International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research

1009-1016

Authors: Chi Hsien Tsai

In the ICT era and take into account the trend toward NPM, Governance has been urging the e-government to provide “active” and “tailored” services. More importantly, in the aged society resulting from the aging baby boomers, the services of a democratic government need to be more satisfactory and timely when a large part of the citizens in any society become old. A system or database containing personal data by which to identify individuals is indispensable when the e-government wants to deliver services. According to Tsai (2005a: 7)’s research: a method of personal identification is used to distinguish the data specific to personal characteristics such as ID cards, credit cards, GCA, signatures, fingerprint, iris scans, blood vessels, etc. The first part assigns data on personal characteristics on the “carrier,” and the second part makes us of a “live” body. Because the “carrier” may be lost and copied, the second method is less risky from the current perspectives of “duplication” technology. Although a “live” body is better than a “carrier,” considering the method of personal identification, there is another issue that must be considered when the e-government wants to collect personal data that relates to the issue of “privacy,” not to mention the development of a means by which to integrate different kinds of personal “live” data into a database. Therefore, in this research, a literature analysis and the political economy approach are used to explore this issue based on demand and supply, problems of privacy, risks, and management mechanisms because determining a method by which to ensure that personal identification data is not leaked and misused is a very serious issue. This also involves the concept of “risk,” as Beck, Giddens, Lash & Urry (1994) mentioned in their discussion of “Risk Society” in the “Second Modernity.” As a result, risk management is vital, especially the recognition of how risk diverges among people. This essay therefore focuses on the following: how to choose a proper personal identification tool, the establishment of a personal identification database and the creation of a set of safe enquiry mechanisms, which includes both inquiry rights and inquiry methods. This inquiry method contains both public usage and personal usage, based on group decisions and self-decisions, respectively. Furthermore there should be laws established to punish offenders. Thus, this paper not only provides a method for using personal identification to benefit people, but also offer cures intended to prevent risk by using a special enquiry mechanism. Consequently, the e-government will be able to actively provide tailored services and provide welfare to the population. More important, this decision making mechanism model could be widely applied to solve similar kind of problems, especially in the diverged era. Besides, this kind of integrative platforms could be applied to different ministries as a basic infrastructure to achieve the aims of openness, transparency, knowledge accumulation, etc. on the part of e-governments.

1024 - 1036

Authors: Elif Yılmaz

The problem of the implementation of the legal norms in terms of time implies the determination of the dates of enforcement and abolition of legal norms, and applying or not applying these norms to the events that occur before the date of enforcement or after abolition. Within this scope, in law, the application of the later enacted legal rules to the events or proceedings occured in the past is called “retroactıvity”. But the rule is non-retroactivity of legal norms. Parallel to this principle, administrative transactions show their legal effects from the moment they enter into force and non-retroactivity principle of administrative transactions is a requirement in administrative law accepted both in doctrine and judicial decisions. But some exceptions to this rule are available in practice. In this study, the application of the principle of non-retroactivity in terms of taxational and the other administrative transactions in Turkish law will be discussed, an assessment of the curent legal situation will be made in terms of the principles of legal security and the non-retroactivity.

1041-1052

Authors: Oya Eru, Çağrı Köroğlu

One of the important topics in the marketing litareture is word of mouth marketing. Word of mouth marketing, can be defined as the exchange of people's ideas about products or services. Because of the low cost for businesses and positive impact on the purchasing behavior of consumers, word of mouth marketing has become a very important marketing tool both for product and service sectors. Financial advisory services, has a very important place in the service sector and there is an exchange of ideas between the users of accounting services too. Therefore, the concept of word of mouth marketing, also can be applied to taxpayers who use accounting services. Costumers (taxpayers) who satisfied with the accounting service which they use, will loyal to financial advisors and will share this satisfaction with relatives. Proceeding from this point, the effect of word of mouth marketing for selection of a financial advisor has been examined in the study. In the study, descriptive research model has been used. Because of a few articles in the literature on this subject indicates the importance of the study. By the reason of benefiting from word of mouth marketing, to build a relationship with customers for create awareness for financial advisors in the future, makes this study important too. For this purpose it has been applied a questionnaire, which investigates the effect of word of mouth marketing to select a financial advisor, to the selected sampling. The collected data has been analyzed using SPSS. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that word of mouth marketing affects the selection of financial advisors.

1070 - 1077

Authors: Derya Emir

The preoccupation with skin color and other physical qualities of black men to legitimize colonialism and imperialism were of significance in South African history. The implementation of racism, discrimination, and exploitation in South Africa was unprecedented because apartheid was employed to the majority of blacks systematically and institutionally by the colonizer countries. Apartheid régime, as an official policy of the Afrikaner government between 1948 and 1990, created huge disparity and discriminations between the whites and non-whites. Published in 1979, A Dry White Season is André Brink’s fifth novel and it presents the enigmatic events that happen to Ben Du Toit and other black characters. The novel is the account of subjugation, illegal detentions, and murders of black people under the custody of the security police during and after of the Soweto uprising in South Africa. Setting his novel within the backdrop of the Soweto riots, Brink chooses a nameless narrator to narrate the turbulent events which reflects the brutality of apartheid during the 1970s and 1980s. Contented with his wife and his three children, Ben is killed mysteriously in a hit and run accident. The mysterious death of the protagonist and the events are narrated by a nameless narrator who was Ben’s former university roommate. By disregarding the intimidation and seizures, Ben assumes responsibility to research the illegal detentions and tortures individually. This study explores the issues of torture, state violence, and arbitrary arrests of black peoples during the apartheid years in South Africa.

1089 - 1101

Authors: Assiye Aka

On self-identification is a thinking problem. Rather the person is about to become visible unconsciously formed perception of the process. According to Castells (2006: 12) is the people's sense of identity and a source of experience. According to him, talking about the social actors in reference to identity, meaning, a cultural trait or a set of interrelated meanings given priority compared to other sources is built on a foundation of cultural identity. The essence of the issue of identity is shaped by their similarities and differences .Subject of this paper claimed that there were multiple identities in today's world of different age identities (the Balkan Immigrants and Native Çanakkale) feelings and thoughts that have been developed against each other to determine what is going on. This is in line with the findings of observations and the different identities that you can discuss the possibilities of living together, which is on the ground. Research, quantitative research technique, a questionnaire-survey method was used. The study population by creating Çanakkale Central Region with 200 persons were surveyed by means of purposive sampling. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS Windows program and data was analyzed by creating a one-way and two-way frequency tables.

1120 - 1131

Authors: Muhammet Katipoğlu, Bilal Öncü

In this study it is aimed to determine the reasons of social studies teacher candidates having difficulties in perceiving the mathematics. For this purpose qualitative research method was used. The study was carried out under a special case study. Semi-structured interview technique was used as data collection instrument which was prepared and validity analysis were made by researchers. A total of fifteen people consisting of five students from each classrooms which are second, third and fourth constitute the sample group who study in Akdeniz University Faculty of Education, Social Studies Teacher Education. NVivo software programme is used to analyze the interview. With the help of data obtained from the study the reasons of difficulty in mathematic courses and mathematic education according to social studies teacher candidates and the relationship among these reasons will be discussed. The proposals that are required to eliminate the perception of “difficult” about mathematics will be presented.

1142 - 1153

Authors: Fatma Ünal, Emine Ela Kök

The purpose of this study is to examine parents who have children between the ages of 0-6 about fatherhood role. This research comprises voluntary mothers and fathers having children between the ages of 0-6 who live in Antalya. The design of this study is a qualitative phenomenological research in nature. Interviews were made with voluntary mothers and fathers within this research. Data collection was done through a semi-structured interview form. A pilot study was done with the interview form also functionalities of questions were checked. After the pilot study, the interview form was created and applied to the participants. The data obtained was coded and analyzed through content analysis. The findings obtained are significant both in term of analysing the views of parents about the role of father on child development, the role of father on childcare, the role of father on child training and revealing the similarities and differences of parents’ views on the role of fatherhood.

1169-1177

Authors: Orcun Alpay

Venedict Vasilyevich Yerofeyev is one of the leading writers of Russian postmodern literature. Having learnt how to write and read when he’s just five years old, he’s obtained various information from history to politics, music to art, philosophy to religion, and for him Bible is the book which he cannot live without. Yerofeyev who knows the Bible by heart has always been proud of it. The Bible which has an important place in his life also reflected to his works. One can face with quotes from the Bible both in his diaries and works. From Moscow to Petushki which was written by the end of 1969 and brought the real fame to the writer is the strikest example of this. The work which is about a physical and spiritual journey in company with alcohol of the autobiographic hero who carries the same name Venichka with the writer is named as “Alcoholic Russian Bible” because of using statements referring to the Bible sometimes in it’s original language literary and sometimes by the way of allusion, metaphor and periphrase. Being used for Venichka to express plenty of feelings and things, Biblical phrases reflect to the whole work as an effective factor of postmodern narrative which aims at constructing an impressive and allusive narration. Making use of Bible’s holiness writer tries to mythcise himself and his hero. In this context, finding out the quotes from the Bible which forms an important stratum of the work and their position in the narration are aimed to be revealed in the study.

1185-1196

Authors: Hayriye Ünlü, Saniye Taşkın, Nalan Özhan Elbaş

Nurses have important role about the processes of protection, development and improvement of the public and individuals health. Determining students' learning styles can be improved to the quality of education, to increase professional success and students can be satisfied with the education they receive. In this study, it is aimed to determine the nursing student's learning style. Method: The research is completed by 148 students accepting to attend. To carry out the research, it is gotten permission from Başkent University Social and Humanities Research Institution. To collect the data, BIG16 Learning Styles Inventory was used to decide the learning styles of the students. Finding: Average of age of the students is 22,01. It is stated that %58,8 of the students choose the Nursing Programme in their 1-5 choice. Most of the students say that they choose this programme because of the guarantee of finding a job. It is stated that dominant learning styles of the students is visual. Second styles of them is auditory. Third style of them is physical. Conclusion: According to this study, it is planned that educators and students should be informed of learning styles. It is suggested that educators should arrange the education environment, choose and use consciously the approaches, learning strategies, methods, techniques and equipments by taking into consideration of learning styles of the students.

1205 - 1215

Authors: Ece Serrican

Today, each discipline constitutes a coherent whole itself and interacts with the different areas. It is seen that information and method exchanges are occurred along different disciplines. Each material used by any art is different. The literature that is one of these arts and uses the language as a material is originated to the very old times. At the beginning of the discipline of psychology gives a new perspective to the literature based on people. Methods that are used by both disciplines are intended to understand and to tell the human. The psychology science that is used in literature reviews is important since it includes the analysis of the work and the author. One of these analysis is the archetypal criticism method proposed by Carl Gustav Jung. Hero in literary works may exhibit both bright and dark appearance owing to the mask he wore against the environment “persona” face and press the “shadow” side. Any male hero can carry “animus” as the feminine side, and any female hero can exhibit “animus” as masculine side against the events. The archetypes such as trickster with cunning and cynical aspect, elderly wise with the wisdom and guidance, grandmother with fertility and abundance can be seen in the work.

1228 - 1238

Authors: Celal Gülşen, Şeyda Dayıoğlu

This research has been carried out to take the opinions of secondary school principals in the city of the İstanbul about the criteria employed for the assignments of school principals and to give sug-gestions to those concerned. The sampling of this research is composed of school principals who were chosen by the appropirate sampling method and who worked in secondary schools in 2014-2015 academic year, in İstanbul. The findings were uploaded to SPSS programme and assesed by using the variant analysis in compliance with demographic variables. The probable differantiations between principal appointment criteria with demographic variables were analyzed by Mann Whitney U Test. When the findings were analysed, it has been observed that there is a meaningful difference with regards to sex, age, seniority variance in management but, no difference, on the other hand, with regards to faculty. When observed on the basis of articles, there is a high level of agreement with regards to the following articles; “Principal assignments needs to be done before the academic year”, “Objective, measurable, dioristic criteria must be taken as basis in the reassingment of principals”, “Based on these findings assignments of school principalls must be done before the academic year and appointments to school must be done according to achievment indicators”.

1253 - 1267

Authors: Zeki Çakmak, Halime Gürdal

This study aim to determination of distinctive elements of job satisfaction level and communication level of research assistants at faculty of economics and administrative sciences with discriminant analysis. With this aim, prepared scale applied to fourty four research assistants, the data which obtained from the scale analyzed with discriminant analysis. According to discriminant analysis result, four variables which are obtained from job satisfaction scale show that research assistants with high level and medium level of job satisfaction are distinguished with respectively %100 and %93.3 correctness. In the same way, according to discriminant analysis result, four variables which are obtained from communication scale show that research assistants with low level, medium level and high level of communication are distinguished with respectively %100,%80 and %100 correctness.

1274 - 1282

Authors: Yasemin Gürsoy

Second World War influences Russia, Russian folk and also Russian Literature deeply. This subject is often dealt in the belles-lettres of both during war time and after war time. Most of the authors who narrates war times in their works of art have taken part in war and they reflect the hard truths to their work of art. One of those authors, Konstantin Dmitrievich Vorobyov has been sent to the front line as a cadet, was captured, stayed in concentration camps and prisoners, escaped from the camp with his own means and returned to the front line, have experienced the war at all points. Vorobyov who narrates his war experiences in a realist way, wrote “Slain near Moscow” in 1961 is one of the important work of art which reveals the war and psychology of the people who went to war. We aimed to prove the relationship between war and men imaged in the story of “Slain near Moscow”.

1296 - 1304

Authors: Serdar Ceyhun, Nedim Malkoç

The study was carried out in order to examine the communication skills of School of Physical Education and Sports in terms of different variables. 293 students attended to Karabük University Hasan Doğan School of Physical Education and Sports during 2014-2015 formed the study group. Communication Skills Assessment Scale which was developed by Korkut (1996) was used in the study. As a result of the study, it was found that although there was no significant difference in terms of gender between communication skills of students attending to Karabük University Hasan Doğan School of Physical Education and Sports, female students are highly skilled in communication than male students. It was also found that there is a significant difference between the communication skills of the students attending to Karabük University Hasan Doğan School of Physical Education and Sports in terms of grade levels. The study is expected to contribute especially to physical education teacher candidates’ communication problems and possible solutions of these problems.

1314 - 1326

Authors: Nil Didem Şimşek

Native language classes aim to provide gain in four skill areas in that language. This is only achieved through the textbooks and the texts in these books. The more the number of texts and text types the students study in the 8th grade, the more successful they will be in the 9th grade literature classes. Reading, understanding and examining the reading comprehension texts in native language textbooks, the students achieve different writing and producing skills. Aiming to develop native language skills, native language classes are essential for every country; as in these classes, the native language is used in the most active way; mental skills are developed; and the students’ vocabulary is enriched. The aim of this research is to compare the native language (English) textbooks for 8th grades in various states in the USA and the native language (Turkish) textbooks for 8th grades in Turkey in terms of theme/unit and text types. In the research, two books have been examined with descriptive analysis method; and have been compared both thematically and in terms of text types. Independent from the curricula or the framework programmes of both countries, this study focuses only on theme/unit and text type. In this way, the study points out the range of native language textbooks used in these two countries with different cultures, geographies and histories in terms of theme/unit and text type. Through the data obtained in the research, the inadequacies of 8th grade Turkish textbooks have been determined; and thus, the study has paved the way for different research that will be helpful for the students.