European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology

76-80

Authors: Usama Hamed Issa, Aly Ahmed, IM Salama and IA Elshinnawy

The construction of deep foundations has many challenges owing to increase the unforeseen parameters controlling the process of construction. Driven piles based on the Precast Reinforced Concrete (PRC) technology is considered one of the deepest foundations types that used in water structures in Egypt such as bridges. The construction process for such projects faces many challenges as the presence of several risk factors, which have significant effects on the project objectives (i.e. cost, time, quality and scope) although there are huge investments spent on these types of projects. For that, this work addresses and identifies the expected risks associated with the main activities of driven piles execution, based on PRC technology. The technique of field survey for the purpose of data collection is used in this work. Identification and qualification analyses are conducted to define the priorities of risk factors affecting the planned activitiesas well as the Risk Breakdown Structure is developed. This will help in producing the risk register for preparing risk management plan of upcoming projects. The list of most important risk factors includes (1) Poor materials quality risk factor that affect Preparing and casting piles activity; (2) Poor system of fixing pilling machine risk factor, which affect the Positioning piles and steering the pilling machine activity; (3) Lack of specialized equipment’s, which affect Handling piles activity (4) Differences between soil boring report and in-site soil, which affect Driving piles activity. Based on the obtained results, this work provides valuable data and guidance for the Egyptian government and local partners to have an in-depth understanding of the risk factors affecting the activities associated to the construction of Driven Piles. These findings are essential for implementing further effective measures to ensure the decision makers for future development and create a more attractive market to these types of projects in Egypt.

90-97

Authors: Ikpe Aniekan E, Owunna Ikechukwu and Satope Paul

The passenger seat in hatchback vehicles is sometimes adjusted to create more space for cargo and passengers oftentimes stretch uncomfortably in attempt to load and offload heavy cargo. This paper is focused on designing a portable carrier system to minimise passenger’s efforts while conveying heavy loads to desired destinations. Quality Function Design (QFD) method was used to analyse four conceptual designs in terms of safety, function, interaction, cost and ergonomics and the second concept was selected as the final design due to its potentials compared to the third and fourth concepts which were used in the design analysis. CATIA software was used to carry out stress analysis using a force of 10KN equivalent to about 1000Kg and the maximum stress was about 80MPa, with stress concentrations around the edges where the framework is vertically attached to the surface plate. Also, the final design efficiency was about 80% which therefore implies that the design is optimal. Incorporated in the final design is also a roller at the base of the carrier for ease of mobility and manoeuvrability.

110-114

Authors: Syed Amjad Ahmad, Muzammal Mobeen, Zanjbeel and Mubasher Ikram

To harness clean energy from the exhaust of induced draft cooling tower without affecting the performance of cooling tower. A vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is mounted over the top of cooling tower in a cross wind orientation to utilize exhaust wind in a useful work done. This turbine system was not only recover the waste kinetic energy, but also be able to reduce the power consumption of fan motor and increase the intake speed of cooling tower. Wind energy from the outlet duct of this experimental setup of cooling tower utilize for the production of 12 Watt, which is 6.5 % of fan consumption. The overall turbine efficiency is 14.2 %.

120-128

Authors: Chukwuedozie N Ezema, Inyiama C Hyacinth and Chinwuko E Chuka

This study introduces a framework for optimum Common Frequency Routing (CFR) of a JIT system with time-varying demand and flexible production capacities. The system consists of components, people and machines that make useful products. The system is managed across boundaries and interfaces. The boundaries define the scope of the system or subsystem, while the interfaces control the flows through transactions. There are three flows in the JIT manufacturing system model: the flow of materials, the flow of information, and the flow of cost. These flows establish the value streams. Components of the value stream can be value-add or waste, depending on the operating conditions. In this research work, re-design of manufacturing systems into practical optimum Just-In-Time systems will be achieved by integration of computer simulation and analysis of variance. The conventional JIT approach is mostly applicable to static production systems and the dynamic production systems require a more practical integrated JIT approach. However, the re-design of existing dynamic systems into just-in-time systems must follow a practical path, which can be a cumbersome task. This means, a unique practical optimum Just-In-Time system that considers system’s limitations and its dynamic behavior must be designed.

135-142

Authors: Khayyam Masood and Muhammad Aadil Khan

The importance of autonomous flight has increased with time and it has become impertinent for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to be able to track a set of given waypoints to reach its desired destination. Similarly, quadrotors are small UAVs used for various domestic missions; moreover, another important aspect of autonomous quadrotors is their ability to avoid domestic hurdles. Numerous hurdles can appear in quadrotor’s navigation path and it is necessary for it to avoid these hurdles to ensure completeness in its mission without failure. The mathematical model of quadrotor is modelled in body-fixed frame and inertial frame. Accurately modeling the dynamics of the quadrotor allows us to check quadrotor in various situations without the need to build a prototype and test in real life. The quadrotor 6 DOF is validated through observations in inputs and outputs of mathematical model whether they conform to realistic values. The control architecture employed is the cascade control in which two loops are used – an inner loop and an outer loop – to control the quadrotor with the aid of Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers. The aim of this paper is to design an autonomous quadrotor capable of tracking a trajectory and a hurdle avoidance algorithm that could enable the quadrotor to achieve a completely autonomous flight. Ingenuity is captured in hurdle avoidance algorithm by using trigonometric relations for new trajectory generation. The platform used for this work was the MATLAB/Simulink environment that allowed us to develop the algorithm and integrate them with the 6 DOF mathematical model of the quadrotor to achieve a completely autonomous UAV. Simulation results showed that the quadrotor accurately followed its desired trajectory and effectively avoided hurdles in its path.

194-200

Authors: Khushbu Raval, Ravi Shukla and Ankit K Shah

Image segmentation is the important task for image analysis and understanding it. The segmentation of color image is challenging task in the image analysis process. Segmentation of color images gives more information than gray scale image. This paper performs segmentation of color image in different color spaces, as segmentation of RGB color image not always gives better segmentation results also not more suitable in image analysis and understanding. In this paper the color image is converted into L*a*b, HSV, YIQ color spaces for segmentation. Fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering is used for the segmentation of color images. FCM clustering gives good results for color image segmentation as it extracts more information from color images. Analysis of the segmented results in RGB, L*a*b, HSV, YIQ color spaces are given in this paper.