Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Stiinte reale si ale naturii

3-7

Authors: Iurie BACALOV, Aurelia CRIVOI, Adriana DRUŢA, Elena CHIRIŢA, Iulian PARA, Ana ILIEŞ

This article contains relevant information about the immunomodulatory properties of biologically active preparations in the prophylaxis of acute infections in the context of the current pandemic. The results of the study demonstrated the effectiveness of phyto- and bee preparations in maintaining homeostasis, also emphasizing recommendations that would exclude the occurrence of acute infections and complications.

17-22

Authors: Luminița SUVEICA, Vlad ROȘCA, Aurelia CRIVOI, Iurie BACALOV, Elena CHIRIŢA, Lidia COJOCARI, Ana BÎRSAN, Adriana DRUȚA , Ana ILIEŞ, Iulian PARA, Ilona POZDNEACOVA

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease characterized by increased body weight at the expense of the fatty tissue. In the last decades, it has become one of the most common nutrition diseases in the world, with the magnitude of a pandemic, being considered the disease of the century according to a WHO report. Tens of millions of people have been infected with the new coronavirus worldwide, and many of them have suffered from severe symptoms that have often led to death. Humanity lives during one of the most difficult times of this generation.

27-32

Authors: Ștefan RUSU, Maria ZAMORNEA, Dumitru ERHAN, Oleg CHIHAI, Ion GOLOGAN, Nicolai BOTNARU, Cristina ANDONI, Viorelia RUSU, Nina CHIHAI, Mihail PORCESCU

În the traditional poultry farming system, the extent of the invasion is increased (100%), thus contributing to the mass spread of parasitic agents and to the massive environmental pollution. Irregular deworming or sometimes even lack thereof, the uninterrupted contact of domestic birds with wild ones, as well as the massive pollution of bird´s sites with parasitic elements with various forms of infestation, is the cause of maintaining a high level of infestation.

39-48

Authors: Emilia BEHTA, Olga BURDUNIUC, Victoria BUCOVA, Olga CRACIUN, Maria BIVOL, Aurelia BURDUNIUC, Olga BRÎNZA, Maria GRUMEZA, Greta BALAN

This article is the result of an analysis of the most relevant publications in the medical literature on the importance of natural sources in the antimicrobial discovery. Literary sources were selected by searching the following databases: PubMed/Medline, virtual health library (LILACS and SciELO) and Science Direct Publisher Site, Europe PMC free article, Cross Ref. The purpose of this review was to carry out a bibliographic analysis of scientific articles devoted to the study of the antimicrobial activity of various products of natural origin. The authors of this study evaluated the therapeutic potential of antimicrobial agents from natural sources and identified the main trends in the study of such resources in our country and abroad. They also presented the advantages and disadvantages of natural antimicrobials and emphasized the prospects of using the antimicrobial properties of various natural agents as an alternative to classical antibacterial drugs.

54-59

Authors: Alina BEȘLIU, Oleg CHISELIȚA, Natalia CHISELIȚA, Nadejda EFREMOVA, Elena TOFAN, Ana LOZAN

In this paper are evaluated the results on the optimization of autolysis conditions and the extraction of cellular components following the fractionation of beer yeast sediment biomass. Autolysis was performed by using glacial acetic acid and sodium phosphate buffer as induction factors, at temperatures of + 37°C and + 45°C, for 8 hours, with periodic stirring. It was found that the maximum amount of protein and carbohydrates were obtained in the experimental variant in which sodium phosphate buffer was used at +45°C. The obtained results present an opportunity for application in biotechnology for the processing of brewer's yeast sediments and implementation in various fields, especially in the zootechnic sector.

64-68

Authors: Anatolii MOGÎLDA

The paper presents the results of the research of the comparative reaction of a set of 40 sesame varieties and lines to the action of the water stress created by its modelling in laboratory conditions. Initially, various concentrations of polyethylene glycol PEG 6000 (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) were tested on the seeds of 5 samples in order to determine the optimal condition for carrying out the evaluations. It was established that for the elucidation of the drought tolerance of the collection samples, the concentration of 15% of PEG 6000 should be used. Following the study, it was concluded that out of the total number of estimated genotypes, 5 can be considered the most resistant, with the degree of inhibition included. Between 41.98-51.71%, for 13 samples considered tolerant, the degree of inhibition varies from 53.56 to 60.71%, in 11 samples with low stability of functions during stress and high reversal capacity, the degree of inhibition is between 61,78% - 68,49% and in 11 sensitive samples with low stability and low ability to restore functions, the degree of inhibition is the highest with values from 69.39 to 77.02%.

74-78

Authors: Ирина КОЛОМИЕЦ

This study focused on the distribution of heat fluxes of solar radiation with model corollas of red, yellow and blue colours. It was found that blue corollas absorb less solar energy than red corollas, which confirms the existence of a geographic and seasonal convergence of corolla coloration. The species with a blue corolla are more adapted to low temperatures, while those with a red corolla are more adapted to high temperatures.

83-86

Authors: Василе ТОДИРАШ, Мария МЕЛНИК, Светлана ПРИСАКАРЬ, Леонид ОНОФРАШ, Анжела ЛУНГУ, Штефан РУСУ, Думитру ЕРХАН

The stimulating effect of root nodule – colonising bacteria of the Rhizobium genera on the growth and development of corn plants was studied. Also, the effect of bacteria on phytoparasitary nematodes of genera Ditylenchus (Ditylenchus destructor) was investigated.

91-100

Authors: Gheorghe NOVAC

The number of many hunting animals and birds depends on the abundance, availability and quality of the food, as they are sensitive to the given requirements. As a result of this study carried by the analysis of the literature and the observations from the field, the following characteristic elements of PFNL with forage value were established: the phylum, the class, the botanical family, the scientific name and the author, the biological cycle, the biological form, the flowering and fruiting phenophase, the forage part of the plant, the fauna that consumes them and the abundance. Following the research carried out through the analysis of the specialized literature and through the field observations, I have drawn up the conspectus of the fodder vascular forest flora from the Republic of Moldova, which includes 3 phyla, 5 classes, 68 botanical families, 211 genres with 418 species.

113-118

Authors: Ianina ULCHINA, Victor TSAPCOV, Vasilii GRAUR, Aurelian GULEA

The paper presents the synthesis of the 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde N(4)-allyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (H2L) and seven coordination compounds of copper with this ligand and heteroaromatic amines. The new obtained compounds were in¬vestigated by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and molar electric conductibility. For the synthesized compounds the antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro were studied on a series of standard strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Candida krusei (ATCC 6258). The nature of heteroaromatic amines influences the activity of the coordination compounds that decreases in the following way: 3,4-Lut > 1,10-Phen > 2,2’-Bpy > Py > 4-Pic > 3-Pic. Almost all studied substances manifest high antioxidant activity towards ABTS•+ that exceeds the activity of Trolox which is used as standard antioxidant.

127-139

Authors: Elena NEGUȚA

The paper focuses on the analysis of the literature on the synthesis, structural characterisation and biological properties of coordination compounds of copper (II) with 2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazones and its derivatives. It has been established that biological activity of the coordination compounds dependents on the composition and structure of the complexes, especially on the substituents in the pyridine fragment and on the N(4) nitrogen atom of the thiosemicarbazones.

144-149

Authors: Angela SÎRBU, Oleg PALAMARCIUC

The 5-sulfosalicylaldehyde 4-ethylthiosemicarbazone (NaH2LEt) has an ionic structure, is water soluble, forming a coordination compound with nickel (II), spectrally characterised by maximum absorption of 372 nm. The nickel-ligand mo¬lar¬ ratio is 1:1. The optimal conditions and molar absorptivity of the dominant species were determined by spectro¬photo¬metric study.

157-166

Authors: Larisa MOCANU, Maria GONȚA, Vera MATVEEVICI, Veronica PORUBIN-SCHIBĂTOR

This paper describes a study of photocatalytic oxidation of AMX by titanium dioxide from synthetic solutions in an open photochemical reactor with titanium oxide (IV) and hydrogen peroxide under UV irradiation (254 nm) in a weakly acidic medium. The photochemical oxidation process was carried out in order to optimize the physicochemical conditions for the degradation and efficient oxidation/mineralization of the antibiotic (AMX). Thus, at pH value 3.8, a 200 mg/L dose of TiO2 photo catalyst, and 34 mg/L oxidant concentration (H2O2) lead to AMX degradation rate of 1-2% and an oxidation/mineralization degree, on average, of 92% at a substrate concentration of 100 mg/L. At concen-trations 200 and 300 mg/L of antibiotic, the degradation rate is 55% after 300 seconds and 65% after 180 seconds, respectively. The oxidation/mineralization degree averages 97-98% and increases insignificantly when increasing the oxidation time from 60 seconds to 1200 seconds. Although the treatment process occurs up to 98%, the concentration of the remaining compounds is high (10-12 mgO/L), which indicates the presence of stable organic compounds that are difficult to oxidize under the above conditions.

177-185

Authors: Виктор КОВАЛЕВ, Ольга КОВАЛЕВА

The conditions of sulphur compounds interaction with low-molecular products of microbiological splitting of organic compounds fusion with the thiols formation are discussed. The study describes the methods of preventing these processes and thiol compounds elimination from waste waters with the help of iron-containing reagent generated through the galvano-chemical dissolving of steel chip wastes. Authors present the complex technological scheme of household waste waters purification from sulphur compounds along with the sludge deodorization.

03-15

Authors: Aurelian GULEA, Victor ȚAPCOV, Diana CEBOTARI, Olga GARBUZ

Three 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 4-(dimethylphenyl)thiosemicarbazones (H2L1-3) were obtained. 47 coor-di¬¬na¬¬tion compounds of copper, cobalt, nickel and iron were obtained by interaction of corresponding metal salts with H2L1-3 and various amines or sulfanylamides, for which the composition was established based on the data of the elementary analysis: Cu(HL1-2)X·nH2O (X = Cl-, Br-, ClO4-, NO3-, n = 0, 4), Co(HL1-2)2X (X = Cl-, NO3-), Cu(L1-3)A (A= H2O; Im; 2,2’-Bipy; o-Phen; 3,5-Br2py; Sf1-4), Fe(HL1)2X·nH2O (X = Cl-, NO3-; n = 0, 2), Ni(L1-2)H2O și Ni(H2L1)(L1)·C2H5OH. Thiosemicarbazones H2L1-3 behave as single- or double-deprotonated mono- or tridentate ligands in the composition of synthesized complexes. Magnetochemical research showed that the copper coordination compounds have mononuclear or polynuclear structures. The synthesized cobalt and nickel compolexes are diamagnetic. Coordina¬tion compounds that are described in this paper do not show antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, but exhibit bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and fungi in the range 0.00006 – 1.0 mg/mL. The nature of central atom, thiosemicarabzone, amine, sulfanylamide and acid residue has an influence on the antimicrobial activity of the coordination compounds. For coordination compounds with similar composition it changes in the following way: Cu  Ni ˃˃ Fe  Co; H2L3 ˃ H2L2 ˃ H2L1; NO3- Br- ˃ ClO4- ˃ Cl-; 2,2’-Bpy ˃ 3,5-Br2Py ˃ Im ˃ o-Phen; Sf4  Sf3  Sf2  Sf1. These complexes exhibit antioxidant activity in the range of concentrations 10-5-10-7 mol/L and are 1.6-9 times more active than Trolox that is used in medicine as a standard for determining the antioxidant properties of natural and synthetic compounds.

24-31

Authors: Nelea POPA, Ion BULIMESTRU, Aurelian GULEA

The paper focuses on the synthesis and study of a series of heterometallic coordination compounds of lanthanides(III) and bismuth(III) with the general formula LnBi(ttha)·nH2O (ttha6- = triethylenetetraaminehexaacetate) as molecular pre¬cursors for getting BiLnO3 mixed-oxides. Based on the IR spectra, the presence of two series of analogous complexes was established (Ln(III) = La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, where n=7 and Ln(III) = Ho, Er, where n=10). Thermogravimetric analysis performed in oxygen flow results in the formation of the expected BiLnO3 oxides at already 600oC, while in nitrogen flow this process is not completed even at 900oC. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of residues obtained upon thermal decom¬po¬sition of the precursors confirmed that the heating rate and the nature of Ln(III) ions do not affect the composition of the final product, in all cases these are the expected pure BiLnO3 heterometallic oxides.

38-47

Authors: Larisa MOCANU, Maria GONȚA, Vera MATVEEVICI

This paper describes a study of catalytic oxidation of AMX by Fenton process in aqueous solution. These chemicals are not biodegrading and under such conditions and chemical oxidation could be a very effective alternative treatment. The primary objective of this research was to optimize the parameters that influence the oxidation process of AMX and to evaluate the degradation of AMX by Fenton reagent. Several experimental studies have been performed in order to determine the degradation/mineralization effect and optimal concentrations of oxidant and catalyst. The initial concentra¬tions of the reactants ranged from 0.01 to 0.3 mM for Fe (II) and 1 to 5 mM for H2O2. The pH value was adjusted to 2.2 using 0.1 N H2SO4. As a result of laboratory research, it was found that the optimal ratio of Fe2+: H2O2: AMX is 1: 10: 2. It was concluded that the response effect of each independent variable depends on the value of the other, due to the existence of cross-interactions. Thus, any of the psysico-chemical parameters studied could positively or negatively influence the degrada¬tion of amoxicillin. As a result of the optimization process of the physico-chemical parameters, it was obtained that the maximum mineralization/ oxidation rate of amoxicillin has been 96%, and the degradation rate of AMX – 90%.

53-59

Authors: Tatiana ISAC-GUŢUL, Elena TUTOVAN

Fluorquinolones (FQ) are a class of antibiotics that manifest a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Due to their extensive usage, fluoroquinolones may enter the aquatic environment what constitutes a danger for the ecosystem and human health by causing the increase and spread of bacteria drug resistance. This is why it is very important to solve the problem of deep FQ oxidation by applying advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). It used UV, UV/H2O2, O3/UV, Fenton, photo-Fenton systems, in which free radicals are generated, the last one represent a cyclic process with regeneration of Fe2+ ions. The systems are the promising treatment options for wastewaters of pharmaceutical industry. In this paper was studied the kinetics of oxidation of four FQs – ofloxacin (OF), levofloxacin (LFX), ciprofloxacin (CPF) and moxifloxacin (MOX) under UV irradiation and by the UV-H2O2 system by the spectrophotometric method. Antibiotic concentrations varied from 12,5 to 30 mg/L. During the work „ ДРТ”-1000” lamp as a irradiation source was used.

75-84

Authors: Anna RUSNAC

This paper presents the study of the specialized literature on the synthesis and biological properties of the coordinating compounds of some 3d metals based on 4-aryl thiosemicarbazones. According to the specialized literature there are only one thiosemicarbazone of 2-acetylpyridine based on 4-ethyl aminobenzoate. Coordination compounds of 3d metals with 4-aryl thiosemicarbazones possess a wide range of biological activities, such as: antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, antitumor. Coordination compounds described in this paper have an increased inhibition capacity at the level of nanomolar concentrations (IC50= 0.01 - 0.001 μM) that exceeds tens and hundreds of times the antitumor activity, for example, of doxorubicin.

94-99

Authors: Svetlana GARAEVA, Ana LEORDA, Vlada FURDUI, Galina POSTOLATI

The processes of formation of a human somatotype are carried out on the basis of the individual belonging to a certain adaptive type and race, under the influence of natural environmental factors and anthropogenic effects. The biochemical and constitutional features of somatotypes should be taken into account when developing recommendations for the targeted formation of a sanogenic level of health.

111-120

Authors: Aurelia CRIVOI, Iurie BACALOV, Elena CHIRIŢA, Ana ILIEȘ, Adriana DRUŢA, Iulian PARA, Ilona POZDNEACOVA, Lidia COJOCARI

In today's society, the human being is increasingly exposed to influences from the external environment, to a lot of factors that act on his mental or physical state. As a result of the action of these factors, the man can enter a physical and emotional state called stress, when a reaction of the body develops. Stress also has a great influence on adolescents bosh in a cognitive way and in a creative one. It can both diminish os increase the emotional state, this depending much on the type of stress to which the person is subjected and on the personality type. The effects of stress being visible through a string of reactions of the body: emotive, creative, physiological and organizational.

125-129

Authors: Ilona POZDNEACOVA

Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is considered one of the most important natural compounds from stilbenoid family, which has the ability to influence effectively a various palette of physiological processes. It is known that in diabetes mellitus, the spectrum of thrombocyte disorders is quite complex, starting at the same time with disease installation and gradually amplifying in correlation with expressivity stages of this malady. In this way, investigation of resveratrol bioactivity on platelet dysfunction appearing as a result of diabetes evolution, can contribute to the identification of an optimal solution in stoppage of progressively vascular complications growth, associated with the hypercoagulability phenomenon.

135-139

Authors: Ong Vinh AN, Hoang Ngoc THAO, Hoang Xuan QUANG, Nguyen Thi TUYET, Ho Anh TUAN

A total number of 47 species of amphibians and reptiles were recorded during a recent field survey from Nam Dan district, Nghe An province (Vietnam). Including 13 amphibians species, 10 lizards species, 18 snakes species, and 6 turtles species. Among them, 10 species are rare, recorded in Vietnam Red Data Book (2007) and 5 species in IUCN Red List species (2019). Three species are recorded for the first time from Nghe An province: Ptyas carinata, Naja kaouthia, and Pelodiscus variegatus.

149-155

Authors: Ștefan RUSU

The aim of the research was to study the parasitic fauna composition in the wild boars from the natural reservation “Plaiul Fagului” of the Republic of Moldova. The wild boar (Sus scrofa) forms the bands and inhabiting the forests and nearby agricultural fields. The taxonomic composition of parasitic fauna is formed from various parasitic agents: 2 species of Trematoda Fasciola hepatica with extensivity of invasion 6,3% and intensivity of invasion of 2,6 samples, Dicro¬coelium lanceolatum – 12,6% and intensivity of invasion – 2,2 samples); the class Secernentea included 9 species (Trichocephalus suis – in 18,2% of cases, intensivity of invasion – 2,4 samples, Strongyloides ransomi identified in 70,4% cases, intensivity of invasion – 8,5 samples, Metastrongylus elongatus – in 64,6% cases, intensivity of cases – 4,5 samples, Oesophagostomum dentatum – in 19,4% cases, intensivity of invasion – 4,4 samples, Physocephalus sexalatus – in 4,1% cases, intensivity of invasion – 3,2 samples, Ascaris suum – in – 26,5% cases, intensivity of invasion – 6,4 samples, Hyostrongylus rubidus – in 15,8% cases, intensivity of invasion – 4,5 samples, Gongylonema pulchrum – 2,1% cases, intensivity of invasion – 3,2 samples, Globocephalus urosubulatus – in 36,8% cases, intensivity of invasion – 7,4 samples), Acantocephala class was represented with one species (Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus – in 2,4% cases, intensivity of invasion – one sample) and Isospora Class represented by one species Eimeria debliecki – in 42,4% cases with intensivity of invasion – 8,4 sample. Out of those 13 species identified in boars, two species (15,5%) are specific for boars only (Gongylonema pulchrum; Eimeria debliecki), eight species (61,5%) (Trichocephalus suis, Strongyloides ransomi, Metastrongylus elongatus, Oesopha¬gostomum dentatum, Physocephalus sexalatus, Ascaris suum, Hyostrongylus rubidus, Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus) are common for other wild and domestic animals and three species (23,0%) (Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocoelium lanceolatum and Globocephalus urosubulatus) are common for animals and humans.

164-168

Authors: Ion ROȘCA, Elisaveta ONICA, Alina CUTCOVSCHI-MUȘTUC, Nina CIORCHINĂ

The peculiarities of growth, propagation and cultivation of Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. plants in the Republic of Moldova have been studied and described. The most profitable methods of propagation have been the following: sowing freshly cleaned seeds in autumn, layering done in early spring (50%) and division – in autumn (85-90%). The success rate of rooting of treated semi-lignified cuttings was 10-15% higher as compared with untreated ones. The shrub, which bears fruit early from the age of 4-5 years, can serve as a source of raw materials in the agri-food, pharmaceutical and medicinal sectors, contributing significantly to health and food security, and can be cultivated in all dendrological regions of the republic. The creation of an industrial plantation of Amelanchier alnifolia requires 400-450 or even 600 seedlings, de¬pen¬ding on the planting scheme applied.