Bulletin of Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engeneering and Architecture

10-416

Authors: Bolshakov V. I., Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Prof.; Dubrov U. I., Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Prof.; Volchuk V., Ph.D. in Technical Science, associate professor.

In Gödel's incompleteness theorem proved that the theories constructed on the basis of a formal axiomatic meaning of the original terms and their interpretations are incomplete, due to the incompleteness of the language statements. In this context, extending the conclusion of this theorem on the interpretation of statements of defining, for example, one of meanings the numerical value of the quality of any metal is accepted in meaning of incomplete statement .This incompleteness may be submitted by incomplete of constructial features of a formal axiomaticstructure (macro level), and the incompleteness of formal axiomatic at the micro level. The formal axiomatic of structural elements of the metal structure is obvious without requiring of further explanation. Because of it , the quality of the metal, is determined most of all on the basis of statistic or analysis or the history of its reception., at the current in material science large number of studies aimed to determining of the quality of the metal, based on the analysis of its structure, because of computational irreducibility of resultate of this analysis. S. Bir recommended to go beyond the initially selected language, but at the same time not to break away from the real situation, should be attached to such a property system that is inextricably linked to its real existence. For partially compensate of the incompleteness of formal axiomatic metal structure is applicable language of much more higher level. From our perspective, such language is the language of fractal structures approximation of metal. This choice is based on the fact of a huge number of real physical systems possessing of (in the appropriate range scale) fractal nature, characterized by a fractional dimension. The concept of a fractal is almost due to both the characteristics of the metal structure and the physical characteristics produced of its products: with a rough surface; volume; density and others. The received results show that the quality characteristics of the metal, is economically advisable to use, minimizing the number of actual tests, calculated with record of the fractal dimensions of its structure, i.

26-34

Authors: Khmara L. A., Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Prof.

The historical sketch of formation and development of department "Construction and road- building machines" since the beginning of foundation and till today is presented in the article. The main directions of scientific activity and scientific achievements of department are presented.

42-50

Authors: Khmara L. А., Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Prof.; Spilnik М. А., Assist.

Problem statement. Modern engineering aimed at creation energy efficient machines to perform vari- ous operations. The main areas of development are: reduction of energy consumption for extraction of soil; increase productivity; increase durability and reliability; expanding technological capabilities and so on. Traditional methods of calculating the forces acting at unloading scraper bucket, make it impossible to fully describe the process, but only allows to calculate the maximum effort requiring in unloading. Therefore, the efforts occurring during process of un- loading are unknown. Analysis publications. Analyzing the constructional features of improving of scraper bucket should be noted a tendency aimed at increasing the efficiency of filling the bucket. It is not the problem of unloading soil with a scraper bucket, requiring additional energy also. Increasing the efficiency of the process of unloading can be achieved by improving the shape elements bucket construction. The purpose of the article. To create a new theoretical method of calculation taking into consideration the amount of residual soil in buckets throughout the period of unload- ing. Problems. To develop a mathematical model of unloading scraper. To conduct a theoretical analysis of the process of scraper for the purpose of determining the current analytical support. Develop an algorithm for calculating the defini- tion of resistance discharge. Conclusions: 1. For concerned scraper bucket the mathematical model of the process of unloading are developed, taking into consideration friction force of the soil in the bottoms of the bucket; friction force of soil on the side walls of the bucket; rolling resistance force of the rollers suspension trailing wall; inertia translational motion of the mass of the soil and the trailing wall in turning the unloading mechanism of soil scraper bucket; the length of the bottom; the height of the bucket; dialed density of the soil; angle of crumbling soil and allow us to calculate the mass dependence of the soil on the position relative to the length of the trailing wall of the bottom scraper and the ef- forts requiring for its unloading 2. Theoretical calculation allows to determine: the resistance of unloading of scraper bucket with a semicircular head; change in the mass of soil in buckets on the position relative to the length of the trail- ing wall of the bottom scraper for soil density 1600-1800 kg/m3; 3. Developed algorithm for studied scraper bucket allows you to calculate the resistance of the unloading.

66-73

Authors: Berezko O., Postgrad. stud.

Problem statement. Today shopping mall is one of the most effective forms of city retail space organization. These multifunctional shopping complexes became an inherent part of any big modern city. From the beginning the mall was created for suburbs, having changed in urban buildings, had a lot of transformation. Inspite of this, mall has not yet been considered a full-fledged unit of urban space. Study of influence of urban environment is actual and it will allow to make another step in malls development in the city. Analysis of recent research and publications. The materials of this paper is generally based on the following works: M. Davydenko "Mall and the city: titans battle chronicles", K. Mezentsev "Kyiv public spaces: provision of population and modern transformation" and "Transformation of public spaces in large cities of Ukraine: malls case study", J. Hardwick "Mall Maker: Victor Gruen, Architect of an American Dream", O. Prokopenko "Motorization in the US". Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to trace mall's transformation from a suburban building to an urban, defining positive and negative features of city malls. Conclusion. The article analyzes the background of malls. Among the main prerequisites of malls' formation are motorization of city inhabitants and active suburbs. The phased transformation of the term "mall" is analized and having been used as a characteristic of a layout of organization. This is the type that lies in the basis of retail spaces: social space, both sides of which are shops restaurants and areas of other functionality. This shows the feasibility of using the term "mall". The transformation of a suburban mall into an urban construction has led to a number of changes in its volume-spatial solutions: increase in number of floors, frequent underground location, division into functional blocks etc. The performed analysis of malls showed the attractiveness and feasibility of this type of building even with a large selection of functional diversity beyond. The reason is that malls provide the concentration of goods and services in a space independent of external influences. The disadvantages of urban malls is their high commercialization level and lack of attention to the building appearance.