Buletin Kebun Raya

9-14

Authors: Sofi Mursidawati, Irawati Irawati, Ngatari Ngatari

Rafflesia spp. (Rafflesiaceae) have a strategic value from both scientific and conservation viewpoints. To date only very few attempts have succeeded in growing the species ex situ and the main protection measures have been by in situ conservation. More detailed studies are required to understand the relationships between Rafflesia spp. and their host plants in order to improve their management and conservation. Studies on the anatomy, in vitro culture and seed germination in connection with conservation have been conducted in the Bogor Botanic Gardens. Effort to transfer Rafflesia patma to an ex situ conservation area has produced some flowers. However, we encountered a bigger challenge to maintain the long term presence of R. patma in ex situ conservation, since a high number of individuals is required to make the viable population.

25-34

Authors: Lazarus Agus Sukamto, Reni Lestari, Winda Utami Putri

Buah avokad mempunyai kandungan nutrisi yang sangat baik bagi masyarakat khususnya kandungan lemak tidak jenuh dan protein yang tertinggi bila dibandingkan jenis buah lain. Untuk tujuan komersial, tanaman avokad perlu diperbanyak secara vegetatif untuk memperoleh bibit yang telah terbukti kualitas dan kuantitas tinggi, serta berbuah lebih awal. Keberhasilan penyambungan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kesegaran entres. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan dan pertumbuhan sambungan tanaman avokad dengan menggunakan entres yang disimpan dalam pelepah batang pisang selama dua hingga sembilan hari. Parameter pengamatan meliputi persentase tingkat hidup sambungan, pertumbuhan panjang, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, dan panjang percabangan batang atas setiap bulan sampai enam bulan. Data pertumbuhan dianalisis secara statistik dengan ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan. Lama penyimpanan entres berpengaruh terhadap tingkat hidup hasil sambungan dan pertumbuhan batang atas avokad. Rerata tingkat hidup bibit sambungan avokad terus menurun dari 99,5% pada umur satu bulan sampai 71% pada umur enam bulan setelah penyambungan, tetapi tidak mengalami penurunan setelah lima bulan penyambungan. Penyimpanan entres avokad dalam pelepah pisang dapat dipertahankan kesegarannya selama sembilan hari, yaitu tingkat hidup sambungan 60% - 84% enam bulan setelah penyambungan. Ada kecenderungan bahwa makin lama penyimpanan entres, makin menurun pertumbuhan batang atas avokad; sebaliknya makin lama umur penyambungan, makin meningkat pertumbuhan batang atas avokad, kecuali jumlah cabangnya yang relatif tidak meningkat setelah dua bulan penyambungan.

45-56

Authors: Gytha Nafisah Sukara, Yeni Aryati Mulyani, Endang Koestati Sri Harini Muntasib

Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya Bogor - Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (PKT KRB – LIPI) adalah tujuan wisata favorit dengan pengunjung lebih dari 800,000 orang setiap tahunnya. Kebun Raya yang memiliki keragaman tumbuhan koleksi dengan lanskap paripurna, menjadi habitat ideal beranekaragam jenis burung. Untuk mengetahui potensinya bagi pengembangan wisata birdwatching di PKT KRB - LIPI, dilakukan penelitian melalui studi literatur, pengamatan langsung dan wawancara antara bulan Mei dan Juli 2013. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tercatat 48 jenis dari 23 suku burung yang dapat ditemukan pada lokasi tersebut. Sebanyak 26 jenis dari 18 suku burung dapat selalu dijumpai dari penelitian sebelumnya hingga saat ini, ada 10 jenis yang belum pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya dan ada sembilan jenis yang tersebar merata di 12 lingkungan di PKT KRB - LIPI. Setidaknya ada 25 jenis potensial untuk wisata birdwatching berdasarkan minat pengunjung terhadap jenis burung tertentu, status konservasi, endemisitas, dan keberadaan burung dari waktu ke waktu.

85-91

Authors: Wiguna Rahman, Lina Juairiah

Ekinase (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) a medicinal plant that has immunostimulatory activity. This plant has been cultivating in Tawangmangu region by Medicinal Plant and Traditional Medicine Research and Development Office since 2002. Ten accessions of E. purpurea were found based on their morphological variation, three accessions of them are selected as promising accessions namely BH2, BHU3 dan BHU5. The objective of this research was to observe the genetic diversity of those promising accessions and 8 variants accession from mass selection year I using RAPD analysis. Those accessions were amplified using 10 RAPD primers. A total of 64 scorable fragments were generated from 9 RAPD primers, among which 48 fragments (75%) were polymorphic. The Dice coefficient was used to calculated the genetic similarity and UPGMA was used to generate the dendogram. The genetic similarity index among accessions evaluated ranged from 75,49-84,21% thus indicating that low level of genetic diversity. RAPD analysis proved to be efficient for genetic diversity of ekinase accessions from mass selection year I.

101-113

Authors: Mangunah Mangunah, Ibnul Qayim, Inggit Puji Astuti

Averrhoa dolichocarpa is a wild starfruit from Papua and Averrhoa leucopetala is a wild starfruit from Gorontalo. Both starfruits have unique characters of the leaves, inflorescence, flowers, and fruits. The study was conducted from February 2012 to May 2012 by observing the wild starfruits collections of Bogor Botanical Garden. Innitiation of Averrhoa dolichocarpa inflorescence takes 8-14 days, the small bud growing in 11-15 days, after one day the large bud will open and the anthesis last after 3 days. The fruit will develop and mature after 40-45 days. The flower and fruit drop rate is quite high, mostly caused by strong wind. The chlorophyll content of the leaves are very dynamic and influence by the environment and the wide of the canopy. Whereas initiation of Averrhoa leucopetala inflorescence needs 30-34 days, the small bud growing in 12-15 days, the large flower bud will open after 1 day, anthesis last after 5 days, and the fruit development needs 40-42 days to mature. Anthesis of the flowers occurred at 4:00 to 6:00 a.m. The flower and fruit drop rate is also quite high. The chlorophyll content is more static and tends to increase when the fruit developed.

131-145

Authors: Ina Erlinawati, Eka Fatmawati Tihurua

Alocasia, Colocasia and Remusatia are the genera of Araceae family which have high economic value, such as for food and ornamental plants. Those three genera, previously treated as Colocasieae tribe. Later, based on Nauheimer, L. et al. study in 2012, using plastid and nuclear DNA, Alocasia is placed in different tribe. Study on leaf anatomy of Araceae is still poor known. Comparison of three genera of Araceae, indicates a difference in the epidermis. Alocasia and Colocasia have stomata on both leaf surfaces (amphistomatic) but Remusatia has stomata only limited on the lower surface. The three genera can be distinguished from epidermal cell shape, stomata complex and the presence of stomata.

17-26

Authors: Sahromi Sahromi

The research was conducted to understand seed germination and seedling growth of Artocarpus altissimus. The experimental design used was completely randomized with 2 factors, i.e. seed storability and media factors for the response capacity of germination, media and NPK fertilizer factors for seedling growth response (height and number of leaves). The result showed that A. altissimus seeds had long enough storability/ potential age without a period of dormancy. Storability, media and interaction both showed very significant effect on the germination capacity with the highest mean value on the storability category of 3 and 1 month and media category of compost and sand. On variable of seedlings height, NPK fertilizer showed significant effect, media and interaction of media and NPK had very significant effect with the best factor category was a media category of TSKn (soil, chaff and manure).

37-50

Authors: Nuril Hidayati, M. Mansur, Titi Juhaeti

This research aims to assess the contribution of biological diversity in CO2 absorption by analyzing the physiological characteristics (CO2 absorption, transpiration, stomatal conductance, leaf chlorophyll content) of tree species in a conservation area of “Ecopark”, Cibinong. The results were meant to provide information on CO2 absorption of some tree species suitable for revegetation. The results showed that there was a wide range of variation of CO2 assimilation rate among tree species. The overall CO2 assimilation rate ranged from 2.86 to 16.45 µmolm-2s-1. The highest CO2 absorption was Pometia pinnata (16.45 molm-2s-1), followed by Garcinia xanthochymus (11.40 µmolm-2s-1), Syzygium polyanthum (10.99 µmolm-2s-1), Syzygium polycepaliodes (10.89 µmolm-2s-1), and Palaquium obtusifolium (10.41 µmolm-2s-1). Transpiration rate was recorded between 1.29 mmolm-2s-1 (Maniltoa grandiflora) and 7.85 mmolm-2s-1 (Euphoria longan). The rate of CO2 assimilation was affected by solar radiation and thus the quantum leaf (Q leaf), stomatal conductance, as well as leaf chlorophyll content. Trees species that have characteristics of high CO2 absortion and efficient in maintaining water balance (low transpiration rate), are suitable for green house gas mitigation.

58-73

Authors: Siti Nurfadilah

Phosphorous (P) is one of the essential minerals for plant growth and development. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Phosphorous on Rhyncostylis retusa seedlings in in vitro culture and to investigate the optimum P concentration for growth and development of the plantlet. Protocorms derived from seed were inoculated on KC (Knudson C) media with a range of P concentrations (0 mM; 0.42 mM; 0.84 mM, and 1.2 mM). The result showed that phosphorus influenced the growth and the development of R. retusa seedlings. Growth and development of the seedlings were inhibited on control treatment (0 MM), while seedlings on P concentration of 0.42 mM; 0.84 mM, and 1.2 mM grew better.

71-80

Authors: Sofi Mursidawati, Sunaryo Sunaryo

As an endoparasite, growth and development of Rafflesia occurred inside the host tissue. This cryptic habit is one factor hindering our understanding on how the relationship of host-parasite began. The anatomical study on host-parasite tissue is the approached used in this study. Using infected root tissue of Rafflesia patma, anatomical figures depicting the early event of infection to perfect stage of a flower was derived. However, more study is still required to completely represent the whole life growth and development of Rafflesia during its early stage as endophyte.

93-102

Authors: Erlin Rachman, Eka Fatmawati Tihurua, Sunaryo Sunaryo

In order to know the habitat preference gradation for gall-forming insects from the border to the middle of the habitat or more precise the edge effect on the galling existence and the expansion ability of local gall to infect on non indigenous species, observation of all plant life collections block by block in the Bogor Botanic Garden were done. Host plant and galling insect species composition differed quite characteristically between the edge and the interior of paths, but did not for galling insect richness. Insect gall richness was expressed as the ratio between insect gall and host plant richness (gall per plant ratio) and in the same time a weak relationship of insect species–area was found. Our results suggest that the number of galling insects per individual plant is not affected by the size of the patch. Despite these results, the natural forest patches are found in this region seem well suited for long-term studies addressing species–area relationships.

116-120

Authors: Inggit Puji Astuti, Mahat Magandhi, Maman Suratman, Risa Maulida

Bauhinia is one of the largest genus in Caesalpiniaceae family and distributed in all tropical area. One among 300 species of Bauhinia is Bauhinia pottsii G. Don. This species is distributed from Southern Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malay Peninsular, Borneo, Sumatra, Jawa, Bali and Lesser Sunda islands. It was recorded that one specimen was originated from East Kalimantan and collected in 1925. During exploration in Kampung Temula, Kecamatan Nyuatan, Kabupaten Kutai Barat, East Kalimantan, Bauhinia pottsii G. Don var pottsii was found after about 87 years.

10-19

Authors: Ida Bagus Ketut Arinasa

The diversity of mangrove at West Bali National Park has not been reported completely. The exploration was conducted from 12 - 16 June, 2011 from Banyuwedang to Gilimanuk and from Gilimanuk to Sumbersari-Melaya mangrove forests. The result showed that 18 families consist of 21 genera and 28 mangrove species were recorded at West Bali National Park, these are 11,5% of the Indonesian mangroves.

30-35

Authors: Iyan Robiansyah

Plant communities have been attracting many scientists due to their complexity and unclear underlying mechanisms that support it. How large numbers of competing plant species manage to coexist, for instance, is one of the major unresolved questions in plant community ecology. Ecological niche concept is a classical theory which tries to address this question. The development of this concept will be presented in this paper. Recent studies, although few in number and incomplete in many ways, do suggest that plants segregate along various environmental niche axes. Although it is unlikely that niche separation along environmental axes is the only mechanism of coexistence in any large community, the evidence now suggests that ecological niche concept plays a more significant role than has been previously appreciated.

46-55

Authors: Trimanto Trimanto

Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is a potential local crop for supporting food security program in Indonesia. Inventory and characterization of yam have been conducted in scattered population at Nganjuk region - East Java. The research was aimed to identify the characteristic of Nganjuk’s yam, based on the tuber morphology and to determine its similarity distance value. The characterisation were analyzed using interval similarity function, based on NTSys DICE coefficient programme. The result showed that 22 accession numbers which comprises of 13 variants of yam were found in Nganjuk region. The same variants of yams indicated by their close similarity distance although they were originated from different areas.