Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences

372-379

Authors: LUO Rui, LUO Xiaojuan, SUN Ning, PU Yumei, WANG Peihui, RAN Danni, XU Zhenxia, ZHAO Wen, LI Sha*

Film coating by insoluble polymer materials is one of the most commonly used methods to control drug release in sustained and controlled release preparations. The composition, aging process and the stability of coating film significantly affect the drug release behavior. Ethyl cellulose (EC), a derivative of cellulose insoluble in water, is widely used as film coating material to realize sustained and controlled release. In this work, the properties of free EC film, including mechanical properties, water uptake and water vapor transmission (WVT), were investigated for different film composition after treatment under different aging and storage condition. As the concentration of plasticizers in the film increased, the tensile strength descended with a raise of elongation at breakage. Compared with the domestic EC films, imported EC films had a smaller tensile strength and higher elongation at breakage. The water uptake and WVT capacity decreased with the extension of aging time while increased with the enhancement of plasticizer concentration. The imported EC films showed a generally less water uptake and WVT capacity than domestic EC films. With the extension of aging time, the tensile strength of the films prepared with different plasticizers increased while the elongation at breakage decreased. The water uptake and WVT of the films was reduced as well. The sort and concentration of plasticizers, the sort of EC and the aging time had a great impact on the properties of free EC films. The preparations coated with imported EC may be stable than those with domestic EC.

385-393

Authors: WEN Shaohong1,†, OU Jinlai2,†, LUO Rui1, LIANG Wenli1, OUYANG Ping1, ZENG Fen1, CHEN Yanwen1, XU Zhenxia1, ZHAO Wen1, LI Sha1,*

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly efficient and broad-spectrum antitumor drug in the treatment of solid tumors. However, DOX can lead to a wide range of biochemical effects on human including inevitable toxicity to the normal tissues which has limited its clinical application. Nanoparticles, as a new kind of vehicle for antitumor drug delivery, can greatly enhance the theraputic effect and reduce the drug toxicity. In this work, we chose pectin (PEC) as carrier material to prepare DOX loading nanoparticles. The blank PEC nanoparticles (PEC-NPs) were prepared by emulsification-ionotropic gelation method and the formulation was optimized by central composite design and response surface method. The drug was loaded in PEC-NPs to obtain DOX loading pectin nanoparticles (DOX-PEC-NPs) by adsorption. The drug loading capacity of PEC-NPs was chiefly affected by ratio of DOX to PEC. The time, pH value and temperature of adsorption showed some influence on drug loading. Both PEC-NPs and DOX-PEC-NPs were sphere-like in shape with a mean diameter of (266.93 ± 1.70) nm and (287.70 ± 1.21) nm, respectively. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading rate of DOXPEC- NPs was (91.71 ± 0.50)% and (17.17 ± 0.24) %, respectively. Compared with DOX, DOX-PEC-NPs showed apparent sustained release behavior with a burst release, which followed the double exponential diphase kinetics equation well.

394-402

Authors: LIANG Wenli, LI Linlin, LUO Rui, XU Weihao, TANG Yu, XU Zhenxia, ZHAO Wen, LI Sha*

Diclofenac sodium is widely used for treatment of arthritis, which has good solubility, rapid absorption, short half-life, and is apt to cause the "peak and trough" phenomenon of plasma concentration. A sustained-release solid dispersion of diclofenac sodium (DS), which is intended to improve the big fluctuation of DS plasma concentration, was prepared with ethyl cellulose (EC) in this work. The formulation and process was investigated by evaluation of drug release behavior, and the solid dispersion was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infra-red spectroscopy (IR) as well. With the increase of drug:carrier ratio, the drug release slowed down accordingly. The addition of both hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) accelerated the drug release from solid dispersion. The solid dispersion prepared by optimal formulation and process showed good sustained release behavior with an accumulative drug release percentage of 44.11 %, 67.33 %, 78.88% and 82.82% at 1, 4, 8 and 12 h respectively. The spectrum of XRD and DSC indicated that diclofenac sodium may have interaction with carrier material and exist in the solid dispersion as amorphous or molecular form.

408-414

Authors: M.Bharathi*, M.Radha

India has the 3 rd highest number of estimated people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in the world. It is estimated that over 35% of all reported HIV incidences in India occur among young people of 15-24 years of age. Despite norms prohibiting premarital sex relations, opportunities to form premarital relations did exist and 4% young women had engaged in premarital sex. Adolescent girls are at far greater risk of contracting HIV than boys, as a result of their greater physiological susceptibility and their vulnerability to sexual violence, rape and marriages at an early age. Aim: 1.To evaluate awareness and knowledge of adolescent girl students about HIV/AIDS. 2.To assess the impact of curriculum on HIV/AIDS, on the knowledge of students about HIV/AIDS. Material & Methods: 150 students from 10th standard, having a lesson on HIV/AIDS ( group one) and 150 students from 9th standard, not having a lesson on HIV/AIDS (group two) were included. Formative evaluation was done. Selection type, closed ended, objective type schedule in Telugu language, was administered. Schedule contained 12 items. Statistical Analysis: Chi square test was used. Results: General awareness as, HIV is a virus and it causes AIDS was high in both groups. 59.33% & 66.66% from group one and 29.33% & 44% of group two knew how HIV spreads and how it does not spread, respectively. Group one had more knowledge on symptoms than group two. Above all are with significant P values. There was not much difference in the knowledge of two groups about its non-curability and lack of vaccine. Only 16.66% from both groups has positive attitude towards PLHA. Group one had more awareness about high risk group. Text books/Teachers were the main source of information. Conclusions: (1)The awareness and knowledge of 10th Std. students on HIV/AIDS was higher than that of 9th Std. students.(2)Curriculum on HIV/AIDS played an important role on the awareness and knowledge of students on HIV/AIDS. (3)Positive attitude towards PLHA was less. (4)The awareness, as HIV/AIDS has no cure and no vaccine was also less. (5)Teachers &

424-428

Authors: Jagyasmita Balasamant*, Rajesh Kumar Padhy, Amruta Kar Rakesh Kumar Giri, Pallavi Agarwal

Background: The aims of this study were to determine whether any organism does exist in middle ear cavity in mucosal type of chronic otitis media, if so isolate their types and assess their effect on graft uptake results. Materials and Methods: Patients from 10 years of age and above with diagnosis of chronic otitis media mucosal type were included for tympanoplasty. Swab was collected from middle ear cavity for direct smear examination and culture prior to surgery in operation theatre and inoculated into Blood agar, Chocolate agar and Mac Conkey agar within half an hour. The isolates were identified with the use of standard bacteriological technique as described by American Society of Microbiology. All patients underwent tympanoplasty. Observation: Graft uptake results were assessed after 6 weeks. 70 patients were enrolled for study. Majority of the patients were of the age group 11-20 years (42%). Among which male were more common with 71.4%. Bacteria were isolated from 43 cases (61.4%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated in 18(41.8%), Staphylococcus aureus in 11(25.7%), Klebsiella in 6(13.9%), Proteus in 3(6.9), E. coli in 3(6.9%) and Acinetobacter in 2(4.7%). All patients had undergone tympanoplasty. Graft uptake was (87.1%). All 9 failure cases had residual perforation. In bacteria isolated group, 37 out of 43 had graft uptake. Conclusion: Success rate of tympanoplasty in quiescent stage was comparable with dry ear. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism. Presence of bacteria in middle ear during surgery did not increase the risk of graft failure.

436- 439.

Authors: Lakshminarasimhaiah* and Rakesh Kumar Meel

Two new phytoconstituents have been isolated from petroleum ether extract of the whole plant of Actiniopteris radiata. The petroleum ether extract was subjected to column chromatography and isolated the phytoconstituents. Two new phytoconstituents were characterised by TLC, IR, UV spectral analysis, NMR and Mass spectra. Compound 1 is Dec-3-enyl, 2- (heptyloxy)-1-mercaptpoethyl terephthalate and compound 2 is 1-(Phenylethyl butanoate ether), 2-(3- ene heptanoate) ethane.