Bulletin of Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engeneering and Architecture

9-14

Authors: V. I. Bolshakov, B. Volchuk, Yu. Dubrov

There are various methods of isolation, passive and active experimentation. The first of which is based on the formation of prediction models based on ana League investigated the background of technology in her work area, and the second — to study the mathematical model, based on the analysis of the interaction process variables that can quantitatively dominate the upper and lower level workspace. For example, using the method of passive experiment investigated the polymerization process in the factory. Based on the statistics of recent years were obtained regression equation, where the objective function performed viscosity product as well as arguments were: degree of conversion, the number of controlled reagent and reaction time. All this information enables passive experiment is important to monitor and control the quality of the finished product, but it is clearly insufficient for process control at the level where the process variables are outside the workspace. The closest to the proposed method is active experiment, which used a matrix planning to identify factors that have a dominant effect on the rate of chlorination of titanium slag melt. The disadvantages of passive experiment is to create the forecast model, which is based only on an analysis of the background using a particular technology, where variables are only of value obtained in the work area or close to them. The disadvantages of the active experiment based on the method of planning, is the choice of variables and their upper and lower levels as close to the work area, excluding the study those values that are outside still not used. These shortcomings restrict the scope of applicability of these methods in solving problems of prediction and control of quality characteristics iron which projected only in the workspace. The basis of this work is the task of improving the method of prediction and control of quality characteristics rolls in their production technology, which as a result of composition. passive and active experimentation becomes possible to predict their mechanical properties not only within the workspace, but also abroad.

28-33

Authors: K. K. Miroshnychenko

The elements of geometrical design for the calculation of some power descriptions of mixers which have blades as the simple crooked surfaces are used. The optimum placing of such blade secures the effective mode of interfusion of fibrous compositions.

43-47

Authors: T. Tkach

Problem definition. With an increase of construction rate the necessity of mechanical properties of structural steel improvement has arised. The development of new modes of rolling can solve the problem of increasement the properties of structural low–carbon steels. Purpose: to increase the properties of sheet metal by determining the effect of deformation in the intercritical interval (ICI) temperatures and subsequent cooling on the structure and properties of structural low–carbon low alloy steel. Analysis of recent research: a lot of scientific works of the previous years were dedicated to the increasement the properties of structural steel. Application of thermomechanical or controlled rolling enhances the strength characteristics of steel, but the lowers toughness. Thus, it is necessary to increase not only the strength, but also toughness of structural steel. Results: Deformation at different temperatures of the intercritical interval was carried out followed by cooling in oil. As a result it was established that, such treatment at, the top and bottom of the intercritical interval increases the strength, but the toughness is reduced. The embrittlement of the steel after accelerated cooling from 885–860 °C can be exlained by the large content of martensite and bainite in the structure, and from 735ºC by enlargement of ferrite grains.Toughness and strength increased simultaneously only in a narrow range of temperatures (810–770 °С). Conclusion. The structure and mechanical properties of steel 10G2FB after deformation at various temperatures of the intercritical interval and the accelerated cooling were determined. As a result it was established that the microstructure of the steel after cooling is a mixture of ferrite, bainite, martensite, and small amounts of residual austenite. Depending on the selected end temperature of deformation in the intercritical interval and subsequent cooling of these components the ratio of the structure is different, which affects the properties of the steel. On the basis of the received results further study of the structure of steel produced in the temperature interval 810–770 °С with accelerated cooling is promising, as strength and toughness are increased and the ductility is not reduced significantly.

54-59

Authors: Yur. I. Zakharov, V. V. Derevianko

The problem of forming techniques and evaluate the quality of the project is associated with a combination of qualitative and quantitative indicators, as well as the need for verification analysis at each stage of construction, beginning with the study of the sketch of an architectural object. Analysis of recent achievements. To date, there are a number of criteria by which the project can be assessed and; for example, attractiveness, efficiency, geometric characteristics, architectural and technical level. The purpose of research–development methodology for assessing multi–level architectural design at various stages of construction Task — to establish factors influencing the assessment of design decisions influence the method used to assess quality. Conclusions. Evaluation of the project consists of standardized solutions and nonnormable qualities. Modern state of the process design poses the problem of formalizing assessment procedures using logical–mathematical methods of analysis and evaluation.

65-70

Authors: V. Tyutyunyk

Of personality–oriented approach (POA) gradually established itself as a leading practice in high school, and today is increasingly asserting itself in the highest. It is the desire of researchers to develop ways to guide the learning process while maintaining the relative autonomy of each student the interest in motivational and strategic processes a student–centered approach to its characteristics such as strategic competence and motivational sphere of personality. The purpose of this article — the analysis of conceptual approaches to the implementation of the LLR in teaching Russian as a foreign language in higher educational institutions of technical profile. Modern innovative methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language include the development of activities of communicative competence, based on communicative–oriented approach [3, p. 11], namely the practical mastery of all kinds of speech and communicative use of RCTs in everyday business situations and in special; professional and vocational orientation; system for evaluating the degree of formation of the communicative competence of students of activity–based on the level of mastering a foreign language, as defined in the Common European Framework guidelines on language learning. Communicative competence, in accordance with which it is possible to determine the content vectors educational sphere «Foreign Language», consists of three main types: speech, language and socio–cultural.

9-15

Authors: V. N. Derevianko, A. Biegun, H. Hryshko, A. A. Maksimenko

In Ukraine there is an unreasonably high use of Portland cement, it is even used in the cases, when one can use the binding materials, manufactured at lower temperatures with less energy consumption. Manufacture of magnesium binding materials requires low–grade heat, as the base component MgO is burnt at temperatures lower than 1000° С. Energy required for production of the magnesium binding material is 30…40 % of the one required for Portland cement production, and the natural resources of magnesium minerals are abundant and make up at least 8 % of the Earth’s crust. Therefore low energy consumption allows for extensive use of magnesium binding materials in air–dry operating conditions, and studies on influence of magnesite burning modes on a structure and properties of a magnesia stone are up–to date. Adding of a fine–dispersed silica MgO–Н2O in the system will result in generation of magnesium silicate hydrates, which harden the magnesia stone, similarly to the behavior of calcium silicates at their hydration, while micro silica (silica fume) provides binding of free MgO to a complex oxychloride compound and increases the softening coefficient of hardened materials. The purpose of our studies was determining the influence of the burning temperature and the burning period on the properties and the mineralogical composition of the caustic magnesite. Moreover, we defined the methods for improving the properties of the caustic magnesite: waterproofing, reduced corrosivity, and thermal expansion coefficient. The article presents the results of chemical mechanical studies on the magnesium binding material, burnt at temperatures of 800, 970 and 1150° С. Burning of the magnesite at t = 800° С within 3 hours resulted in formation of a structure without oversintering (i.e. ballast) with crystals sized 34.4 nm, which is susceptible to cracking, with the bulk density of the powder ρон = 960 kg/m3, which implies a poorly crystalline structure and unsuitability for construction purposes. It was established, that binding properties are exhibited by the caustic magnesite produced at temperature of t = 970° С, the structure of which is formed by crystals sized from 38 to 43 nm. Increase of the burning temperature to 1150° С results in formation of a structure with oversintering of MgO grains from 7 % to 10,5 %. In this case, the sizes of the crystals were 47,9 to 48,1 nm. In the micrographs, hydrated at 25°С, there is displayed gel–like sodium hydroxide, which films unreacted MgO crystals. The scanning microscope study showed that the mass of the hydration product is much aggregated. These aggregates are clearly visible at low magnifications. The analysis of the electron microscopic studies on hydration of fine–dispersed periclase shows that the periclase crystals with no mechanical damages can reduce their sizes in aqueous environment within some period and not show evidence of surface hydration. This allows for creating a fast hardening solid structure of the magnesia stone due to simultaneous hydration of the burnt magnesite and interaction of magnesium hydroxide with fine ground quartz. Adding of a fine–dispersed silica MgO–Н2O in the system results in generation of magnesium silicate hydrates, which harden the magnesia stone.

19-23

Authors: K. K. Miroshnychenko

Problem definition. Over the last years the demand for fibre concrete has increased. Due to its properties it increasingly attracts the attention of scientists and manufacturers. However, the problem of high quality fibre concrete manufacture has not practically solved until present. This contains its wide use in building. Analysis of recent research: The analysis of present developments concerning this problem shows that over the last years there have been some investigations, however, they are not of system and fundamental character. Those research works do not consider essentially processes investigations that occur in a mixture being effected by mixer blades of various shapes. There are a few researches on fibre concrete production technology. Practically such a material manufacture is performed in common concrete mixers. The quality of compound is not satisfied. Purpose: Using geometric simulation to develop various variants of the blades of work members of mixers that ensure the efficient mixing of fibre concrete building compounds in the conditions of a construction site. Results: The use of the developed blades of complicated shape permits to get homogeneous fibre concrete compounds. Due to the high quality of mixing, the time of mixture making reduces. This helps to reduce repair equipment and electric power costs. Such introduced mobile production technology techniques permit to enhance essentially the application fields of fibre reinforced fine concretes. Conclusion. The article deals with the use of geometric simulation elements to develop the efficient mixer blade of complicated shape. The application of such a blade provides the efficient operation of fibre concrete compounds mixing.

32-42

Authors: А. Motornyi, N. Motornyi

The issue of the formation of denial of driven piles is discussed. It is assumed that the pile denial is the deformation of the soil layer located below the forming firm zone under the continuous instantaneous load transmitted through the soles of the firm cores from the blow of the hammer on the head of the pile. Propose to define the pile denial under the condition of energy balance — the formation energy of the hammer blow, and its expenditure on the submerged piles. It is given the ground for the formation of the optimal distances between the axes of the piles in the bunch and a pile field. It is specified the while crossing compacted zones overcrowded ground moves in the slit formed around the pile shaft, which eliminates the transmission of pressure on the side surface of the pile shaft and prevents movement of adjacent piles. It is given the ground for the formation of loosening soil in between pile uneven deformation loosening soil, the formation of holes and breaking the contact between the sole of the grillage and the foundation that violates their common work and does not allow to relieve piles under the load due to the inclusion of the pile grillage of the pile foundation in common work with the foundation.

47-54

Authors: V. Savyovsky, A. Bronevitskiy, A. Karzhinerova

In the modern, global and domestic practice is widespread process of reconstruction of industrial buildings and structures in objects civilian purposes. In the scientific and technical literature, this process is called — revitalization of industrial buildings. Revitalization (from Lat. Re — restoration, vita — life) — the revival, restoration and revitalization of urban space [1]. With the revitalization of the complex of works, which provides for the preservation of architectural buildings account of the creation of domestic content and interiors engineering and technological equipment, according to modern standards and requirements. In the case of reconstruction of architectural or historic sites are usually retain their foreign authenticity and expressiveness. The main task of revitalizing the reconstruction of industrial buildings and areas around them for socialization space, improve infrastructure, promote tourism, recreation, sports, environmental improvement. Revitalization of industrial buildings former gas tanks under civilian objects — has become a unique example of ecological reconstruction Megacities. "Old" buildings were not only an updated look, but also received a new attractive destination. The experience of construction work in the revitalization of industrial buildings, evidence of their multifaceted characteristics. Above, a significant amount of construction work was completed within three years. Considering the uschilnenist area and inside stysnennist works, the term indicates a high efficiency adopted organizational and technological solutions. Analysis of the experience points to the direction of rational options for construction works and contributes to the development of effective solutions revitalization of industrial buildings.

9-15

Authors: O. Lysenko, O. Kosynska, S. Gubarev, V. Lazorchyk

Problem statement. Production of metal materials with nanoscaled sizes of structural components relates to priority directions of a science and the up–to–date technologies. Progress in this field demands the deep understanding of interrelations of a chemical compound of alloys and technology factors with the physical properties setting a kinetics of crystallisation process. Effects theoretical and experimental researches of the noted interrelations will form a basis for developing and introduction in sphere of manufacture of special alloys of the new technological solutions providing a controllability by processes of structure formation and production of materials with predicted microstructures and properties that will promote the further development of micrometallurgy amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys. Analyzing of the resent research. The quenching from a liquid state (QLS) is the up–to–date method of production of alloys with metastable crystalline and amorphous structures [7; 8; 12]. The probability formation of similar structures, besides a chemical compound and properties of a material, depends on a thermal mode of process.According to data of operations [3; 6], the basic versions of thermal mode QLS are: - A mode of the continuous decrease in temperature of a melt up to the glass transition temperature which consequence is inhibition of crystallisation processes and material transition in an amorphous state; - A mode including an initial stage of melt supercooling and a stage of a self–heating of the crystallizing volume following at the expense of the latent heat of transformation which promotes formation of polycrystalline structures with the microscale sizes of structural components. Deficiency of the viewed modes is that with their help cannot be obtained nanocrystalline structures formed in the conditions of high–rate nucleation and extremely low growth rates of crystals. Research objective. For the purpose of overcoming of this deficiency and expansion structure formation possibilities of technology QLS in references [5; 11] is offered the method of melt moulding in prior heated (hot) casting–form which allows to create the varied isothermal requirements of a solidification providing reception of a wide spectrum of structural states, including nanocrystalline. In the present, work results of the rated analysis of thermal modes and a crystallisation kinetics castings from easy amorphizing alloy Cu47Ni8Ti34Zr11 (Vit 101), gained by a rapid quenching in hot coppercasting–form are presented. Conclusion. 1. On an example of alloy Vit 101 features of structure formation are explored at moulding in hot casting–form. Determined the interval of casting–form temperature values = (676 –674)K, which providing an establishment of an isothermal mode of a solidification castings, at temperatures on (5–93)K exceeding a glass transition point. 2. It is shown, that at an isothermal stage of process crystallisation is carried out with close to maximum ~(1015 — 1018) m–3×s–1 nucleation rates and very low ~ (10–13 — 10–8) m×s–1 rates of crystals growth, owing to what it is fixed completely crystallized structures with in the average crystal sizes from 63 to 240 nm.

19-27

Authors: V. M. Molokanova, G. Dyomin

Formulation of the problem. Project management has become a recognized methodology in implementing changes in the system at any level, there was a significant number of publications on project management in various areas of social life [1; 5; 6; 8; 16]. However, the methodology of project management is still not enough attention is paid to the formation of social — genuine values and social responsibility project activity «soft component» associated with the increased role of the human factor in the era of knowledge economy. Consideration of this issue is devoted to this article. The aim of the paper is to study the life cycle of the organization's value through the management of a portfolio of projects and the creation of a conceptual model of the evolutionary development of the organization, forming a new strategy of the organization and increase its value. Conclusions. 1. Understanding the nature and causes of spiral nature of systems to look at the development of the organization by managing portfolios of projects from the point of view of its level of development. 2. Diagnosis dominant evolutionary property management company determines the formation and implementation of tsinnistno–oriented portfolio, so that the organization moves to a new level of evolution. 3. The evolutionary development of the organization can be development through the implementation of portfolio management using his techniques, methods and tools. 4. The proposed information–technology enterprise development model defines the attributes required to manage a portfolio of projects. These attributes can be set or added by placing the information in a certain store or get it from the repository. The direction of future research. The proposed model allows for amendments that may be more detailed and more accurately reflect the actual processes of the organization. This extensibility means the possibility of continuing the gradual fragmentation model for individual work tasks and etc. This will see the model with varying degrees of detail, from the overall process of evolutionary development to individual development processes.

32-38

Authors: N. Bratus, M. Kostenko

Relevance. Weight (or area) of the steel elements of constructs is the main criterion for substantiation of the design decision. Essence of the problem and substantiation of the design decision. Analysis of constrictive solutions of centrally–compressed elements fulfilled by using the method of direct selection of cross–sectional area with correction of the known formula for longitudinal bending coefficient calculation. Approved that for flexibility λ = 10…115 and steel C245…C375 the corrected formula of longitudinal bending coefficient is sufficient accuracy within the limits from λ = 25 to λ = 85…105 for steel C245…C375. Bu using the analysis of assortment of stiffeners and square tubes fulfilled approximate formulas for the specific radius of gyration calculation. Research objective. By using the formula of the direct method for selecting the area of the centrally–compressed steel rods fulfilled the analysis of the advantages of square tubes in comparison to coupled stiffeners, the steels of additional strength have been provided efficient as well as the usage of the stiffeners with the high degree of wall thinness. Calculation were made for the centrally–compressed steel rods under computation length = 3 m and elongated efforts N = 200…2000 kN, appropriate diagrams were shown. Conclusion. By using the practice of the direct method for selecting the area the fulfilled calculation gave an opportunity to make such point as: - The advantages of square tubes in comparison to coupled stiffeners depend on elongated efforts N and increasing by amount of efforts decreasing, for example, under the efforts 200 kN the cross–sectional area of coupled stiffeners increases by 60…80 %; - The steels of additional strength have to be used under elongated efforts N more than 1000 kN; - The influence of the wall thinness parameter on the stiffeners can be significant under the elongated efforts less than 1000 kN.

42-50

Authors: O. Lesyk–Bondaruk

Problem definition: The author believes that in the 20th — beg of 21st century Ukrainians were too ignorant of their cultural heritage. There are plenty of cases when architectural monuments are physically destroyed or changed to a great extent for the sake of a newer refurbishment or the so called «restoration». This article is to analyse compositional and planning characteristics of Volyn wooden temples of XVII–XVIII centuries in order to further professionally preserve and recover the temples.The problems of Volyn temples spacious and planning characteristics are discussed in the works of M. Dragan, G. N. Logvyn, L. V. Prybega, I. R. Mogytych, Y. P. Nelgovsky, P. G. Yurchenko, V. V. Chepelyk and others. [1; 2; 5–9; 10]. Scale adjusted and layered drawings have been made for each XVII–XVIII ct. Volyn temple. Simple compositional forms of churches have been traditional for many years in Volyn; wooden churches were mainly built in the villages, laconism of forms is used.

9-13

Authors: D. Zezyukov

While implementation of calculations, designers use the certain rules of application, that are the generally accepted methods. There must be possibly the use of the simplified design techniques in this case, if it is possible to prove that they are confronted to corresponding principles and provide the degree of safety and durability not less, than methodologies offered by operating normative documents. Eurocode on the basis of which DBN V.2.6–98:2009 was made, allows to use considerable part of methodologies from the normative documents operating on the territory of former post–soviet territory, as their basic principles correspond largely. During the use of any alternative methodology it is already impossible to consider, that planning is executed in complete accordance with DBN V.2.6–98:2009, however regulative organizations, during realization of calculations, usually use the simplified methodology of the former, tested, normative documents. By comparison of maximum moments in the cut of reinforce–concrete element in the zone of clear bend, which were received with the help of using of methodologies of calculation which were used in some normative documents, it is necessary to educe differences between application of national normative document of DBN V.2.6–98:2009 with possibility of the use of the simplified methodologies on the stage of the previous planning. Marked in DBN V.2.6–98:2009 the calculation of the normal crossing of reinforce–concrete elements according to the deformation method is not difficult, but needs a lot of time for the decision of simple tasks. Comparatively with the operating norms of Russia, Belarus and European Union, the result of determination of bearing strength of the normal crossing does not exceed 5 % toward the reduction of maximum values, while the same difference between the cancelled norms of SNiP 2.03.01–84* is 2 %. Coming from the obtained data, for implementation of approximate calculations on the stage of the previous planning, it is enough to take advantage of easy and tested methodology, with further clarification of results at the detailed calculations.

17-22

Authors: F. O. Korsun

Problem. In case high pressure heat exchanger is replaced by hydrodistributor the question of its running arises. The article proposes the method of hydrodistributor running proposed for utilization in the mine air conditioning system. Literature review. Research workers of the Prydniprovs’ka State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture possess more than 20 author’s patents issued by the state ofUkraine for hydrodistributors. However, this article proposes a more updated hydrodistributor functioning without hydraulic impacts in normal conditions. Aim. The article proposes the method of a device (hydrodistributor) operating without hydraulic impacts in air conditioning systems. The investigation of hydraulic impact using electric model showed that hydraulic impacts that occur as a result of switching fluid currents in hydrodistributor can be technically controlled. In order to perform such control it is necessary to select hydraulic distributor that would allow to perform slow valve lock which would result in weak hydraulic impacts or would prevent them from occurrence. Rubber [2] membranes should be replaced with movable insulating diaphragm whereas sealed tanks should be replaced with rather long pipelines with the amount of pipes increased up to six. Operating schedule of this device is given in Picture 1. Pressure increase during hydraulic impact depends on the type of valve resistance fluctuation and is an effective tool used to soften hydraulic impact that depends on the selection of such valve closure time where the pressure does not exceed the acceptable level. The less the speed loss in the pipeline is, the smaller the pressure increase will be. The lower the speed of valve closure is, in other words, the shorter impact T phase is comparing to the time of full closure of the valve t3, the less the change in the valve closure degree would be according to Δα / D = T / t3 during each Δα / D phase. To ensure ongoing operation of the system during cold bearer supply it is proposed to accept a minimum amount of 6 tanks, three of which will function as a cold bearer supplier supplied to the processed horizon and the other three will return defrosted cold bearer to refrigerating machine (Picture 1b). In [1] with the coefficient of local valve resistance ξ =0,46 full closure of the valve is performed within 15 sec. With water velocity that equals to 1meter per second head loss in the valve are calculated to be 0,025 m. Insulating membrane covers the distance equal to the length of sealed tank one way per minute. Opening of the valve is performed within 15 seconds, closure will be performed within 15 seconds and the work for the fully closed valve will be performed within 30 seconds — the period will be 1 minute. Reliability of the elements combination that the present system represents is determined depending on the reliability of each its element taking into consideration their effect on the system operation. Reliability of the system depends on its elements, their role and the type of reciprocal junction. Conclusion. 1. The economy of heat during the application of the proposed hydraulic distributor in the system of cold bearer of mine air conditioning system distribution will make approximately 30–40 %. 2. With the application of proposed hydraulic distributor in the mine air conditioning system the technical effect lies in the fact that hydraulic impacts are eliminated, mine air conditioning system becomes simplified and more reliable. 3. In the process of choosing hydraulic distributor, its design and structure, the calculation of its performance reliability, graph illustrating conjugation of tanks functioning during liquid distribution (see Pic.1) was performed as well as utilization of total six tanks was decided. Three of them will accept cold bearer from the refrigerator situated at mine’s surface and the other three supply it to cooling in the bottomhole directly to air–cooling units. The system will function without hydraulic impacts. 4. In case high pressure heat exchanger is replaced by hydraulic distributor, total electricity economy according to the given costs will be more than UAH 1,5 million per year for one mine with the utilization of one air–cooling unit.

30-35

Authors: V. Uzhelovs'kyy, V. Hlinkin

Problem statement. To improve the indoor climate control system, you must have an adequate mathematical model of the building. For this purpose, a mathematical description of its running parameters. Analyzing of the resent research. In the works of contemporary experts in climate control facilities already had a steady and qualitative representation on the management of temperature and humidity. In particular, E. Sazonov argues that in the process automation indoor environment plays a crucial role to create an adequate mathematical model. That is correct mathematical model in conjunction with elements of automation systems, to a large extent, determine the quality of the control parameters of microclimate Research objective. Development of mathematical model indoor environment, to ensure a comfortable environment and economic modes of operation. Conclusions. 1. Mathematical model is specially designed for thermal analysis of buildings. 2. Mathematical model allows to efficiently calculate the temperature and humidity inside the room, taking into account the heat loss through the building envelope (walls, windows, ceiling, floor, roof). 3. Mathematical model can be the basis of a thermal model of the building, through which can be carried out appropriate calculations. With a thermal model becomes possible to develop intellectual climate control system in buildings.

39-44

Authors: N. Shapa, A. Loban'

Urgency of the problem. Companies are increasingly using modern technology in their management activities. These technologies are largely relates internet. The Internet is evolving, and every year there are more users, their activity increases. The Internet has become a part of the life of society as a whole, because in the right hands turns into an effective tool for marketing activities. This tool to control, and using it to expand the boundaries of the enterprise. Moreover, given the fact that the global use of the Internet in today's world and business, the issue of using internet marketing (IM) is no longer just a factor of competitive advantage, but also the survival of the enterprise as a whole. Analysis of publications. The use of internet marketing activities of modern enterprises devoted to scientific work of scholars such as: I. Ashmanov, Basov, F. Virin, A. Ivanov, Alan Cooper, Jerry Ledford, Mary Tyler, V. Kholmogorov et al. However, some issues associated with the influence of specific tools for the development of MI activity of the enterprises studied is not sufficient and requires a more in–depth consideration. The purpose of the article — to characterize and classify the constituent elements of the marketing activities carried out with the help of Internet technologies and their potential for the development of modern Ukrainian enterprises. Conclusions. In this article were reviewed and classified the main components of online marketing: market research, creation and use of the site; use to disseminate advertising information social networking and viral marketing; an overview of the existing IT–technologies in the field of marketing, they offer the most profitable opportunities in terms of practical application in business.

7-12

Authors: Yur. I. Zakharov, E. S. Karnaukh

Problem statement. Correct detecting of the equivalent loudness level caused by moving vehicle flow is a serious problem nowadays. It is a questionable task because the most recent investigations in this field of science were held thirty years ago and they need to be modernized. Analyzing of the resent research. Attempts to produce a mathematical theory of traffic flow date back to the 1920s, when Frank Knight first produced an analysis of traffic equilibrium, which was refined into Wardrop's first and second principles of equilibrium in 1952. A lot of scientists all over the world such as R. Kartabaev, V. Syl'yanov, F. Kheyta, D. Dryu et al. were working on the problem of the equivalent loudness level calculation. However, their research was being conducted long ago. In the modern world the new model for the traffic noise calculation is required. Research objective. The aim of the article is to describe the natural investigation of traffic noise calculation and to show that the base formula went outdate. Conclusions. Comparing the results of calculated and measured equivalent loudness levels makes evident that in case of using the base formula the results are 3,7 % overrated. This fact is connected with the difference between noise characteristics of modern cars and ones used thirty years ago. Road traffic system has changed significantly during this period of time: the traffic flow intensity has grown whereas the speed has reduced on the traffic area; geometrical and qualitative parameters of the traffic system differ from the old ones; a modernized car fleet has also gained different qualitative and quantitative characteristics. In particular, noise indicators of the singular vehicle reduced, but the general cars number increased. Thereby using the old method for equivalent loudness levels calculation isn’t reasonable. There is a question of modernizing the calculation method. Nowadays techniques is developing fast so that the equipment for the traffic noise detecting does.

18-22

Authors: V. F. Irodov, G. G. Bereziuk

Statement of the problem. Infrared tubular gas heaters are designed for burning gas, moving of the heated products of combustion with air inside the tubular heater and heating of the room where the heater is installed with the help of radiant and convective heat exchange with space of the room. Tubular gas heaters are simultaneously sources of heat supply and heating devices. Using of these heaters provides fuel economy and uniform distribution of comfortable heat. Maximum fuel economy can be achieved through using of the mode of condensation of water vapor from the gas–air mixture in the construction of heater. In mathematical models of tubular gas heaters heater is considered as a hydraulic chain with distributed and adjustable parameters by the terminology of the theory of hydraulic chains. However, these mathematical models do not take into account the condensing mode of the work of heaters. The purpose of the article is to build a mathematical model of hydraulic and thermal modes of the area of infrared tubular heaters for the zone of condensation of water vapor from the gas–air mixture. Flow and heat exchange for the tubular gas heaters with regard to the phenomenon of condensation of water vapors from the gas–air mixture, which moves in the tubular part of the heater under cooling of the gas–air mixture are analyzed. Specific areas of flow and heat exchange, starting from the gas burner until intersection of the outlet of fulfilled gas–air mixture into the environment are highlighted. Equations of mathematical model which describe the processes of motion and heat exchange of gas–air mixture and condensate inside the radiating tube are compiled. The possibility of using the developed mathematical model for calculation of the parameters of the flow and heat exchange of the heaters is indicated.

27-33

Authors: V. Uzhelovs'kyy, S. Kostyuk

Problem statement. In connection with the development of industrial automation increases the relevance of a systematic approach to solving scientific and technical problems in the application of automated electric drives and automation systems of the process under different conditions. Current trends in the industry is to increase the productivity of labor, increase the durability of production, security personnel in high productivity. Analyzing of the resent research. Questions of belt conveyors involved domestic and foreign scientists Corresponding Member of the USSR A. O. Spivakovskyy [5], I. H. Shtokman [7], L. H. Shahmeyster [9], V. A. Shubenko, V. M. Tsehlyariv, N. I. Tomashevskyy [8]. Research objective. Research of dynamic loads on the conveyor belt using a simulation model. Conclusions. In the course of the work was conducted dynamic mode of production line control actions based on device status monitoring tape. In the simulation of gravity on the tape should be paying attention to aperiodychnist transition, it is very important for this system. After pererehulyayuvannya can lead to rupture of a conveyor belt. Thus the tension of the tape will be long until you change the input sensor efforts that will not exceed 55 kg / cm.

41-44

Authors: I. Mikhailova

Problem statement. The important a question is providing of population of Ukraine with affordable housing, on during the last years. Analyzing of the resent research. The different strategies and programs have been studied. The results which were obtained aimed at solving and improvement of the housing problem in Ukraine. One of the variants of solving the housing problem is the construction of standard low–rise housing. A lot of scientists such as E. Stadnik, L. Ivanenko, Ya. Fayzrahmanova, M. Savitskiy et al. were working on the problem of construction of low–rise affordable housing. Research objective. The aim of the article is to analysis of existing examples of international experience and substantiation of expediency of construction of low–rise of affordable housing in Ukraine considering to international experience. The author characterizes the main factors of international experience in the construction of low–rise affordable housing. Conclusions. Assessing the real situation, it should be recognize that in order for low–rise housing was affordable, it is necessary to use all existing instruments, first of all using regression methods of international experience, use of modern organizational and technological solutions that will influence on the cost and duration of work and the involvement of the budget funds and possibilities of the banking system. Only within the framework of the single system budget, builders, banks, investors will be able to give a push to the construction really affordable of low–rise housing for the population Ukraine.

51-55

Authors: V. Morgachоva

One of the main types of land transport is the railway. Its advantages over other modes of transport – is all–weather, high reliability, ability to carry out mass transportation of people and goods at relatively long distances at relatively high speed and low cost. Given the importance of rail transport in the functioning and development of the country, hygienists comprehensively studied the working conditions of its workers and harmful factors affecting their health [1–4]. The results of research scientists suggest that workers are employed main railway occupations and professions to ensure the safety of trains in adverse industrial conditions involving complex effects of harmful and hazardous factors of different nature and intensity. Employees of a large number of railway professions linked to the performance of professional duties under intensive neuro–emotional stress. Operation of technical equipment and rolling stock for repairs and track works are accompanied by a high dusting, the release of various chemicals, intense noise, vibration, the presence of strenuous exercise, exposure to unfavorable microclimatic and others. All these conditions determine the occupational risk and cause the development of diseases of workers [5 ]. In addition, the intensity of the impact of production factors on working all the time increases because of wear and aging process equipment. All this increases the potential risk of production dependent disorders health. Thus, it is clear that working conditions in rail transport impact on the health of employees, which in turn necessitates a comprehensive in–depth study of hygiene and medical and social factors determining the development of measures to ensure the health of the personnel serving high–speed magnetic levitation transport.