the draft law «On amendments to the Labor Code of Ukraine (concerning the harmonization of legislation in the sphere of combating discrimination of EU law)», the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko urged parliamentarians to adopt Yet the so-called anti-discrimination amendment to the Labour Code. On entering Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine anti-discrimination amendment to the Labour Code, 12 November 2015, sharply reacted representatives of religious organizations and churches.

96-103

Authors: Boyechko Vladislav

The peculiarities of the process of formation of party and political system of Poland during the revival of the Polish statehood are investigated in the article. It is determined that political parties have passed a continued way of the organizational formation long before the acquisition of the Polish independence. It is found out that during the First World War political parties have been united due to the politically external orientation or feature. After acquisition of the Polish independence politically internal factors have become the basis for uniting. The forms and direction of the activity of parties and their positions in the struggle for the socially political system were determined by this process. It is found out that a great amount of ethical groups or national minorities created problems for parties, which strove to strengthen the unitary of Poland.

111-115

Authors: Kozii Olexander, Horbachyk Oksana

This article examines one of the aspects of Ukrainian-Chinese relations and discusses the relationship between Ukraine and China in the field of culture in the early XXI century. The authors note a significant rapprochement between the two countries and extension of cooperation in the humanitarian sphere towards other areas, such as political, economic and military-technical. The authors conclude that the relationship with China in the humanitarian sector, cultural in particular, is very important for Ukraine.

123-128

Authors: Vovchuk Ludmyla, Shapranova Karyna

The article reveals the foreign policy of France to the Middle East, namely Syria. It is one of the most important partners for France and at the same time problem in its foreign policy implementation. The problem was extremely sharp shown during the “Arabic spring” on the territory of Syrian Republic which has demonstrated inability of France in acting firmly in its usual line and its unwillingness to go beyond the European policy. The greatest danger for Paris was the creation of ISSL, which included part of the territory of Syria and the threat of terrorism in the region generally. Peaceful settlement is not the real solution for France, especially for Fr. Hollande, whose views are more focused on security and stability in the region through providing this in France.